Sedi Hirano
Biographic Data
| ID | 373117 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sedi Hirano |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sedi |
| FAMILY NAME | Hirano |
| SIGNATURE | HIRANO S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidade de São Paulo |
| ORCID | 0009-0009-1814-2852 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 390 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
How Partisan Are U.S. Local Elections? Evidence from 2020 Cast Vote Records
Analyzing nominally partisan contests, previous literature has argued that state and local politics have nationalized. Here we use individual ballots from the 2020 general elections covering over 50 million voters to study the relationship between individual national partisanship and voting in over 5,700 contested down-ballot contests, including nonpartisan races and ballot measures. Voting in partisan contests can be explained by voter’s nationa…
Measuring the Partisan Behavior of U.S. Newspapers, 1880 to 1980
In this paper, we study newspaper partisan behavior and content, which we measure using coverage of and commentary on partisan activities, institutions, and actors. We use this measure to describe the levels of relative partisan behavior during the period 1880 to 1900, and to describe changes over the period 1880 to 1980. We find that, on average, newspapers were initially highly partisan, but gradually became less partisan over time. Importantly…
The Growth of Campaign Advertising in the United States, 1880–1930
When did candidate-centered campaign advertising take off in the United States, and what accounts for this growth? In this article, we analyze a novel data set of political advertisements in newspapers between 1880 and 1930. We show that there was a sharp increase in candidates' newspaper advertising beginning around 1910. We exploit the panel structure of these data to investigate the impact of political reforms on advertising. The results sugge…
Primary Elections and the Provision of Public Goods
We develop a theory of primary elections and the provision of public and private goods. In our model, candidates from two parties compete for the support of "core" party voters in their respective primary elections and "swing" voters in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideology and offer platforms that distribute a unit of public spending across group-specific private goods and public goods. Without primaries, candidate…
Carta Aos Leitores
Voter Learning in State Primary Elections
When voters learn about candidates' issue positions during election campaigns, does it affect how they vote? This basic question about voters remains unanswered in part because of a methodological obstacle: learning candidates' issue positions may influence not only voters' vote choice but also their issue positions. To surmount this obstacle, we attempt to answer this question by examining statewide primary elections, which are arguably less vul…
Direct and Indirect Representation
How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? This article develops a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups that may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party win a legislative seat in the next elect…
Carta aos leitores
Carta Aos Leitores
A industrialização e a crise do poder
Carta Aos Leitores
Elections and reform: The adoption of civil service systems in the U.S. states
Most government bureaucracies in developed countries use civil service systems. What accounts for their adoption? We develop and test a model of bureaucratic reforms under repeated partisan competition. In the model, two political parties composed of overlapping generations of candidates compete for office. Under a spoils system, an incumbent politician can either continue to “politicize” the bureaucracy, which allows her to direct benefits to vo…
Patronage and Elections in U.S. States
Does control of patronage jobs significantly increase a political party's chances of winning elections in U.S. states? We employ a differences-in-differences design, exploiting the considerable variation in the dates that different states adopted civil service reforms. Our evidence suggests that political parties in U.S. states were able to use state-level patronage to increase the probability of maintaining control of state legislatures and stat…
Do Individual Representatives Influence Government Transfers? Evidence from Japan
Conventional wisdom is that during the second half of the twentieth century, Japanese Diet members served as “pipelines” between the national treasury and their constituents. This article employs two identification strategies to estimate how much individual Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) incumbents in the Lower House of the Diet influenced the distribution of government transfers during the period 1977 to 1992. The first exploits the changes in r…
More Democracy: The Direct Primary and Competition in U.S. Elections
This article offers a first-ever comprehensive empirical assessment of a key Progressive reform, the direct primary, and its impact on competition in American elections. We begin with a review of the problems Progressives diagnosed in the American electoral system and reasons to expect the direct primary to be a pro-competitive, democratizing reform. We then consider prior research into the direct primary and electoral contestation and describe t…
Why Primaries in Latin American Presidential Elections
In a context where primaries are not mandated, why do some parties use them to select presidential candidates? In this paper, we argue that the use of primary elections is likely to reflect the existence and intensity of divisions within political parties. We focus on several characteristics of political parties and party systems that are often associated with intraparty divisions. We find that these characteristics are correlated with the decisi…
Distributive Politics with Primaries
We develop a model of electoral competition in which two parties compete for votes amongst three groups of voters. Each party first internally selects one of two candidates to run in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideological platform and can promise a distribution of a unit of public spending across groups. Without primary elections, the selection process is random. With primary elections, an ideologically friendly s…
Using Multimember District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency Advantage
In this article we use a novel research design that exploits unique features of multimember districts to estimate and decompose the incumbency advantage in state legislative elections. Like some existing related studies we also use repeated observations on the same candidates to account for unobserved factors that remain constant across observations. Multimember districts have the additional feature of copartisans competing for multiple seats wit…
Third Parties, Elections, and Roll‐Call Votes: The Populist Party and the Late Nineteenth‐Century U.S. Congress
What effect do electorally successful third parties have on congressional roll‐call votes? There is widespread belief among scholars that third parties influence the policies of the major parties, but there is little systematic evidence of this influence. I exploit the unique historical context surrounding the Populist Party formation in 1892 to examine the effect of the Populist Party's electoral success on congressional roll‐call votes related …
The incumbency advantage in U.S. primary elections
The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United States
This paper documents and investigates a prominent but little discussed pattern in U.S. politics, which is the decline of third-party electoral support over the past century. We find evidence consistent with the claim that electoral support for third parties—mainly left-wing third parties—declined because the Democratic Party co-opted the left-wing policy position beginning with the passage of the New Deal agenda. We note first that most of the th…
Electoral Institutions, Hometowns, and Favored Minorities: Evidence from Japanese Electoral Reforms
This article presents evidence that electoral institutions affect the geographic distribution of both candidate electoral support and government resources. The author exploits two electoral reforms in Japan to identify the effect of institutional incentives: (1) the 1994 electoral reform from a multimember single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system to a mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system with a single-member district (SMD) component and a prop…
Padrões De Desenvolvimento E De Oportunidade Social Na América Latina E No Leste Asiático
Este artigo procura aprofundar a reflexão em torno dos padrões de desenvolvimento e de oportunidade social existentes no Leste Asiático e na América Latina. Sustentamos aqui que a estrutura de poder mundial funda-se em modos de desenvolvimento diferenciados nas diversas regiões do planeta, que se reportam a diversos padrões de acumulação e inserção internacional das economias nacionais, empiricamente verificáveis em cada região geo-econômica. Par…
Política e economia como formas de dominação: O trabalho intelectual em Marx
Este ensaio procura sistematizar a análise teórica que Marx faz do pré-capitalismo e do capitalismo como estruturas sociais de poder, predominando naquele as relações políticas e neste as relações econômicas como formas de dominação. Procura-se demonstrar que no pré-capitalismo o poder político e o exercício monopolizado da violência física, social e psicológica são determinados pela forma como os agentes sociais se apropriam das condições objeti…
A Cidadania Do Trabalhador Acidentado: (Re)conhecimento Do Direito Aos Direitos Sociais
Procura-se apresentar neste estudo o difícil caminho percorrido pelos trabalhadores acidentados na descoberta da cidadania em que o reconhecimento ao direito se apresenta como uma luta pela igualdade de uma cidadania de primeira classe, ou seja, o acesso à justiça e aos direitos sociais. Esta luta inicia-se no momento do acidente no mundo do trabalho, no qual prevalecem condições inseguras e insalubres, e passa para instituições de saúde, espaço …
Electoral Institutions, Hometowns, and Favored Minorities: Evidence from Japanese Electoral Reforms
This article presents evidence that electoral institutions affect the geographic distribution of both candidate electoral support and government resources. The author exploits two electoral reforms in Japan to identify the effect of institutional incentives: (1) the 1994 electoral reform from a multimember single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system to a mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system with a single-member district (SMD) component and a prop…
The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United States
This paper documents and investigates a prominent but little discussed pattern in U.S. politics, which is the decline of third-party electoral support over the past century. We find evidence consistent with the claim that electoral support for third parties—mainly left-wing third parties—declined because the Democratic Party co-opted the left-wing policy position beginning with the passage of the New Deal agenda. We note first that most of the th…
Why Primaries in Latin American Presidential Elections
In a context where primaries are not mandated, why do some parties use them to select presidential candidates? In this paper, we argue that the use of primary elections is likely to reflect the existence and intensity of divisions within political parties. We focus on several characteristics of political parties and party systems that are often associated with intraparty divisions. We find that these characteristics are correlated with the decisi…
Patronage and Elections in U.S. States
Does control of patronage jobs significantly increase a political party's chances of winning elections in U.S. states? We employ a differences-in-differences design, exploiting the considerable variation in the dates that different states adopted civil service reforms. Our evidence suggests that political parties in U.S. states were able to use state-level patronage to increase the probability of maintaining control of state legislatures and stat…
Using Multimember District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency Advantage
In this article we use a novel research design that exploits unique features of multimember districts to estimate and decompose the incumbency advantage in state legislative elections. Like some existing related studies we also use repeated observations on the same candidates to account for unobserved factors that remain constant across observations. Multimember districts have the additional feature of copartisans competing for multiple seats wit…
Elections and reform: The adoption of civil service systems in the U.S. states
Most government bureaucracies in developed countries use civil service systems. What accounts for their adoption? We develop and test a model of bureaucratic reforms under repeated partisan competition. In the model, two political parties composed of overlapping generations of candidates compete for office. Under a spoils system, an incumbent politician can either continue to “politicize” the bureaucracy, which allows her to direct benefits to vo…
The incumbency advantage in U.S. primary elections
Voter Learning in State Primary Elections
When voters learn about candidates' issue positions during election campaigns, does it affect how they vote? This basic question about voters remains unanswered in part because of a methodological obstacle: learning candidates' issue positions may influence not only voters' vote choice but also their issue positions. To surmount this obstacle, we attempt to answer this question by examining statewide primary elections, which are arguably less vul…
More Democracy: The Direct Primary and Competition in U.S. Elections
This article offers a first-ever comprehensive empirical assessment of a key Progressive reform, the direct primary, and its impact on competition in American elections. We begin with a review of the problems Progressives diagnosed in the American electoral system and reasons to expect the direct primary to be a pro-competitive, democratizing reform. We then consider prior research into the direct primary and electoral contestation and describe t…
Do Individual Representatives Influence Government Transfers? Evidence from Japan
Conventional wisdom is that during the second half of the twentieth century, Japanese Diet members served as “pipelines” between the national treasury and their constituents. This article employs two identification strategies to estimate how much individual Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) incumbents in the Lower House of the Diet influenced the distribution of government transfers during the period 1977 to 1992. The first exploits the changes in r…
Distributive Politics with Primaries
We develop a model of electoral competition in which two parties compete for votes amongst three groups of voters. Each party first internally selects one of two candidates to run in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideological platform and can promise a distribution of a unit of public spending across groups. Without primary elections, the selection process is random. With primary elections, an ideologically friendly s…
Third Parties, Elections, and Roll‐Call Votes: The Populist Party and the Late Nineteenth‐Century U.S. Congress
What effect do electorally successful third parties have on congressional roll‐call votes? There is widespread belief among scholars that third parties influence the policies of the major parties, but there is little systematic evidence of this influence. I exploit the unique historical context surrounding the Populist Party formation in 1892 to examine the effect of the Populist Party's electoral success on congressional roll‐call votes related …
Primary Elections and the Provision of Public Goods
We develop a theory of primary elections and the provision of public and private goods. In our model, candidates from two parties compete for the support of "core" party voters in their respective primary elections and "swing" voters in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideology and offer platforms that distribute a unit of public spending across group-specific private goods and public goods. Without primaries, candidate…
Measuring the Partisan Behavior of U.S. Newspapers, 1880 to 1980
In this paper, we study newspaper partisan behavior and content, which we measure using coverage of and commentary on partisan activities, institutions, and actors. We use this measure to describe the levels of relative partisan behavior during the period 1880 to 1900, and to describe changes over the period 1880 to 1980. We find that, on average, newspapers were initially highly partisan, but gradually became less partisan over time. Importantly…
The Growth of Campaign Advertising in the United States, 1880–1930
When did candidate-centered campaign advertising take off in the United States, and what accounts for this growth? In this article, we analyze a novel data set of political advertisements in newspapers between 1880 and 1930. We show that there was a sharp increase in candidates' newspaper advertising beginning around 1910. We exploit the panel structure of these data to investigate the impact of political reforms on advertising. The results sugge…
Direct and Indirect Representation
How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? This article develops a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups that may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party win a legislative seat in the next elect…
A Cidadania Do Trabalhador Acidentado: (Re)conhecimento Do Direito Aos Direitos Sociais
Procura-se apresentar neste estudo o difícil caminho percorrido pelos trabalhadores acidentados na descoberta da cidadania em que o reconhecimento ao direito se apresenta como uma luta pela igualdade de uma cidadania de primeira classe, ou seja, o acesso à justiça e aos direitos sociais. Esta luta inicia-se no momento do acidente no mundo do trabalho, no qual prevalecem condições inseguras e insalubres, e passa para instituições de saúde, espaço …
Política e economia como formas de dominação: O trabalho intelectual em Marx
Este ensaio procura sistematizar a análise teórica que Marx faz do pré-capitalismo e do capitalismo como estruturas sociais de poder, predominando naquele as relações políticas e neste as relações econômicas como formas de dominação. Procura-se demonstrar que no pré-capitalismo o poder político e o exercício monopolizado da violência física, social e psicológica são determinados pela forma como os agentes sociais se apropriam das condições objeti…
Electoral Institutions, Hometowns, and Favored Minorities: Evidence from Japanese Electoral Reforms
This article presents evidence that electoral institutions affect the geographic distribution of both candidate electoral support and government resources. The author exploits two electoral reforms in Japan to identify the effect of institutional incentives: (1) the 1994 electoral reform from a multimember single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system to a mixed-member majoritarian (MMM) system with a single-member district (SMD) component and a prop…
Padrões De Desenvolvimento E De Oportunidade Social Na América Latina E No Leste Asiático
Este artigo procura aprofundar a reflexão em torno dos padrões de desenvolvimento e de oportunidade social existentes no Leste Asiático e na América Latina. Sustentamos aqui que a estrutura de poder mundial funda-se em modos de desenvolvimento diferenciados nas diversas regiões do planeta, que se reportam a diversos padrões de acumulação e inserção internacional das economias nacionais, empiricamente verificáveis em cada região geo-econômica. Par…
The incumbency advantage in U.S. primary elections
The Decline of Third-Party Voting in the United States
This paper documents and investigates a prominent but little discussed pattern in U.S. politics, which is the decline of third-party electoral support over the past century. We find evidence consistent with the claim that electoral support for third parties—mainly left-wing third parties—declined because the Democratic Party co-opted the left-wing policy position beginning with the passage of the New Deal agenda. We note first that most of the th…
Third Parties, Elections, and Roll‐Call Votes: The Populist Party and the Late Nineteenth‐Century U.S. Congress
What effect do electorally successful third parties have on congressional roll‐call votes? There is widespread belief among scholars that third parties influence the policies of the major parties, but there is little systematic evidence of this influence. I exploit the unique historical context surrounding the Populist Party formation in 1892 to examine the effect of the Populist Party's electoral success on congressional roll‐call votes related …
Why Primaries in Latin American Presidential Elections
In a context where primaries are not mandated, why do some parties use them to select presidential candidates? In this paper, we argue that the use of primary elections is likely to reflect the existence and intensity of divisions within political parties. We focus on several characteristics of political parties and party systems that are often associated with intraparty divisions. We find that these characteristics are correlated with the decisi…
Distributive Politics with Primaries
We develop a model of electoral competition in which two parties compete for votes amongst three groups of voters. Each party first internally selects one of two candidates to run in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideological platform and can promise a distribution of a unit of public spending across groups. Without primary elections, the selection process is random. With primary elections, an ideologically friendly s…
Using Multimember District Elections to Estimate the Sources of the Incumbency Advantage
In this article we use a novel research design that exploits unique features of multimember districts to estimate and decompose the incumbency advantage in state legislative elections. Like some existing related studies we also use repeated observations on the same candidates to account for unobserved factors that remain constant across observations. Multimember districts have the additional feature of copartisans competing for multiple seats wit…
More Democracy: The Direct Primary and Competition in U.S. Elections
This article offers a first-ever comprehensive empirical assessment of a key Progressive reform, the direct primary, and its impact on competition in American elections. We begin with a review of the problems Progressives diagnosed in the American electoral system and reasons to expect the direct primary to be a pro-competitive, democratizing reform. We then consider prior research into the direct primary and electoral contestation and describe t…
Patronage and Elections in U.S. States
Does control of patronage jobs significantly increase a political party's chances of winning elections in U.S. states? We employ a differences-in-differences design, exploiting the considerable variation in the dates that different states adopted civil service reforms. Our evidence suggests that political parties in U.S. states were able to use state-level patronage to increase the probability of maintaining control of state legislatures and stat…
Do Individual Representatives Influence Government Transfers? Evidence from Japan
Conventional wisdom is that during the second half of the twentieth century, Japanese Diet members served as “pipelines” between the national treasury and their constituents. This article employs two identification strategies to estimate how much individual Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) incumbents in the Lower House of the Diet influenced the distribution of government transfers during the period 1977 to 1992. The first exploits the changes in r…
Elections and reform: The adoption of civil service systems in the U.S. states
Most government bureaucracies in developed countries use civil service systems. What accounts for their adoption? We develop and test a model of bureaucratic reforms under repeated partisan competition. In the model, two political parties composed of overlapping generations of candidates compete for office. Under a spoils system, an incumbent politician can either continue to “politicize” the bureaucracy, which allows her to direct benefits to vo…
Carta Aos Leitores
Carta Aos Leitores
A industrialização e a crise do poder
Voter Learning in State Primary Elections
When voters learn about candidates' issue positions during election campaigns, does it affect how they vote? This basic question about voters remains unanswered in part because of a methodological obstacle: learning candidates' issue positions may influence not only voters' vote choice but also their issue positions. To surmount this obstacle, we attempt to answer this question by examining statewide primary elections, which are arguably less vul…
Direct and Indirect Representation
How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? This article develops a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups that may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party win a legislative seat in the next elect…
Carta aos leitores
Carta Aos Leitores
Primary Elections and the Provision of Public Goods
We develop a theory of primary elections and the provision of public and private goods. In our model, candidates from two parties compete for the support of "core" party voters in their respective primary elections and "swing" voters in a general election. Candidates within a party share a fixed ideology and offer platforms that distribute a unit of public spending across group-specific private goods and public goods. Without primaries, candidate…
The Growth of Campaign Advertising in the United States, 1880–1930
When did candidate-centered campaign advertising take off in the United States, and what accounts for this growth? In this article, we analyze a novel data set of political advertisements in newspapers between 1880 and 1930. We show that there was a sharp increase in candidates' newspaper advertising beginning around 1910. We exploit the panel structure of these data to investigate the impact of political reforms on advertising. The results sugge…
Measuring the Partisan Behavior of U.S. Newspapers, 1880 to 1980
In this paper, we study newspaper partisan behavior and content, which we measure using coverage of and commentary on partisan activities, institutions, and actors. We use this measure to describe the levels of relative partisan behavior during the period 1880 to 1900, and to describe changes over the period 1880 to 1980. We find that, on average, newspapers were initially highly partisan, but gradually became less partisan over time. Importantly…
How Partisan Are U.S. Local Elections? Evidence from 2020 Cast Vote Records
Analyzing nominally partisan contests, previous literature has argued that state and local politics have nationalized. Here we use individual ballots from the 2020 general elections covering over 50 million voters to study the relationship between individual national partisanship and voting in over 5,700 contested down-ballot contests, including nonpartisan races and ballot measures. Voting in partisan contests can be explained by voter’s nationa…
Political science (19 works) · Law (17 works) · Law (15 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (14 works) · Politics (14 works) · Economics (10 works) · Political economy (9 works) · Fiscal Policies and Political Economy (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Sociology (7 works)