James R Averill
Biographic Data
| ID | 374468 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James R Averill |
| GIVEN NAMES | James R |
| FAMILY NAME | Averill |
| SIGNATURE | AVERILL J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 383 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Passion and qing: Intellectual histories of emotion, West and East
This chapter explores emotions as lived in everyday life. It also explores ideas about emotions, that is, explicit theories and teachings. In the West, philosophy and, more recently, science have been major sources of ideas about the emotions; this is not as true in China. It is reasonable to assume, however, that over time a dialectical relation exists between ideas and realities of emotion, such that each helps shape the other. The emotions are…
Everyday emotions: Let Me Count the Ways
Solitude Experiences: Varieties, Settings, and Individual Differences
Solitude may be positive or negative, depending on situational and personal factors. From prior research, nine types of solitude were identified. Based on data from a questionnaire study of undergraduate participants, factor analysis suggests that these nine types can be reduced to three dimensions, two positive and one negative. These are, respectively, Inner-Directed Solitude (characterized by self-discovery and inner peace), Outer-Directed Sol…
The Structure of Recreation Behavior
We present a meta-theoretical analysis of recreation concepts as an argument about organizing and explaining recreation behavior. Recreation activities are behavioral constructions that people build from both prototypic subsystems (those present in virtually all instances of the activity) and design subsystems (optional subsystems that adapt the activity to serve multiple goals). To explain the organizational structure of the behavior, we advocat…
Solitude: An Exploration of Benefits of Being Alone
Christopher R. Long and James R. Averill, Solitude: An Exploration of Benefits of Being Alone, pp. 21–44. Historically, philosophers, artists, and spiritual leaders have extolled the benefits of solitude; currently, advice on how to achieve solitude is the subject of many popular books and articles. Seldom, however, has solitude been studied by psychologists, who have focused instead on the negative experiences associated with being alone, partic…
Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity: Structure and Correlates
The structure and correlates of emotional creativity were explored in a series of six studies, using a specially constructed measure of individual differences—the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). Analyses of the ECI suggest that three facets of emotional creativity can be distinguished empirically as well as theoretically, namely, preparedness (understanding and learning from one’s own and others’ emotions), novelty (the ability to experienc…
The Emotions
Emotions: Here and Now, Then and There
Religions difer not only in the creeds they espouse, but also in the kinds of emotions they inspire. Any discussion of the relation between religion and emotion must therefore be incomplete and misrepresentative of some views. In this short commentary, I focus on two areas of potential controversy that I believe would profit from further discussion and debate. The first involves the truth or authenticity of emotional experience; the second concer…
Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity as Manifested in Words and Pictures
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the viability of emotional creativity as a theoretical construct. Participants were selected on the basis of their scores on a self-report inventory designed to measure individual differences in emotional creativity. In Study 1, participants wrote narratives about emotionally challenging events and drew pictures of specific emotions. In Study 2, participants completed a story about an emotionally ambiguou…
Rules of Hope
Grief as an Emotion and as a Disease: A Social‐Constructionist Perspective
This paper examines grief as an emotion and contrasts it with an alternative conception of grief as a disease. Emotions and (to a lesser extent) diseases are constituted, in part, through their relation to social systems. Recently, there has been a trend toward “treating” grief within the health care system. As this trend continues, grief will inevitably accrue some of the aspects of a disease, and it will lose some of its meaning as an emotion. …
A scale for the measurement of role-playing ability
Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion
Describes a series of surveys on the everyday experience of anger, and a sample of data from these surveys is used to address a number of issues related to the social bases of anger. These issues include the connection between anger and aggression; the targets, instigations, and consequences of typical episodes of anger; the differences between anger and annoyance; and possible sex differences in the experience and/or expression of anger. However…
Sex differences in fear of spiders
Anger and Aggression: An Essay on Emotion
A Constructivist View of Emotion
The influence of various types of control on psychophysiological stress reactions
The self-attribution of emotion as a function of success and failure1
When an act is interpreted as emotional, the responding individual generally is considered less responsible than if the act were interpreted as deliberate. This leads to the hypothesis that the self-attribution of emotion will more likely occur when behavior has undesirable rather than desirable consequences. Three experiments were conducted to explore this hypothesis. In these experiments, the self-attribution of emotion was assessed indirectly …
The influence of response effectiveness on the preference for warning and on psychophysiological stress reactions 1
Reply to O'Gorman
Individual differences in habituation: Some methodological and conceptual issues
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress
Emotion and Cognition: With Special Reference to Anxiety
The self-control of emotional reactions to a stressful film1
Anticipatory stress and coping reactions under various conditions of uncertainty
Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion
Describes a series of surveys on the everyday experience of anger, and a sample of data from these surveys is used to address a number of issues related to the social bases of anger. These issues include the connection between anger and aggression; the targets, instigations, and consequences of typical episodes of anger; the differences between anger and annoyance; and possible sex differences in the experience and/or expression of anger. However…
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress
Solitude: An Exploration of Benefits of Being Alone
Christopher R. Long and James R. Averill, Solitude: An Exploration of Benefits of Being Alone, pp. 21–44. Historically, philosophers, artists, and spiritual leaders have extolled the benefits of solitude; currently, advice on how to achieve solitude is the subject of many popular books and articles. Seldom, however, has solitude been studied by psychologists, who have focused instead on the negative experiences associated with being alone, partic…
Anticipatory stress and coping reactions under various conditions of uncertainty
Grief: Its nature and significance
Vigilant and nonvigilant coping strategies and psychophysiological stress reactions during the anticipation of electric shock
Individual differences in habituation: Some methodological and conceptual issues
Surprise versus suspense in the production of stress reaction
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between duration of harm anticipation and magnitude of the associated stress response. 2 versions of a film portraying 3 wood-mill accidents were constructed. In the short anticipation, or "surprise " version, the 1st 2 accidents occurred virtually without warning; in the long anticipation, or "suspense " version, they were preceded by 20-30 sec. of clue-furnishing scenes. Results…
Everyday emotions: Let Me Count the Ways
The Structure of Recreation Behavior
We present a meta-theoretical analysis of recreation concepts as an argument about organizing and explaining recreation behavior. Recreation activities are behavioral constructions that people build from both prototypic subsystems (those present in virtually all instances of the activity) and design subsystems (optional subsystems that adapt the activity to serve multiple goals). To explain the organizational structure of the behavior, we advocat…
Grief as an Emotion and as a Disease: A Social‐Constructionist Perspective
This paper examines grief as an emotion and contrasts it with an alternative conception of grief as a disease. Emotions and (to a lesser extent) diseases are constituted, in part, through their relation to social systems. Recently, there has been a trend toward “treating” grief within the health care system. As this trend continues, grief will inevitably accrue some of the aspects of a disease, and it will lose some of its meaning as an emotion. …
A scale for the measurement of role-playing ability
The influence of various types of control on psychophysiological stress reactions
Defensive style and discrepancy between self-report and physiological indexes of stress
Reply to O'Gorman
Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity as Manifested in Words and Pictures
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the viability of emotional creativity as a theoretical construct. Participants were selected on the basis of their scores on a self-report inventory designed to measure individual differences in emotional creativity. In Study 1, participants wrote narratives about emotionally challenging events and drew pictures of specific emotions. In Study 2, participants completed a story about an emotionally ambiguou…
Sex differences in fear of spiders
Personality correlates of differential responsiveness to direct and vicarious threat: A failure to replicate previous findings
Operationism, Metaphysics, and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language
It is argued that: (a) operationism shares with metaphysics four important features; (b) operationism reflects an underlying attitude toward language which may have undesirable consequences on the novice investigator; (c) the distinction between the context of discovery and the context of justification does not represent a sharp dichotomy, either logically or psychologically, and therefore cannot be used to secure operationism against criticism; …
Defensive style and discrepancy between self-report and physiological indexes of stress
Surprise versus suspense in the production of stress reaction
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between duration of harm anticipation and magnitude of the associated stress response. 2 versions of a film portraying 3 wood-mill accidents were constructed. In the short anticipation, or "surprise " version, the 1st 2 accidents occurred virtually without warning; in the long anticipation, or "suspense " version, they were preceded by 20-30 sec. of clue-furnishing scenes. Results…
Grief: Its nature and significance
Emotion and Cognition: With Special Reference to Anxiety
The self-control of emotional reactions to a stressful film1
Anticipatory stress and coping reactions under various conditions of uncertainty
Personality correlates of differential responsiveness to direct and vicarious threat: A failure to replicate previous findings
Vigilant and nonvigilant coping strategies and psychophysiological stress reactions during the anticipation of electric shock
Individual differences in habituation: Some methodological and conceptual issues
Personal control over aversive stimuli and its relationship to stress
Reply to O'Gorman
The influence of response effectiveness on the preference for warning and on psychophysiological stress reactions 1
The self-attribution of emotion as a function of success and failure1
When an act is interpreted as emotional, the responding individual generally is considered less responsible than if the act were interpreted as deliberate. This leads to the hypothesis that the self-attribution of emotion will more likely occur when behavior has undesirable rather than desirable consequences. Three experiments were conducted to explore this hypothesis. In these experiments, the self-attribution of emotion was assessed indirectly …
A Constructivist View of Emotion
The influence of various types of control on psychophysiological stress reactions
Anger and Aggression: An Essay on Emotion
Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion
Describes a series of surveys on the everyday experience of anger, and a sample of data from these surveys is used to address a number of issues related to the social bases of anger. These issues include the connection between anger and aggression; the targets, instigations, and consequences of typical episodes of anger; the differences between anger and annoyance; and possible sex differences in the experience and/or expression of anger. However…
Sex differences in fear of spiders
A scale for the measurement of role-playing ability
Grief as an Emotion and as a Disease: A Social‐Constructionist Perspective
This paper examines grief as an emotion and contrasts it with an alternative conception of grief as a disease. Emotions and (to a lesser extent) diseases are constituted, in part, through their relation to social systems. Recently, there has been a trend toward “treating” grief within the health care system. As this trend continues, grief will inevitably accrue some of the aspects of a disease, and it will lose some of its meaning as an emotion. …
Rules of Hope
Emotions: Here and Now, Then and There
Religions difer not only in the creeds they espouse, but also in the kinds of emotions they inspire. Any discussion of the relation between religion and emotion must therefore be incomplete and misrepresentative of some views. In this short commentary, I focus on two areas of potential controversy that I believe would profit from further discussion and debate. The first involves the truth or authenticity of emotional experience; the second concer…
Individual Differences in Emotional Creativity as Manifested in Words and Pictures
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the viability of emotional creativity as a theoretical construct. Participants were selected on the basis of their scores on a self-report inventory designed to measure individual differences in emotional creativity. In Study 1, participants wrote narratives about emotionally challenging events and drew pictures of specific emotions. In Study 2, participants completed a story about an emotionally ambiguou…
The Emotions
Psychology (30 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Cognitive psychology (11 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Emotions and Moral Behavior (7 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (6 works) · Personality (6 works) · Psychotherapist (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works)