Muhammad Afzal
Biographic Data
| ID | 3721799 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Muhammad Afzal |
| GIVEN NAMES | Muhammad |
| FAMILY NAME | Afzal |
| SIGNATURE | AFZAL M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Preston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2570-3223 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Smarter and healthier cities in the era of AI
The smart city agenda has focused on technological solutions to urban problems. However, rapid social, environmental, and technological change, especially the rise of AI, have revealed significant transformations, highlighting the need for a state-of-the-art academic concept. This study proposes the concept of the Smarter and Healthier city , grounded in a systematic review of smart and healthy city research using the PRISMA protocol. We analyse …
Data in Policing
The article brings together contemporary research on how new forms of data are reshaping policing and police organizations. A systematic review of 192 papers (1970–2022) identifies the developing effects of data in areas like automated decision-making and predictive policing. We synthesize the findings in an integrative framework that links data sources, data-driven processes, and policing outcomes while highlighting the significance of instituti…
How Public Officials Perceive Algorithmic Discretion
Algorithms are disrupting established decision‐making practices in public administration. A key area of interest lies in algorithmic discretion or how public officials use algorithms to exercise discretion. The article develops a framework to explain algorithmic discretion by drawing on status quo bias theory and bureaucratic discretion. A study with police officers in the UK shows that—while officers still value their discretion—it is resistance…
Climate change flood risks and post-flood agricultural and non-agricultural economic losses in flood-prone Bait households Muzaffargarh district of Punjab, Pakistan
Livelihood diversification strategies adaption determinants in flood-prone Bait areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Comparative analysis to assess food security in south asian nations
Coping with digital transformation in frontline public services
Research on digital transformation has focused on organizational aspects with less attention to the impacts on frontline public officials' daily work. Drawing on the coping model of user adaptation, we investigate how public officials cope with digitalization initiatives and the role of discretion in the coping process. The empirical study focuses on policing and the responses of law enforcement officials ( n = 292) in the Punjab region of Pakist…
Diversity of medicinal flora and traditional knowledge of Muzaffargarh District Punjab Province, Pakistan
Background: Ethnomedicine is an important part of different cultures across the globe. It has a central role in providing new medicinal plants to phytochemical exploration and effective drug discoveries for centuries. Methods: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted to collect the ethnobotanical knowledge. We used a snowball technique for respondents sampling. Semi-structured interviews were for ethnobotanical data collection. Relative frequency ci…
Is government spending in the education and health sector necessary for human capital development
This study intends to examine the impact of current health expenditure, domestic government health expenditure, government education expenditure, social protection, population growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital formation in the context of Pakistan. This study utilized skill and health to measure human capital. The study utilized annual data for the period of 1990–2020 and data has been extracted from World Development In…
Driving Factors Influencing The Women's Preference and Decision-Making For Non-Medically Indicated Caesarean Section
Background:Caesarean section has become an emerging issue and catching attention worldwide. Shared decision-making among families and individuals has become a fashion and the main reason for women's preference for caesarean section. There are many societal factors that play an important role in unnecessary caesarean sections. Objective: To evaluate the driving factors influencing the women's preference and decision-making for caesarean section at…
Climate change vulnerability and multidimensional poverty in flood prone rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Climate change effects on riverbank erosion Bait community flood-prone area of Punjab, Pakistan
Psychological distancing and floods risk perception relating to climate change in flood-prone Bait communities of Punjab, Pakistan
Marxist Study of The God of Small Things
Arundhaty Roy's novel The God of Small Things is a political manuscript which conveys Marxist approach and throws the light on the fact that the Indian society is so much primitive that there is still the caste system in it. There is class struggle in the society and on the base of the resources the society has been divided in two main groups; bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie is the upper class of society that creates an ideology for the …
Impact of violent conflicts and environmental hazards on pastoral sustainable development in Punjab, Pakistan
Perception of Early Childhood Education Teachers on Students' Enrollment in Schools in District Nankana-Pakistan
According to the Government of Pakistan (2003), one of the purposes of the National Plan of Action (NPA)2001-2015 is to control and codify the Katchi class, also, an extra space, a teacher, reading material, general media assistance, and a displaying unit are necessary for ECE. The primary goals of this research article were to examine early childhood education (ECE) teachers' perspectives on student enrolment in schools in the district of Nankan…
Clinical Concept Extraction with Lexical Semantics to Support Automatic Annotation
Extracting clinical concepts, such as problems, diagnosis, and treatment, from unstructured clinical narrative documents enables data-driven approaches such as machine and deep learning to support advanced applications such as clinical decision-support systems, the assessment of disease progression, and the intelligent analysis of treatment efficacy. Various tools such as cTAKES, Sophia, MetaMap, and other rules-based approaches and algorithms ha…
Clinical Decision Support System Based on Hybrid Knowledge Modeling
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) represent the latest technological transformation in healthcare for assisting clinicians in complex decision-making. Several CDSSs are proposed to deal with a range of clinical tasks such as disease diagnosis, prescription management, and medication ordering. Although a small number of CDSSs have focused on treatment selection, areas such as medication selection and dosing selection remained under-researc…
Impact of climate change on pastoralists’ resilience and sustainable mitigation in Punjab, Pakistan
Flood hazards adaptation strategies
Flexibility in the Implementation of Islamic Criminal Law in Modern Islamic Society in the Light of Qur’ān and Sunnah
Islam holds the balance of justice in the right manner and insists on examining all the conditions and circumstances associated with the offence because Islam is the most natural way of life on account of its suitability, sustainability and flexibility towards human nature. No other legal system in the world has been created for the public interest, the way the Islamic law has been created. This paper focuses upon the flexibility in the implement…
National innovative capacity and knowledge creation in advanced economies
The main objective of this study is to seek the robust and significant determinants of National Innovative Capacity in technologically advanced economies. In this era of knowledge-based economies having rapidly changing technology, innovation and digitization, it is very important to examine what determines innovation. For this purpose, the role of Information and Communication Technology, Exposure to external technology, R&D expenditure, Human c…
Floating treatment wetlands as a suitable option for large-scale wastewater treatment
A novel survey of the ethno medicinal knowledge of dental problems in Manoor Valley (Northern Himalaya), Pakistan
Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae) in mice and rats
Coping with digital transformation in frontline public services
Research on digital transformation has focused on organizational aspects with less attention to the impacts on frontline public officials' daily work. Drawing on the coping model of user adaptation, we investigate how public officials cope with digitalization initiatives and the role of discretion in the coping process. The empirical study focuses on policing and the responses of law enforcement officials ( n = 292) in the Punjab region of Pakist…
Social Characteristics of the People of Karachi
Maas Journal of Islamic Science, Vol. 1, No. 2
Maas Journal of Islamic Science. Vol., 2, No. 1
Maas Journal of Islamic Science Vol. 2, No. 2
Gastric antiulcer and cytoprotective effect of Commiphora molmol in rats
Selective Processing of Gastrointestinal Symptom-related Stimuli in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was associated with attentional bias toward symptom-related cues in IBS patients versus healthy controls, using a modified Stroop task to measure selective processing of gastrointestinal symptom-related cues. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a clinical diagnosis of IBS and 15 healthy controls were recruited into the study. All participants attended a single testing session, d…
Alianza mundial en pro del personal sanitario
The Global Health Workforce Alliance was launched in 2006 to provide a joint platform for governments, development partners, international agencies, civil society organizations, academia, private sector, professional associations, and other stakeholders to work together to address a global crisis in human resources for health. Five years later the vision and mandate of the Alliance still remain valid. Despite advances in bringing the health workf…
Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae) in mice and rats
A novel survey of the ethno medicinal knowledge of dental problems in Manoor Valley (Northern Himalaya), Pakistan
Floating treatment wetlands as a suitable option for large-scale wastewater treatment
National innovative capacity and knowledge creation in advanced economies
The main objective of this study is to seek the robust and significant determinants of National Innovative Capacity in technologically advanced economies. In this era of knowledge-based economies having rapidly changing technology, innovation and digitization, it is very important to examine what determines innovation. For this purpose, the role of Information and Communication Technology, Exposure to external technology, R&D expenditure, Human c…
Perception of Early Childhood Education Teachers on Students' Enrollment in Schools in District Nankana-Pakistan
According to the Government of Pakistan (2003), one of the purposes of the National Plan of Action (NPA)2001-2015 is to control and codify the Katchi class, also, an extra space, a teacher, reading material, general media assistance, and a displaying unit are necessary for ECE. The primary goals of this research article were to examine early childhood education (ECE) teachers' perspectives on student enrolment in schools in the district of Nankan…
Clinical Concept Extraction with Lexical Semantics to Support Automatic Annotation
Extracting clinical concepts, such as problems, diagnosis, and treatment, from unstructured clinical narrative documents enables data-driven approaches such as machine and deep learning to support advanced applications such as clinical decision-support systems, the assessment of disease progression, and the intelligent analysis of treatment efficacy. Various tools such as cTAKES, Sophia, MetaMap, and other rules-based approaches and algorithms ha…
Clinical Decision Support System Based on Hybrid Knowledge Modeling
Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) represent the latest technological transformation in healthcare for assisting clinicians in complex decision-making. Several CDSSs are proposed to deal with a range of clinical tasks such as disease diagnosis, prescription management, and medication ordering. Although a small number of CDSSs have focused on treatment selection, areas such as medication selection and dosing selection remained under-researc…
Impact of climate change on pastoralists’ resilience and sustainable mitigation in Punjab, Pakistan
Flood hazards adaptation strategies
Flexibility in the Implementation of Islamic Criminal Law in Modern Islamic Society in the Light of Qur’ān and Sunnah
Islam holds the balance of justice in the right manner and insists on examining all the conditions and circumstances associated with the offence because Islam is the most natural way of life on account of its suitability, sustainability and flexibility towards human nature. No other legal system in the world has been created for the public interest, the way the Islamic law has been created. This paper focuses upon the flexibility in the implement…
Marxist Study of The God of Small Things
Arundhaty Roy's novel The God of Small Things is a political manuscript which conveys Marxist approach and throws the light on the fact that the Indian society is so much primitive that there is still the caste system in it. There is class struggle in the society and on the base of the resources the society has been divided in two main groups; bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie is the upper class of society that creates an ideology for the …
Impact of violent conflicts and environmental hazards on pastoral sustainable development in Punjab, Pakistan
Is government spending in the education and health sector necessary for human capital development
This study intends to examine the impact of current health expenditure, domestic government health expenditure, government education expenditure, social protection, population growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital formation in the context of Pakistan. This study utilized skill and health to measure human capital. The study utilized annual data for the period of 1990–2020 and data has been extracted from World Development In…
Driving Factors Influencing The Women's Preference and Decision-Making For Non-Medically Indicated Caesarean Section
Background:Caesarean section has become an emerging issue and catching attention worldwide. Shared decision-making among families and individuals has become a fashion and the main reason for women's preference for caesarean section. There are many societal factors that play an important role in unnecessary caesarean sections. Objective: To evaluate the driving factors influencing the women's preference and decision-making for caesarean section at…
Climate change vulnerability and multidimensional poverty in flood prone rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan
Climate change effects on riverbank erosion Bait community flood-prone area of Punjab, Pakistan
Psychological distancing and floods risk perception relating to climate change in flood-prone Bait communities of Punjab, Pakistan
Climate change flood risks and post-flood agricultural and non-agricultural economic losses in flood-prone Bait households Muzaffargarh district of Punjab, Pakistan
Economics (12 works) · Geography (12 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Business (9 works) · Socioeconomics (9 works) · Agriculture (8 works) · Ecology (8 works) · Agricultural risk and resilience (6 works)