Robert Summers
Biographic Data
| ID | 3744279 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Summers |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Summers |
| SIGNATURE | SUMMERS R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alberta |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7511-2352 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 157 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Conceptualizing Location Efficiency
The concept of location efficiency is used in academic and gray literature relating to urban form, household location, and associated transportation costs. This paper analyzes the history of this usage of location efficiency and how it evolved into divergent constructs; it then defines three concepts distinguished by scale—household, neighborhood, and municipal location efficiency. These related yet distinct concepts provide clarity use of the te…
Evaluation of access and participation plans
We present an analysis of two current policy options to improve evaluation of access and participation work: independent external evaluation vs. in-house evaluation. Evaluation of access and participation work needs to be well-conducted, objective and widely disseminated, regardless of the outcome. Independent external evaluation is likely to provide objectivity and the right skills, but providing effective and timely feedback may be prohibitivel…
Collaboration and individual performance during disaster response
Disasters occurring in the wake of extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate and anthropogenic changes and require urgent responses under uncertain and dynamic conditions. In these situations, multi-agency collaboration becomes integral to an effective response due to the need to coordinate actions across geographical scales, levels of authority and sectors of society. Consequently there is a need for more kno…
New Nordicities for Northern communities
We analyse the construction of new Nordicities, as in new and guiding discourses for urban development which engage with a Northern location. Spatial planning and place branding are proposed as mutually reinforcing instruments to support the strategic positioning of cities located in northern climes. Planning in such an environment must take on board urban and landscape design, not merely for esthetics but as necessary tools to integrate scales o…
Choose your collaborators wisely
Responding to disastrous wildfires traversing geographical scales requires multi‐actor collaboration to address a series of interdependent operational tasks. While this type of distributed collective action problem is salient across governance contexts, less is known about if and how collaboration helps individual actors effectively address their tasks. Applying a novel network‐centric method to wildfire responder networks in Canada and Sweden, t…
Celebrated, not just endured
A winter city is any urban centre that experiences a long, dark, cold, and/or snowy winter. The Winter Cities movement is a more precise concept, referring to cities taking an active role in becoming more appealing and functional in winter, primarily through physical interventions. The movement also has a social purpose, seeking to counter reclusion and "hibernation" in winter through greater use of the public realm. The movement is increasingly …
Planning for retail resilience
Artisanal and small-scale mining in Nigeria
Queer Archives, Queer Movements
Vaginal Davis is a former Los Angeles-based visual and performance artist who now lives and creates art in Berlin. Scholarly research on her work began to appear in the late nineties and has focused solely on her live, queer, performance art. But research on her queer archives (her studio-archives and her body/self as performing the archive) is missing, which is ironic, given that all her performances come from her various self-fabricated archive…
Beer tourism in Canada along the Waterloo–Wellington Ale Trail
The Penn World Table (Mark 5)
The Penn World Table displays a set of national accounts economic time series covering many countries. Its expenditure entries are denominated in a common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time. It also provides information about relative prices within and between countries, as well as demographic data and capital stock estimates. This updated, revised, and expanded M…
A New Set of International Comparisons of Real Product and Price Levels Estimates for 130 Countries, 1950–1985
A new set of international comparisons covering the period 1950–85 is developed here for 121 market and 9 centrally planned economies. This new so‐called Penn World Table (Mark 4), a completely revised and updated expansion of an equivalent table published by the authors in 1984, draws on the data of two previously unavailable international comparison benchmark studies. This article presents a detailed description of all estimation procedures, an…
Improved International Comparisons of Real Product and Its Composition
A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950‐80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as well.
Is there a shortage of psychiatrists? Another economist's view
World Product and Income
International Comparisons of Real Product and Purchasing Power
Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries
Journal Article Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries Get access Irving B. Kravis, Irving B. Kravis University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan W. Heston, Alan W. Heston University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert Summers Robert Summers University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Ox…
Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries
Journal Article Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries Get access Irving B. Kravis, Irving B. Kravis University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan W. Heston, Alan W. Heston University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert Summers Robert Summers University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Ox…
World Product and Income
Choose your collaborators wisely
Responding to disastrous wildfires traversing geographical scales requires multi‐actor collaboration to address a series of interdependent operational tasks. While this type of distributed collective action problem is salient across governance contexts, less is known about if and how collaboration helps individual actors effectively address their tasks. Applying a novel network‐centric method to wildfire responder networks in Canada and Sweden, t…
International Comparisons of Real Product and Purchasing Power
Beer tourism in Canada along the Waterloo–Wellington Ale Trail
Planning for retail resilience
Celebrated, not just endured
A winter city is any urban centre that experiences a long, dark, cold, and/or snowy winter. The Winter Cities movement is a more precise concept, referring to cities taking an active role in becoming more appealing and functional in winter, primarily through physical interventions. The movement also has a social purpose, seeking to counter reclusion and "hibernation" in winter through greater use of the public realm. The movement is increasingly …
Artisanal and small-scale mining in Nigeria
Collaboration and individual performance during disaster response
Disasters occurring in the wake of extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate and anthropogenic changes and require urgent responses under uncertain and dynamic conditions. In these situations, multi-agency collaboration becomes integral to an effective response due to the need to coordinate actions across geographical scales, levels of authority and sectors of society. Consequently there is a need for more kno…
Queer Archives, Queer Movements
Vaginal Davis is a former Los Angeles-based visual and performance artist who now lives and creates art in Berlin. Scholarly research on her work began to appear in the late nineties and has focused solely on her live, queer, performance art. But research on her queer archives (her studio-archives and her body/self as performing the archive) is missing, which is ironic, given that all her performances come from her various self-fabricated archive…
World Product and Income
International Comparisons of Real Product and Purchasing Power
Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries
Journal Article Real GDP Per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries Get access Irving B. Kravis, Irving B. Kravis University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan W. Heston, Alan W. Heston University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert Summers Robert Summers University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Ox…
Is there a shortage of psychiatrists? Another economist's view
Improved International Comparisons of Real Product and Its Composition
A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950‐80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as well.
A New Set of International Comparisons of Real Product and Price Levels Estimates for 130 Countries, 1950–1985
A new set of international comparisons covering the period 1950–85 is developed here for 121 market and 9 centrally planned economies. This new so‐called Penn World Table (Mark 4), a completely revised and updated expansion of an equivalent table published by the authors in 1984, draws on the data of two previously unavailable international comparison benchmark studies. This article presents a detailed description of all estimation procedures, an…
The Penn World Table (Mark 5)
The Penn World Table displays a set of national accounts economic time series covering many countries. Its expenditure entries are denominated in a common set of prices in a common currency so that real quantity comparisons can be made, both between countries and over time. It also provides information about relative prices within and between countries, as well as demographic data and capital stock estimates. This updated, revised, and expanded M…
Beer tourism in Canada along the Waterloo–Wellington Ale Trail
Artisanal and small-scale mining in Nigeria
Queer Archives, Queer Movements
Vaginal Davis is a former Los Angeles-based visual and performance artist who now lives and creates art in Berlin. Scholarly research on her work began to appear in the late nineties and has focused solely on her live, queer, performance art. But research on her queer archives (her studio-archives and her body/self as performing the archive) is missing, which is ironic, given that all her performances come from her various self-fabricated archive…
Planning for retail resilience
Celebrated, not just endured
A winter city is any urban centre that experiences a long, dark, cold, and/or snowy winter. The Winter Cities movement is a more precise concept, referring to cities taking an active role in becoming more appealing and functional in winter, primarily through physical interventions. The movement also has a social purpose, seeking to counter reclusion and "hibernation" in winter through greater use of the public realm. The movement is increasingly …
Choose your collaborators wisely
Responding to disastrous wildfires traversing geographical scales requires multi‐actor collaboration to address a series of interdependent operational tasks. While this type of distributed collective action problem is salient across governance contexts, less is known about if and how collaboration helps individual actors effectively address their tasks. Applying a novel network‐centric method to wildfire responder networks in Canada and Sweden, t…
Evaluation of access and participation plans
We present an analysis of two current policy options to improve evaluation of access and participation work: independent external evaluation vs. in-house evaluation. Evaluation of access and participation work needs to be well-conducted, objective and widely disseminated, regardless of the outcome. Independent external evaluation is likely to provide objectivity and the right skills, but providing effective and timely feedback may be prohibitivel…
Collaboration and individual performance during disaster response
Disasters occurring in the wake of extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate and anthropogenic changes and require urgent responses under uncertain and dynamic conditions. In these situations, multi-agency collaboration becomes integral to an effective response due to the need to coordinate actions across geographical scales, levels of authority and sectors of society. Consequently there is a need for more kno…
New Nordicities for Northern communities
We analyse the construction of new Nordicities, as in new and guiding discourses for urban development which engage with a Northern location. Spatial planning and place branding are proposed as mutually reinforcing instruments to support the strategic positioning of cities located in northern climes. Planning in such an environment must take on board urban and landscape design, not merely for esthetics but as necessary tools to integrate scales o…
Conceptualizing Location Efficiency
The concept of location efficiency is used in academic and gray literature relating to urban form, household location, and associated transportation costs. This paper analyzes the history of this usage of location efficiency and how it evolved into divergent constructs; it then defines three concepts distinguished by scale—household, neighborhood, and municipal location efficiency. These related yet distinct concepts provide clarity use of the te…
Political science (12 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Business (7 works) · Economics (7 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Geography (5 works) · Macroeconomics (4 works) · Mathematics (4 works) · Archaeology (3 works) · Econometrics (3 works)