John W Young
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3745202 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John W Young |
| PRENOMES | John W |
| SOBRENOME | Young |
| ASSINATURA | YOUNG J W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Nottingham |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 66 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Herbert Samuel’s ‘Formula’ for British Entry into the Great War
Lord Haldane and the July Crisis
There are widely differing interpretations of Lord Haldane’s behaviour during the July crisis. To some historians, the Lord Chancellor was part of a group – alongside Prime Minister H.H. Asquith, Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey and First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill – loyal to the Anglo-French entente cordiale, who supported British intervention. As a former Secretary of War, they also believe he was committed to the early despatch o…
The Asquith Cabinet and the Decision to Send an Expeditionary Force to France in 1914
The decision to send the British Expeditionary Force to France has been much discussed from the perspective of its long-term military-strategic background. Yet where the eventual decision to despatch the Force in August 1914 is concerned, limited attention has been paid to the role of the British Cabinet, which gave political approval to the step. Some historians have highlighted a Cabinet decision of 1 August against sending the BEF abroad and p…
Every Neutral State Within Reach’
Recent decades have seen growing historical interest in the phenomenon of rumours, how they arise, their impact on events and what they reveal about those who circulate them. This has included a number of studies relevant to the outbreak of the First World War, not least, in Great Britain’s case, of the so-called ‘spy scare’, which led to thousands of aliens facing police investigation and heightened fear of Germany. The focus of this article is …
Emotions and the British Government’s Decision for War in 1914
Recent years have witnessed increasing interest amongst international historians in the impact of emotions on foreign policy decisions as part of a broader movement usually known as the ‘emotional turn’. This trend is associated with findings from the field of neuroscience that cognition and emotion—rather than operating independently—remain inextricably bound together in human decision-making. Most work thus far has concentrated on American fore…
International Relations Since 1945
International Relations Since 1945 provides a comprehensive introduction to global political history since World War II. The text has been comprehensively updated to cover the period between 2001 and 2012. Discussing the World Trade Center bombing and concluding with the run-up to the 2012 US presidential elections, a new final section outlines broad developments including the changing world order and the global financial crisis. Three new chapte…
Ambassador George Buchanan and the July Crisis
During the July Crisis, the United Kingdom was put under strong pressure from Russia and the latter's ally, France, to declare it would fight alongside them. Britain had made the entente cordiale with France in 1904 and a Convention with Russia in 1907. The British Ambassador to St. Petersburg, George Buchanan, was the key figure in diplomatic communication between Britain and Russia at this time and his performance has drawn diverse comments ove…
Lewis Harcourt's Journal of the 1914 War Crisis
Lewis Harcourt, who was Colonial Secretary in Britain's Liberal government, from 1908 to 1915, kept a political journal for many years, some earlier parts of which have already been published. Reproduced below is the whole neat version of the journal from 26 July 1914, when Harcourt first mentions the events of the ‘July Crisis’, until 4 August, when Britain declared war on Germany. Originals of the entries are kept at the Bodleian Library, Oxfor…
States not Governments’
The subject of recognition is basic to the way in which relations are conducted between states: they cannot easily communicate if they do not recognize one another’s existence. The question is also a difficult one in international law because, in practice, governments often adopt a pragmatic approach when specific instances of recognition arise. One important difference in practice was between countries — including Britain until 1980 — that exten…
Conservative Leaders, Coalition, and Britain’s Decision for War in 1914
Conservative leaders may have had a decisive impact on the decision by the Liberal government to enter the Great War in August 1914. In a seminal article of 1975 Keith Wilson argued that their readiness to fight ‘cut the ground ... from beneath the feet of the non-interventionists’ in the Cabinet. Those ministers who had hitherto opposed war now recognised that continued divisions could bring the Government’s collapse, in which case the Unionists…
The United Kingdom and the Negotiation of the 1969 New York Convention on Special Missions
During 1968–9, members of the United Nations, meeting in the Legal Committee of the General Assembly, negotiated a Convention on Special Missions, sometimes known as the New York Convention, setting out the privileges and immunities of ad hoc embassies between states. The negotiation was part of a process through which the UN sought to clarify the status and rights of official representatives, so that diplomacy could function with security and ce…
Keep the Flag Flying
Keep the Flag Flying: a Diplomatic Memoir." The International History Review, 36(1), pp. 192–193
Introduction
Ambassador David Bruce and “LBJ's War”
Recent decades have seen growing historical interest in “second rank” officials who, whilst they do not play a leading role in government or political movements, can influence the way decisions are shaped and executed. At the same time, the interest of scholars in American policy during the Vietnam War shows no signs of abating. This article investigates the experience of one second rank official during the war, David Bruce, who was Ambassador to…
Polaris, East of Suez
This article investigates the little-known plans formulated by Harold Wilson's Labour government to deploy Polaris submarines in the Indo-Pacific region. The scheme was first proposed in 1965 as a response to several problems faced by British policy-makers, including China's acquisition of a nuclear capability, Britain's wish to maintain a meaningful position ‘East of Suez’ at reduced cost, and German pressure for equal treatment within NATO on n…
Twentieth-Century Diplomacy
The Washington Embassy
This book is the first study of the role of British Ambassadors in shaping Anglo-American relations during the first generation of the 'special relationship'. As well as showing how ambassadors wielde
The Summit is Dead. Long Live the European Council
In analysing British policy towards the creation of the European Council from 1973-1975, this article will argue that British leaders were supporters of the idea of regular summits regardless of party affiliation and that policy on this issue suggests that, in this area at least, British policy was consistent and positive about European Community membership. In so doing, the article will also show how the British government wrestled with the idea…
Cyprus at War
Twentieth-Century Diplomacy
In contrast to most works of international history, which dwell on particular relationships, strategies, wars or crises, the questions in this book are about how diplomacy was actually conducted. The period 1963–76 saw significant changes in diplomatic practice globally. It was particularly a time of change for Britain as the country negotiated its declining world power and joined the European Community and economic problems forced spending cuts.…
A Person-Oriented Approach to Characterizing Beginning Teachers in Alternative Certification Programs
In this article, the authors argue for the use of ecological models of development in studies of teachers prepared through alternative certification (AC) programs. Previous studies of candidates in AC programs have focused on variables that describe their demographic characteristics. An ecological approach focuses on persons and situates their desires and attitudes toward teaching as shaped by their particular life circumstances and personal hist…
A Case Study in Summitry
While summits are well served in the literature on diplomacy, the focus tends to be on specific, high-profile occasions such as Munich and Yalta or on the broad experience of multilateral conferences. Such approaches may obscure the full range of summits that were taking place by the later twentieth century. By focusing on a four-year period in the experience of a particular leader, this article provides a case study of summitry, which might serv…
International Factors and the 1964 Election
International issues are not usually seen as having been significant to the 1964 general election result. Harold Wilson made only limited references to foreign policy and defence during the campaign, while opinion polls showed that voters saw domestic questions as being far more important. Traditionally, international issues have had only a limited impact upon British general elections. But the 1964 election was one of the most closely run in his…
The Diary of Michael Stewart as British Foreign Secretary, April–May 1968
The Labour governments of 1964-70 are probably the best served of all post-war British administrations in terms of diaries being kept by ministers. 1 In the mid-1970s a very detailed, three volume diary of the period was published by Richard Crossman, after a lengthy court battle over the legality of such revelations, and this was followed in 1984 by a substantial single volume of diaries from Barbara Castle.Both were members of Harold Wilson's C…
Churchill and the East—west Detente
On 9 March, 1804, by an overwhelming majority of its few electors, the little Cornish borough of Liskeard chose William Huskisson to represent it in Parliament. Huskisson at once found himself entangled in a complicated quarrel that was none of his making, for the election was a mere episode in the midst of a long-drawn battle. Even a smashing poll was not conclusive, and with great ingenuity Huskisson was kept out of his seat for more than three…
A Person-Oriented Approach to Characterizing Beginning Teachers in Alternative Certification Programs
In this article, the authors argue for the use of ecological models of development in studies of teachers prepared through alternative certification (AC) programs. Previous studies of candidates in AC programs have focused on variables that describe their demographic characteristics. An ecological approach focuses on persons and situates their desires and attitudes toward teaching as shaped by their particular life circumstances and personal hist…
Along Ethiopia's western frontier
The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of eth…
Britain and European Unity, 1945-1992
Preface List of Abbreviations The Birth of European Unity, 1929-49 The Schuman Plan, the European Army and the Treaties of Rome, 1950-57 Macmillan, the Free Trade Area and the First Application, 1957-63 Wilson's Entry Bid, 1964-70 Entry, Renegotiation and the Referendum, 1970-79 Thatcher and the Revival of European Integration, 1979-90 Major, Maastricht and Conservative Division, 1990-97 Blair and the Birth of the Euro, 1997-99 Conclusions Notes …
What is ‘a Great Power
This article rejects the idea that a great power requires formal recognition or ‘general interests' or an inclination to ‘responsible’ behaviour. Contrary to Martin Wight, it also rejects the view that the demonstration of great military power in war is either a necessary or a sufficient condition of being a great power. It also denies, contrary to William T. R. Fox, that an ability to ‘project’ power worldwide is a necessary condition of being a…
Killing the MLF? The Wilson government and nuclear sharing in Europe, 1964-66
Winston Churchill's peacetime administration and the relaxation of east‐west trade controls, 1953–54
Churchill's ‘No’ to Europe
There are several points in post-war history at which, it is argued, Britain lost an early opportunity to enter the European community. The refusals to join the Schuman Plan and Messina deliberations in the 1950s, and the failure of the E.E.C. applications of Macmillan and Wilson, are most commonly mentioned. But some commentators have pointed to another ‘missed opportunity’, following Winston Churchill's return to Downing Street in October 1951.…
The Wilson government and the debate over arms to South Africa in 1964
The Labour government came into office in October 1964 with a public commitment to end arms sales to the apartheid regime in South Africa. Yet, less than two months later, Prime Minister Harold Wilson's Cabinet agreed to proceed with a substantial order of Buccaneer aircraft for the South African Navy. A number of factors affected this apparent reversal of intent, including fears for the security of Britain's remaining colonies in southern Africa…
Great Britain's Latin American Dilemma
In regent years Anglo-American relations have been periodically disturbed by Washington's policy towards its Latin American neighbours. Since 1973, the overthrow of the president of Chile, Salvador Allende, US posture towards El Salvador and Nicaragua, and the invasion of Grenada all have fed British doubts about the foreign policy of the United States, and led to condemnation from the Labour left, and sometimes (at least in the case of Grenada) …
Ambassador George Buchanan and the July Crisis
During the July Crisis, the United Kingdom was put under strong pressure from Russia and the latter's ally, France, to declare it would fight alongside them. Britain had made the entente cordiale with France in 1904 and a Convention with Russia in 1907. The British Ambassador to St. Petersburg, George Buchanan, was the key figure in diplomatic communication between Britain and Russia at this time and his performance has drawn diverse comments ove…
Lewis Harcourt's Journal of the 1914 War Crisis
Lewis Harcourt, who was Colonial Secretary in Britain's Liberal government, from 1908 to 1915, kept a political journal for many years, some earlier parts of which have already been published. Reproduced below is the whole neat version of the journal from 26 July 1914, when Harcourt first mentions the events of the ‘July Crisis’, until 4 August, when Britain declared war on Germany. Originals of the entries are kept at the Bodleian Library, Oxfor…
Ambassador David Bruce and “LBJ's War”
Recent decades have seen growing historical interest in “second rank” officials who, whilst they do not play a leading role in government or political movements, can influence the way decisions are shaped and executed. At the same time, the interest of scholars in American policy during the Vietnam War shows no signs of abating. This article investigates the experience of one second rank official during the war, David Bruce, who was Ambassador to…
International Factors and the 1964 Election
International issues are not usually seen as having been significant to the 1964 general election result. Harold Wilson made only limited references to foreign policy and defence during the campaign, while opinion polls showed that voters saw domestic questions as being far more important. Traditionally, international issues have had only a limited impact upon British general elections. But the 1964 election was one of the most closely run in his…
The Diary of Michael Stewart as British Foreign Secretary, April–May 1968
The Labour governments of 1964-70 are probably the best served of all post-war British administrations in terms of diaries being kept by ministers. 1 In the mid-1970s a very detailed, three volume diary of the period was published by Richard Crossman, after a lengthy court battle over the legality of such revelations, and this was followed in 1984 by a substantial single volume of diaries from Barbara Castle.Both were members of Harold Wilson's C…
The Wilson government and the Davies peace mission to North Vietnam, July 1965
The British Labour government under Harold Wilson was involved in several attempts to negotiate an early end to the Vietnam War. Such efforts helped to satisfy critics of the war on the Labour left and in the Commonwealth, to neutralize US pressure to join in the conflict and to emphasize Britain's importance on the world stage. The Davies mission, in which a left-leaning junior minister was sent to Hanoi, was Wilson's most unusual peace bid whic…
The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-1955
Churchill's bid for peace with Moscow, 1954
The Hara Cabinet and Chang Tso-lin, 1920-1
The Peace Conspiracy. Wang Ching-wei and the China War, 1937-1941
Churchill's ‘No’ to Europe
There are several points in post-war history at which, it is argued, Britain lost an early opportunity to enter the European community. The refusals to join the Schuman Plan and Messina deliberations in the 1950s, and the failure of the E.E.C. applications of Macmillan and Wilson, are most commonly mentioned. But some commentators have pointed to another ‘missed opportunity’, following Winston Churchill's return to Downing Street in October 1951.…
Britain, France, and the Unity of Europe, 1945-1951
Great Britain's Latin American Dilemma
In regent years Anglo-American relations have been periodically disturbed by Washington's policy towards its Latin American neighbours. Since 1973, the overthrow of the president of Chile, Salvador Allende, US posture towards El Salvador and Nicaragua, and the invasion of Grenada all have fed British doubts about the foreign policy of the United States, and led to condemnation from the Labour left, and sometimes (at least in the case of Grenada) …
The Foreign Office, the French and the post-war division of Germany 1945–46
When, in May 1945, the Allies finally defeated Nazi Germany and began their military occupation, no-one expected that within five years the country would be divided into two political halves, one tied to the West and the other to the Soviet Union. Germany, despite its defeat in 1918, had remained the most powerful state in central Europe and had been an undoubted great power since 1870. If anything, the fear was that Germany would revive quickly …
Henry V, the Quai d'Orsay, and the well-being of the Franco-British Alliance, 1947
(1987). Henry V, the Quai d'Orsay, and the well-being of the Franco-British Alliance, 1947. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 319-321
Churchill's bid for peace with Moscow, 1954
What is ‘a Great Power
This article rejects the idea that a great power requires formal recognition or ‘general interests' or an inclination to ‘responsible’ behaviour. Contrary to Martin Wight, it also rejects the view that the demonstration of great military power in war is either a necessary or a sufficient condition of being a great power. It also denies, contrary to William T. R. Fox, that an ability to ‘project’ power worldwide is a necessary condition of being a…
British Foreign Policy, 1945-56
British Foreign Policy, 1945–56
Shorter Notices
Shorter Notices Get access JOHN YOUNG JOHN YOUNG London School of Economics & Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CIV, Issue 413, October 1989, Pages 1087–1088, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CIV.413.1087 Published: 01 October 1989
France, the Cold War, and the Western Alliance, 1944-49
Shorter Notices
Journal Article Shorter Notices Get access JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG London School of Economics & Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CVI, Issue CCCCXVIII, January 1991, Pages 266–267, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CVI.CCCCXVIII.266 Published: 01 January 1991
The Foreign Policy of Churchill's Peacetime Administration 1951-1955
Shorter Notices
Shorter Notices JOHN YOUNG JOHN YOUNG London School of Economics & Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CVII, Issue CCCCXXII, January 1992, Pages 279–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CVII.CCCCXXII.279 Published: 01 January 1992
Differential Prediction of College Grades by Gender and by Ethnicity
Differential predictive validity in forecasting academic performance in college has been observed for a number of years. A common finding is that the use of a single regression equation generally under predicts the grades of women and over predicts the grades of minority students. This study was undertaken to determine whether differential prediction was evident for a recent cohort of students at a state university. The results confirm that the p…
Shorter Notices
Shorter Notices JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CIX, Issue 434, November 1994, Page 1349, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CIX.434.1349 Published: 01 November 1994
Britain and European Unity, 1945-1992
Preface List of Abbreviations The Birth of European Unity, 1929-49 The Schuman Plan, the European Army and the Treaties of Rome, 1950-57 Macmillan, the Free Trade Area and the First Application, 1957-63 Wilson's Entry Bid, 1964-70 Entry, Renegotiation and the Referendum, 1970-79 Thatcher and the Revival of European Integration, 1979-90 Major, Maastricht and Conservative Division, 1990-97 Blair and the Birth of the Euro, 1997-99 Conclusions Notes …
Totalitarian Language
A Comparison of Two Adjustment Methods for Improving the Prediction of Law School Grades
In this study, two statistical approaches for adjusting grades were tested on data obtained from four American law schools. These approaches were previously validated using data on undergraduates but have not been used in a study of postgraduate performance. Neither method yielded consistent improvements in the predictive validity of Law School Admission Test (LSAT) scores and undergraduate grades. The single exception was for School D, where a s…
Shorter Notices
SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CX, Issue 438, September 1995, Pages 1035-b–1036, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CX.438.1035-b Published: 01 September 1995
Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN YOUNG JOHN YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXI, Issue 441, April 1996, Pages 546–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXI.441.546 Published: 01 April 1996
Winston Churchill's peacetime administration and the relaxation of east‐west trade controls, 1953–54
Shorter Notices
SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN YOUNG JOHN YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXII, Issue 447, June 1997, Pages 818–819, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXII.447.818 Published: 01 June 1997
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