Todd Rogers
Biographic Data
| ID | 3717954 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Todd Rogers |
| GIVEN NAMES | Todd |
| FAMILY NAME | Rogers |
| SIGNATURE | ROGERS T |
| AFFILIATIONS | RTI International |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1592-2150 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 366 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 47 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Conversations with African Americans Regarding a Ban on the Sale of Menthol Cigarettes
Impact of regulatory tightening of the Hungarian tobacco retail market on availability, access and cigarette smoking prevalence of adolescents
After a significant decrease in the nationwide availability of licensed tobacco retailers, Hungary experienced short-term reductions in youth smoking prevalence. However, the sporadic implementation of complementary, evidence-based tobacco control strategies might limit further declines in youth smoking initiation and tobacco product use
Changes in Retail Tobacco Product Availability Following a Chicago City Ordinance Restricting Sales of Menthol and Other Flavored Tobacco Products Near Schools
BACKGROUND: In April 2016, the City of Chicago implemented an ordinance restricting the sale of all flavored (including menthol) tobacco products (FTPs), including electronic cigarettes, at retailers located within 500 feet of any public, private, or alternative elementary, middle ("primary"), or high ("secondary") school. We examined changes in retail availability of FTPs from before to after policy implementation among policy-affected retailers…
Impact of Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions on Policy-Related Attitudes and Tobacco Product Access
BACKGROUND: As of September 2020, more than 300 state and local jurisdictions restrict the sales of flavored tobacco, with some including menthol. AIMS: To evaluate the impact of local ordinances restricting the sale of flavored tobacco, we surveyed Californians regarding policy support and perceived access to flavored tobacco. METHODS: In 2019, we conducted an online survey of 3,075 California youth and young adults recruited via social media, a…
Changes in Reported Secondhand Smoke Incursions and Smoking Behavior after Implementation of a Federal Smoke-Free Rule in New York State Federally Subsidized Public Housing
This study assessed changes in smoking behavior and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure after implementation of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) rule prohibiting the use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and waterpipes in all federally subsidized public housing, including within residential units (apartments). Using quantitative data from a repeated cross-sectional mail survey of New York State residents of five public housing a…
Expanding local sales restrictions on flavoured tobacco products to include menthol: Retail sales changes in two Minnesota cities
Expanding flavour policies to include menthol/mint/wintergreen was associated with significant decreases in unit sales of most menthol products and in total unit sales by tobacco product category. Increases in menthol and flavoured ENDS sales in these cities may be associated with legal sales by exempted retailers and/or illicit sales by non-compliant retailers, highlighting opportunities for retailer education and enforcement
Sources of flavoured e-cigarettes among California youth and young adults: Associations with local flavoured tobacco sales restrictions
Although local laws may reduce access to flavoured e-cigarettes from retail sources, more comprehensive state or federal restrictions are recommended to close the loopholes for online sources. Dedicated efforts to curtail access from social sources are needed
Implementation of a comprehensive flavoured tobacco product sales restriction and retail tobacco sales
San Francisco's comprehensive restriction virtually eliminated flavoured tobacco sales and decreased total tobacco sales in mainstream retailers. Unlike other US flavoured tobacco policy evaluations, there was no evidence of substitution to concept-flavour named products. Results may be attributed to San Francisco Department of Health's self-education and rigorous retailer education, as well as the law's rebuttable presumption of a product as fla…
Changes in retail sales of tobacco products in Ontario after a menthol sales restriction
Ontario's menthol policy was associated with a decrease in retail sales of cigarettes classified as menthol, with little evidence of product substitution. Understanding changes in sales of cigarettes with menthol-suggestive descriptors would be informative
Changes in cigarillo availability following implementation of a local flavoured tobacco sales restriction
After policy implementation, Providence consumers were exposed to fewer cigarillo UPCs but a greater variety and proportion of concept-named flavoured cigarillos in the retail marketplace
Using Behavioral Insights to Improve School Administrative Communications: The Case of Truancy Notifications
Many states mandate districts or schools notify parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment ( N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified to target behavioral barriers that can hinder effective parental engagement. Modified truancy notifications that used simplified language, emphasized parental efficacy, and highlighted the negative incremental ef…
Cigarette and cigar sales in Hawaii before and after implementation of a Tobacco 21 Law
As part of a comprehensive approach to prevent or delay tobacco use initiation, T21 laws may help to reduce sales of cigarette and large cigar products most preferred by US youth and young adults
Changes in cigar sales following implementation of a local policy restricting sales of flavoured non-cigarette tobacco products
The Providence policy had a city-specific impact on retail sales of flavoured cigars, which was attenuated by an increase in sales of concept flavour-named cigars. Products with concept-flavour names may avoid enforcement agency detection, and their continued sale undermines the intent of the policy
Differences in price of flavoured and non-flavoured tobacco products sold in the USA, 2011–2016
Trends in the price of tobacco products varied across products and flavour types. Menthol little cigars, moist snuff and RYO were less expensive than non-flavoured varieties. Efforts to make flavoured tobacco products less accessible and less affordable could help reduce tobacco product use
National and state patterns of concept-flavoured cigar sales, USA, 2012–2016
Flavoured cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US cigar and concept-flavoured cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use
Little filtered cigars: US sales, flavours, package sizes and prices
Classifying all LFCs as cigarettes would require that they be offered in a minimum package of 20, eliminate flavoured varieties other than menthol and increase prices through applicable state and local cigarette taxes
Reducing Student Absenteeism in the Early Grades by Targeting Parental Beliefs
Attendance in kindergarten and elementary school robustly predicts student outcomes. Despite this well-documented association, there is little experimental research on how to reduce absenteeism in the early grades. This paper presents results from a randomized field experiment in 10 school districts evaluating the impact of a low-cost, parent-focused intervention on student attendance in grades K–5. The intervention targeted commonly held parenta…
Sales of Nicotine-Containing Electronic Cigarette Products: United States, 2015
Objectives. To assess the proportion of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products sold in the United States that contain nicotine according to retail scanner data. Methods. We obtained unit sales data from January 11, 2015, to December 12, 2015, from The Nielsen Company for convenience stores; supermarkets; mass merchandisers; drug, club, and dollar stores; and Department of Defense commissaries. The data did not include purchases from tobacco …
Artful paltering: The risks and rewards of using truthful statements to mislead others
Paltering is the active use of truthful statements to convey a misleading impression. Across 2 pilot studies and 6 experiments, we identify paltering as a distinct form of deception. Paltering differs from lying by omission (the passive omission of relevant information) and lying by commission (the active use of false statements). Our findings reveal that paltering is common in negotiations and that many negotiators prefer to palter than to lie b…
On the misplaced politics of behavioural policy interventions
Social pressure and voting: A field experiment conducted in a high-salience election
Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS): Dissemination and implementation research
The study concludes with examples of states that used STARS to inform policy change
Unresponsive and Unpersuaded: The Unintended Consequences of a Voter Persuasion Effort
Effect of price changes in little cigars and cigarettes on little cigar sales: Usa, Q4 2011–q4 2013
Our results suggest that US cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of cigarettes by switching to lower priced little cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like cigarettes and little cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit
Losing Hurts: The Happiness Impact of Partisan Electoral Loss
Partisan identity shapes social, mental, economic, and physical life. Using a novel dataset, we study the consequences of partisan identity by examining the immediate impact of electoral loss and victory on happiness and sadness. Employing a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity model we present two primary findings. First, elections strongly affect the immediate happiness/sadness of partisan losers, but minimally impact partisan winners. T…
Descriptive Social Norms and Motivation to Vote: Everybody's Voting and so Should You
The fact that many citizens fail to vote is often cited to motivate others to vote. Psychological research on descriptive social norms suggests that emphasizing the opposite—that many do vote—would be a more effective message. In two get-out-the-vote field experiments, we find that messages emphasizing low expected turnout are less effective at motivating voters than messages emphasizing high expected turnout. The findings suggest that descriptiv…
Text Messages as Mobilization Tools: The Conditional Effect of Habitual Voting and Election Salience
Dale and Strauss’s (DS) noticeable reminder theory (NRT) of voter mobilization posits that mobilization efforts that are highly noticeable and salient to potential voters, even if impersonal, can be successful. In an innovative experimental design, DS show that text messages substantially boost turnout, challenging previous claims that social connectedness is the key to increasing participation. We replicate DS’s research design and extend it in …
Losing Hurts: The Happiness Impact of Partisan Electoral Loss
Partisan identity shapes social, mental, economic, and physical life. Using a novel dataset, we study the consequences of partisan identity by examining the immediate impact of electoral loss and victory on happiness and sadness. Employing a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity model we present two primary findings. First, elections strongly affect the immediate happiness/sadness of partisan losers, but minimally impact partisan winners. T…
Political Campaigns and Big Data
Modern campaigns develop databases of detailed information about citizens to inform electoral strategy and to guide tactical efforts. Despite sensational reports about the value of individual consumer data, the most valuable information campaigns acquire comes from the behaviors and direct responses provided by citizens themselves. Campaign data analysts develop models using this information to produce individual-level predictions about citizens'…
Social pressure and voting: A field experiment conducted in a high-salience election
Are Ballot Initiative Outcomes Influenced by the Campaigns of Independent Groups? A Precinct-Randomized Field Experiment Showing That They Are
Vote Self-Prediction Hardly Predicts Who Will Vote, and Is (Misleadingly) Unbiased
Public opinion researchers, campaigns, and political scientists often rely on self-predicted vote to forecast turnout, allocate resources, and measure political engagement. Despite its importance, little research has examined the accuracy of self-predicted vote responses. Seven pre-election surveys with postelection vote validation from three elections ( N = 29,403) reveal several patterns. First, many self-predicted voters do not actually vote (…
Unresponsive and Unpersuaded: The Unintended Consequences of a Voter Persuasion Effort
Reducing Student Absenteeism in the Early Grades by Targeting Parental Beliefs
Attendance in kindergarten and elementary school robustly predicts student outcomes. Despite this well-documented association, there is little experimental research on how to reduce absenteeism in the early grades. This paper presents results from a randomized field experiment in 10 school districts evaluating the impact of a low-cost, parent-focused intervention on student attendance in grades K–5. The intervention targeted commonly held parenta…
Changes of Attitudes and Patronage Behaviors in Response to a Smoke-Free Bar Law
Objectives. We examined patron responses to a California smoke-free bar law. Methods. Three telephone surveys measured attitudes and behavior changes after implementation of the law. Results. Approval of the law rose from 59.8% to 73.2% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 2.40). Self-reported noncompliance decreased from 24.6% to 14.0% (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.85). Likelihood of visiting a bar or of not changing bar …
On the misplaced politics of behavioural policy interventions
Artful paltering: The risks and rewards of using truthful statements to mislead others
Paltering is the active use of truthful statements to convey a misleading impression. Across 2 pilot studies and 6 experiments, we identify paltering as a distinct form of deception. Paltering differs from lying by omission (the passive omission of relevant information) and lying by commission (the active use of false statements). Our findings reveal that paltering is common in negotiations and that many negotiators prefer to palter than to lie b…
Using Behavioral Insights to Improve School Administrative Communications: The Case of Truancy Notifications
Many states mandate districts or schools notify parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment ( N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified to target behavioral barriers that can hinder effective parental engagement. Modified truancy notifications that used simplified language, emphasized parental efficacy, and highlighted the negative incremental ef…
Sales of Nicotine-Containing Electronic Cigarette Products: United States, 2015
Objectives. To assess the proportion of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products sold in the United States that contain nicotine according to retail scanner data. Methods. We obtained unit sales data from January 11, 2015, to December 12, 2015, from The Nielsen Company for convenience stores; supermarkets; mass merchandisers; drug, club, and dollar stores; and Department of Defense commissaries. The data did not include purchases from tobacco …
Evaluation of Clinical Biofeedback
Effects of Gain versus Loss of Reward on Actual and Perceived Altruism
The effects of loss versus gain of reward on altruistic responding and subsequent self-ratings of altruism were examined for 46 male subjects. Subjects who lost reward were told they would lose experimental credit for helping. Subjects who gained reward were told they would receive full credit and do less work for helping. Control subjects were not asked for assistance. Subjects who lost reward were significantly less likely to help than subjects…
Physical Activity Assessment Methodology in the Five-City Project1
Previous measures of physical activity for epidemiologic studies were considered inadequate to meet the needs of a community-based health education trial. Therefore, new methods of quantifying the physical activity habits of communities were developed which are practical for large health surveys, provide information on the distribution of activity habits in the population, can detect changes in activity over time, and can be compared with other e…
Store tobacco policies: A survey of store managers, California, 1996-1997
Store tobacco youth access policies, and managers' beliefs about the extent of youth access enforcement in the community, are important in reducing illegal tobacco sales to minors
Changes of Attitudes and Patronage Behaviors in Response to a Smoke-Free Bar Law
Objectives. We examined patron responses to a California smoke-free bar law. Methods. Three telephone surveys measured attitudes and behavior changes after implementation of the law. Results. Approval of the law rose from 59.8% to 73.2% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 2.40). Self-reported noncompliance decreased from 24.6% to 14.0% (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.85). Likelihood of visiting a bar or of not changing bar …
ESL/EFL instructors’ classroom assessment practices: Purposes, methods, and procedures
Student assessment plays a central and important role in teaching and learning. Teachers devote a large part of their preparation time to creating instruments and observation procedures, marking, recording, and synthesizing results in informal and formal reports in their daily teaching. A number of studies of the assessment practices used by teachers in regular school classrooms have been undertaken (e.g., Rogers, 1991; Wilson, 1998; 2000). In co…
An examination of the effect on cigarette prices and promotions of Philip Morris USA penalties to stores that sell cigarettes to minors: Table 1
The lack of impact on cigarette prices and advertising indicate that the PM USA policy may be flawed in its design or execution. If public policies are developed to restrain cigarette price discounting strategies, they should be crafted to ensure compliance and preclude possible compensatory actions by retailers
Descriptive Social Norms and Motivation to Vote: Everybody's Voting and so Should You
The fact that many citizens fail to vote is often cited to motivate others to vote. Psychological research on descriptive social norms suggests that emphasizing the opposite—that many do vote—would be a more effective message. In two get-out-the-vote field experiments, we find that messages emphasizing low expected turnout are less effective at motivating voters than messages emphasizing high expected turnout. The findings suggest that descriptiv…
Do You Have a Voting Plan?: Implementation Intentions, Voter Turnout, and Organic Plan Making
Phone calls encouraging citizens to vote are staples of modern campaigns. Insights from psychological science can make these calls dramatically more potent while also generating opportunities to expand psychological theory. We present a field experiment conducted during the 2008 presidential election ( N = 287,228) showing that facilitating the formation of a voting plan (i.e., implementation intentions) can increase turnout by 4.1 percentage poi…
Motivating voter turnout by invoking the self
Three randomized experiments found that subtle linguistic cues have the power to increase voting and related behavior. The phrasing of survey items was varied to frame voting either as the enactment of a personal identity (e.g., “being a voter”) or as simply a behavior (e.g., “voting”). As predicted, the personal-identity phrasing significantly increased interest in registering to vote (experiment 1) and, in two statewide elections in the United …
Text Messages as Mobilization Tools: The Conditional Effect of Habitual Voting and Election Salience
Dale and Strauss’s (DS) noticeable reminder theory (NRT) of voter mobilization posits that mobilization efforts that are highly noticeable and salient to potential voters, even if impersonal, can be successful. In an innovative experimental design, DS show that text messages substantially boost turnout, challenging previous claims that social connectedness is the key to increasing participation. We replicate DS’s research design and extend it in …
SP6-46 Risk perception of smoking and quitting in Hungary
Introduction Despite improvements in tobacco control smoking is the leading, preventable risk factor for premature death and disability in Hungary. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of smoking and quitting in Hungary. Methods The first wave of a quantitative longitudinal study was delivered in 2009. A sample of individuals (n=2250) aged 16–70 years was selected from the seven geographical regions of Hungary. The survey wa…
P1-343 Gender differences in home smoking restrictions in Hungary
This publication was made possible by Grant Number 1 R01 TW007927-01 from the Fogarty International Center, the National Cancer Institute, and the National Institutes on Drug Abuse, within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH
Political Extremism Is Supported by an Illusion of Understanding
People often hold extreme political attitudes about complex policies. We hypothesized that people typically know less about such policies than they think they do (the illusion of explanatory depth) and that polarized attitudes are enabled by simplistic causal models. Asking people to explain policies in detail both undermined the illusion of explanatory depth and led to attitudes that were more moderate (Experiments 1 and 2). Although these effec…
The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Behavioral Interventions: Experimental Evidence from Energy Conservation
We document three remarkable features of the Opower program, in which social comparison-based home energy reports are repeatedly mailed to more than six million households nationwide. First, initial reports cause high-frequency “action and backsliding,” but these cycles attenuate over time. Second, if reports are discontinued after two years, effects are relatively persistent, decaying at 10–20 percent per year. Third, consumers are slow to habit…
Parental Ease in Asking Others Not to Smoke and Respiratory Symptoms and Illness among Children
In a population of children visiting an outpatient ENT clinic in Budapest, Hungary, we found a high degree of exposure to SHS. The ease with which caregivers felt towards asking others not to smoke predicted specific respiratory conditions. Since the ENT clinic offers a wonderful opportunity for clinicians to counsel parents on tobacco cessation, increased tobacco education of these providers is needed
E-cigarettes made especially for inmates
The USA has the highest rate of incarceration in the world, at 751 per 100 000,1 and almost 12 million people are admitted to local jails annually.2 Smoking prevalence is estimated at 60–80% in US criminal justice populations, about four times higher than in the general population.3 Most jails ban conventional cigarette smoking to prevent contraband and associated violence, reduce the fire hazard and maintenance costs associated with cigarettes, …
Research support for effective state and community tobacco control programme response to electronic nicotine delivery systems
TCP managers report that ENDS research is highly important for practice and need research-based information to inform decision making around the inclusion of ENDS in existing tobacco control policies. For optimal relevance to state and community TCPs, research on ENDS should prioritise study of the health effects of ENDS use and secondhand exposure to ENDS vapour in the context of existing tobacco control policies
Vote Self-Prediction Hardly Predicts Who Will Vote, and Is (Misleadingly) Unbiased
Public opinion researchers, campaigns, and political scientists often rely on self-predicted vote to forecast turnout, allocate resources, and measure political engagement. Despite its importance, little research has examined the accuracy of self-predicted vote responses. Seven pre-election surveys with postelection vote validation from three elections ( N = 29,403) reveal several patterns. First, many self-predicted voters do not actually vote (…
Political Campaigns and Big Data
Modern campaigns develop databases of detailed information about citizens to inform electoral strategy and to guide tactical efforts. Despite sensational reports about the value of individual consumer data, the most valuable information campaigns acquire comes from the behaviors and direct responses provided by citizens themselves. Campaign data analysts develop models using this information to produce individual-level predictions about citizens'…
Effect of price changes in little cigars and cigarettes on little cigar sales: Usa, Q4 2011–q4 2013
Our results suggest that US cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of cigarettes by switching to lower priced little cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like cigarettes and little cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit
Losing Hurts: The Happiness Impact of Partisan Electoral Loss
Partisan identity shapes social, mental, economic, and physical life. Using a novel dataset, we study the consequences of partisan identity by examining the immediate impact of electoral loss and victory on happiness and sadness. Employing a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity model we present two primary findings. First, elections strongly affect the immediate happiness/sadness of partisan losers, but minimally impact partisan winners. T…
Measuring Public Health Practice and Outcomes in Chronic Disease: A Call for Coordination
A strategic opportunity exists to coordinate public health systems and services researchers’ efforts to develop local health department service delivery measures and the efforts of divisions within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP) to establish outcome indicators for public health practice in chronic disease. Several sets of outcome indicators developed b…
Are Ballot Initiative Outcomes Influenced by the Campaigns of Independent Groups? A Precinct-Randomized Field Experiment Showing That They Are
Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS): Dissemination and implementation research
The study concludes with examples of states that used STARS to inform policy change
Medicine (27 works) · Business (24 works) · Political science (22 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (21 works) · Environmental health (20 works) · Advertising (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (14 works) · Economics (13 works)