Gunnar Thorvaldsen
Biographic Data
| ID | 3767879 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gunnar Thorvaldsen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gunnar |
| FAMILY NAME | Thorvaldsen |
| SIGNATURE | THORVALDSEN G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ural Federal University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9462-7589 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 71 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Kilder og metoder for å identifisere byfolk på tidlig 1900-tall
Denne artikkelen er skrevet med tre hovedformål. For det første tar den for første gang i bruk den transkriberte utgaven med åpne individdata fra folketellinga 1920 i forskning. Arkivverket gjør denne kilden tilgjengelig i komplett versjon i 2023, noe som gir nye muligheter til å studere en rekke aspekter ved norsk befolknings- og sosialhistorie på tidlig 1900-tall, blant annet detaljert innsikt i tidlig mellomkrigstid ved hjelp av nominative fol…
The Development of Microhistorical Databases in Norway. A Historiography
Norwegian work on microdata started out with the full count 1801 census and census and vital records from around the capital. Today, most census and ministerial records from 1801 until the mid-20th century have been scanned, transcriptions are being completed, much is encoded and made available via the websites of the Digital National Archives and UiT The Arctic University of Norway. This article complements a previous publication on empirical re…
The Ural Population Project. Demography and Culture From Microdata in a European-Asian Border Region
The Ural Population Project (URAPP) is built from individual level data transcriptions of 19th- to early 20th-century parish records and mid-19th-century census-like tax revisions manuscripts. This article discusses the source material, the contents, the history of creation and the strategy of the URAPP database and the outcome of the main research topics so far, including historical demography, Jewish studies, indigenous studies and studies of r…
The Impact of Microdata in Norwegian Historiography 1970 to 2020
The establishment of the Norwegian Historical Data Centre, the 1801 project at the University of Bergen and the data transcriptions and scanned versions of the sources in the National Archives made Norwegian microdata much more available. A more detailed description of the digital techniques applied to the wealth of censuses, church records and other types of nominative data from the 18th century onwards, will be presented in a separate article. …
Vannforsyning og barnedødelighet i Tromsø omkring 1920
I 1919 bygde Tromsø kommune en demning i Slettaelva på den fjellrike Kvaløya vest for byen som de neste par årene ble koblet via et undersjøisk rør til byens vannforsyningssystem for å øke vannmengden og bedre kvaliteten på byens drikkevann. Nyttårsaften 1921 ble kvaløyvannet trykksatt i Tromsø sentrum. For å undersøke hvilken effekt dette hadde på barnedødeligheten, ble medisinalberetningene og et datasett med begravelser 1915–30 analysert med h…
Automating Historical Source Transcription
Transcribing the 1950 Norwegian census with 3.3 million person records and linking it to the Central Population Register (CPR) provides longitudinal information about significant population groups during the understudied period of the mid-20th century. Since this source is closed to the public, we receive no help from genealogists and rather use machine learning techniques to semi-automate the transcription. First the scanned manuscripts are spli…
The Destinies of German-Born People in Russia at the Turn of the Millennium
This article studies the stories of Russian citizens who were born in Germany but reside in Russia. Most of them had relocated to Russia as a result of the withdrawal of Russian troops from Germany after 1990. Analysing individual data from the 2002 and 2010 censuses, the author traces the lives of children born into the families of Soviet military men based in East Germany after World War II. Over 140,000 such migrants can be found in the 2002 c…
Mixed Marriages in Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century: Comparing Russia and Norway
This article compares interethnic and interreligious marriages in Russia and Norway during the decades around 1900. State churches dominated religious life in both countries with over 90 percent of the population but both were losing influence during the period we focus on—rapidly in Russia after the 1917 Revolution. The part on Norway employs nominative and aggregate census material which from 1865 asked questions about religious affiliation, wh…
Lenking og kobling i Historisk befolkningsregister
Historisk befolkningsregister, HBR, er et register over den norske befolkningen fra 1801 frem til Det sentrale folkeregisteret fra 1964. Det lages ved å lenke sammen personforekomster av samme person i folketellinger og kirkebøker og koble sammen nære familiemedlemmer. \n\nVi viser hvordan algoritmer brukes til å finne lenker og koblinger. Vi har funnet familierelasjoner i alle de nominative folketellingene, også der familiestilling ikke er beskr…
Anvendelser av Norges historiske befolkningsregister
Norge har et sentralt landsdekkende folkeregister som ble startet opp i 1964, og for mange personer inneholder data som går lenger tilbake. For tida bygger vi et Historisk befolkningsregister (HBR) tilbake til 1801. Målet er å konstruere en nasjonal database for også å håndtere innenlandsk migrasjon, som er dårlig dekket i de nominative kildene til langt ut på 1900-tallet. HBR bygger primært på folketellingene og kirkebøkene i perioden, siden det…
Migration and the Historical Population Register of Norway
The Historical Population Register ( HPR ) of Norway gives rise to new research opportunities on a large array of topics spanning medicine, social sciences and humanities. This introductory article outlines the contents of the register, the periods it covers, and its use, particularly with respect to the study of geographic mobility. This article introduces the articles in this issue, which concentrate on the emigration to the US and the returnee…
Emigrants in the Historical Population Register of Norway
Both the completed transcription of our emigration protocols and the construction of the Norwegian national Historical Population Register, among other developments, make an article about methods for studying emigration from Norway through the last couple of centuries topical. This article starts by discussing the Norwegian and American sources through which we can identify the emigrants’ absence from Norway. In particular, it focuses attention o…
The Three Main Western Revolutions and Their Censuses
This article considers national censuses in the US, France, and Russia based on new principles and held after their respective revolutions. The authors aim to find out to what extent the authorities succeeded in following enumeration procedures based on international regulations. It is demonstrated that a census is a dialectical process involving the state and the population, requiring reciprocal trust. France had no experience of organising cens…
Urban infant mortality and religion at the end of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century: The case of Ekaterinburg, Russia
Modern demographers analyse regional and other infant mortality differentials as important factors behind the current life expectancy of Russian citizens. Historically, however, the Russian Empire is simply displayed as one block with high infant mortality rates. Also with respect to cultural background factors, Russia is often perceived as religiously homogeneous with the Orthodox Church dominating the country. In reality, Russia has a long hist…
Religiosity from Russia to Norway: The Orthodox and the Jews in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
The article overviews the history of two religious groups which have been significant among Russian migrants to Norway: Orthodox Christians and the Jews. They are described in detail in microdata from the nominative censuses of 1865, 1875, 1900, and 1910, which are used for both qualitative and quantitative purposes. The aggregates from other censuses during the period between 1845 and 1960 are employed more summarily. Together with Canada, Norwa…
North by North-West
The research project “The Asymmetric Neighbourhood: Norway and Russia 1814–2014” has published two volumes on the history of the relations between Russia and Norway, the first of which, encompassing the period to 1917, is reviewed here. This is a comprehensive publication, covering most aspects of the history of contacts between the two countries. The relations have generally been peaceful, with informal or formal alliances both in the Great Nort…
Birthplaces, migration and identity in the 2001 census for Ukraine
Ukraine used to be one of the most ethnically mixed Soviet republics due to a high level of immigration, mostly from other parts of the Soviet Union. This article uses the sample of households available at IPUMS International to study the information about birthplaces, migration and marriage partners in recently released microdata from the 2001 census. Since Ukraine’s independence in 1991 a large emigration surplus and ethnic estrangement have tu…
A Tale of Two Transcriptions. Machine-Assisted Transcription of Historical Sources
This article explains how two projects implement semi-automated transcription routines: for census sheets in Norway and marriage protocols from Barcelona. The Spanish system was created to transcribe the marriage license books from 1451 to 1905 for the Barcelona area; one of the world’s longest series of preserved vital records. Thus, in the Project “Five Centuries of Marriages” (5CofM) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona’s Center for Demog…
Siberian Babilon: Swedish prisoners of war the 18th century
The article is devoted to the history of Swedes in Siberia from their capture in 1709 until their release after the signing of a peace treaty in 1721. The analysis is based on memoirs, diaries and literary works as well as documents from the Tyumen State Archive. The article examines the way in which the prisoners preserved their identity in exile. The Lutherans’ hostility towards the Russian Orthodox Church followers and those of their compatrio…
Masculine responsibility across generations: Living arrangements in a Norwegian parish around 1900
This article researches living arrangements longitudinally on the basis of census materials and church records from around 1900 in a Norwegian parish. We are interested in patterns of obligations and expectations between generations, and to what extent these were related to rules of inheritance practices. We hypothesize that the parity of children co-residing with elderly fathers in the census reflects expectations and attitudes towards filial re…
Three centuries of northern population censuses
The rationale behind this special issue is the improved access of researchers to census materials in northern Europe over the last decades. Social historians, demographers and other researchers can
Religion in the Census
This article aims to clarify the scope of questions about religion in population censuses, and attempts to explain why such questions were included or left out of censuses taken in different nations and periods. The quantitative aspect is a fundamental question for students of religion interested in knowing where it is possible to rely on statistics about the size of confessional groups and their basic characteristics. A common use of the census …
Sergej Sergel's Field Research in Northern Norway and Finland: Contextualizing Early 20th-Century Sami
The writings of ethnographer Sergej Sergel after his travels in Finnmark, Norway, and Finland (1907–1908) deserve more attention among western scholars. Coming from the professional ethnographic chair of learning in St. Petersburg, he gave fresh, thorough, and humane insights into the various ways the Sami adapted to their harsh environment. He had not chosen to go west in order to find the original Sami culture, but was sent there and solved his…
Using Napp Census Data to Construct the Historical Population Register for Norway
A Historical Population Register (HPR) for Norway for the period 1735–1964 will connect with the national Central Population Register for the period 1964–present. Constructed using a core of North Atlantic Population Project census data, the HPR will be supplemented with other local sources. It will include 9.7 million people, linking them to 37.5 million entries from censuses, church records, and other sources. After briefly recounting the histo…
Swedes in Siberian Diaspora
Infant mortality in the Nordic countries, 1780–1930
This article summarizes aspects of the decline in infant mortality in the five Nordic countries. During the nineteenth century, both the levels of infant mortality and its development differed among the Nordic countries. At an early date, Denmark, Norway and Sweden stood out as the countries with the lowest levels in Europe whereas levels of infant mortality in Iceland and Finland were comparatively high. Within the countries there were large reg…
Was there a European breastfeeding pattern
There is no lack of surveys showing that from a high rate of breastfeeding in the industrializing world of the early 20th century, after World War II the incidence declined to a nadir around 1960. For instance only a third of the infants in the US were given their own mothers' milk. The suckling of the new born is clearly not a natural instinct but needs to be taught and supported. Even if quantitative data is hard to come by for earlier centurie…
The North Atlantic Population Project An Overview
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) brings together complete-count census data from late-nineteenth-century Canada, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, and the United States into a single harmonized database. When released in 2005, the final version of the database will include the records of nearly 90 million people. The project will consistently code all variables across the different countries, while still retaining important national var…
Occupational Classification in the North Atlantic Population Project
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) is a complete-count data set of late-nineteenth-century censuses from Canada, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, and the United States. One of the project's most challenging tasks is the coding and classification of 2 million distinct responses to occupational questions. Using the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO) as the basis for their classification scheme, the auth…
Religion in the Census
This article aims to clarify the scope of questions about religion in population censuses, and attempts to explain why such questions were included or left out of censuses taken in different nations and periods. The quantitative aspect is a fundamental question for students of religion interested in knowing where it is possible to rely on statistics about the size of confessional groups and their basic characteristics. A common use of the census …
Away on Census Day Enumerating the Temporarily Present or Absent
The author discusses how census authorities have dealt with persons who were not at home on census day. In principle, the population could be enumerated either de facto (at the place where a person was present) or de jure (at the person's usual residence). In practice, some combination of the two methods has always been used. The author summarizes the census instructions for the late nineteenth century in the United States, France, and Great Brit…
An International Perspective on Scandinavia's Historical Censuses1
In 1901 Anders N. CitationKiær, the Director of Norway's Central Office of Statistics (now Statistics Norway) urged the holding of censuses in as many countries as possible under the slogan ‘Censuses the world over’. As we have entered a new millennium it is appropriate to take stock, in order to see the extent to which his proposal has been realized, and the extent to which computers have enabled comparative research across national boundaries t…
The Norwegian census: An international and long-term perspective
This article summarizes the history of the Norwegian census, covering more than three centuries, and the work to make computerized versions available for historical and other types of research. A number of problematic questions inherent in the origin and the digitization of census manuscripts are discussed in an international context, particularly how the ethnicity and occupational variables have been dealt with
Urban infant mortality and religion at the end of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century: The case of Ekaterinburg, Russia
Modern demographers analyse regional and other infant mortality differentials as important factors behind the current life expectancy of Russian citizens. Historically, however, the Russian Empire is simply displayed as one block with high infant mortality rates. Also with respect to cultural background factors, Russia is often perceived as religiously homogeneous with the Orthodox Church dominating the country. In reality, Russia has a long hist…
Historical databases in Scandinavia
Researchers and archivists in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway have created several databases containing transcripts of historical, nominative sources such as censuses and ministerial records. In this way they continue a century-long tradition of record keeping that tracks virtually every Nordic citizen. The characteristics of the databases differ from country to country, however, requiring different research strategies in each. This article reviews h…
Three centuries of northern population censuses
The rationale behind this special issue is the improved access of researchers to census materials in northern Europe over the last decades. Social historians, demographers and other researchers can
Using Napp Census Data to Construct the Historical Population Register for Norway
A Historical Population Register (HPR) for Norway for the period 1735–1964 will connect with the national Central Population Register for the period 1964–present. Constructed using a core of North Atlantic Population Project census data, the HPR will be supplemented with other local sources. It will include 9.7 million people, linking them to 37.5 million entries from censuses, church records, and other sources. After briefly recounting the histo…
Swedes in Siberian Diaspora
Historical databases in Scandinavia
Researchers and archivists in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway have created several databases containing transcripts of historical, nominative sources such as censuses and ministerial records. In this way they continue a century-long tradition of record keeping that tracks virtually every Nordic citizen. The characteristics of the databases differ from country to country, however, requiring different research strategies in each. This article reviews h…
The North Atlantic Population Project An Overview
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) brings together complete-count census data from late-nineteenth-century Canada, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, and the United States into a single harmonized database. When released in 2005, the final version of the database will include the records of nearly 90 million people. The project will consistently code all variables across the different countries, while still retaining important national var…
Occupational Classification in the North Atlantic Population Project
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) is a complete-count data set of late-nineteenth-century censuses from Canada, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, and the United States. One of the project's most challenging tasks is the coding and classification of 2 million distinct responses to occupational questions. Using the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO) as the basis for their classification scheme, the auth…
The Norwegian census: An international and long-term perspective
This article summarizes the history of the Norwegian census, covering more than three centuries, and the work to make computerized versions available for historical and other types of research. A number of problematic questions inherent in the origin and the digitization of census manuscripts are discussed in an international context, particularly how the ethnicity and occupational variables have been dealt with
Away on Census Day Enumerating the Temporarily Present or Absent
The author discusses how census authorities have dealt with persons who were not at home on census day. In principle, the population could be enumerated either de facto (at the place where a person was present) or de jure (at the person's usual residence). In practice, some combination of the two methods has always been used. The author summarizes the census instructions for the late nineteenth century in the United States, France, and Great Brit…
An International Perspective on Scandinavia's Historical Censuses1
In 1901 Anders N. CitationKiær, the Director of Norway's Central Office of Statistics (now Statistics Norway) urged the holding of censuses in as many countries as possible under the slogan ‘Censuses the world over’. As we have entered a new millennium it is appropriate to take stock, in order to see the extent to which his proposal has been realized, and the extent to which computers have enabled comparative research across national boundaries t…
Swedes in Siberian Diaspora
Was there a European breastfeeding pattern
There is no lack of surveys showing that from a high rate of breastfeeding in the industrializing world of the early 20th century, after World War II the incidence declined to a nadir around 1960. For instance only a third of the infants in the US were given their own mothers' milk. The suckling of the new born is clearly not a natural instinct but needs to be taught and supported. Even if quantitative data is hard to come by for earlier centurie…
Infant mortality in the Nordic countries, 1780–1930
This article summarizes aspects of the decline in infant mortality in the five Nordic countries. During the nineteenth century, both the levels of infant mortality and its development differed among the Nordic countries. At an early date, Denmark, Norway and Sweden stood out as the countries with the lowest levels in Europe whereas levels of infant mortality in Iceland and Finland were comparatively high. Within the countries there were large reg…
Using Napp Census Data to Construct the Historical Population Register for Norway
A Historical Population Register (HPR) for Norway for the period 1735–1964 will connect with the national Central Population Register for the period 1964–present. Constructed using a core of North Atlantic Population Project census data, the HPR will be supplemented with other local sources. It will include 9.7 million people, linking them to 37.5 million entries from censuses, church records, and other sources. After briefly recounting the histo…
Sergej Sergel's Field Research in Northern Norway and Finland: Contextualizing Early 20th-Century Sami
The writings of ethnographer Sergej Sergel after his travels in Finnmark, Norway, and Finland (1907–1908) deserve more attention among western scholars. Coming from the professional ethnographic chair of learning in St. Petersburg, he gave fresh, thorough, and humane insights into the various ways the Sami adapted to their harsh environment. He had not chosen to go west in order to find the original Sami culture, but was sent there and solved his…
Religion in the Census
This article aims to clarify the scope of questions about religion in population censuses, and attempts to explain why such questions were included or left out of censuses taken in different nations and periods. The quantitative aspect is a fundamental question for students of religion interested in knowing where it is possible to rely on statistics about the size of confessional groups and their basic characteristics. A common use of the census …
A Tale of Two Transcriptions. Machine-Assisted Transcription of Historical Sources
This article explains how two projects implement semi-automated transcription routines: for census sheets in Norway and marriage protocols from Barcelona. The Spanish system was created to transcribe the marriage license books from 1451 to 1905 for the Barcelona area; one of the world’s longest series of preserved vital records. Thus, in the Project “Five Centuries of Marriages” (5CofM) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona’s Center for Demog…
Siberian Babilon: Swedish prisoners of war the 18th century
The article is devoted to the history of Swedes in Siberia from their capture in 1709 until their release after the signing of a peace treaty in 1721. The analysis is based on memoirs, diaries and literary works as well as documents from the Tyumen State Archive. The article examines the way in which the prisoners preserved their identity in exile. The Lutherans’ hostility towards the Russian Orthodox Church followers and those of their compatrio…
Masculine responsibility across generations: Living arrangements in a Norwegian parish around 1900
This article researches living arrangements longitudinally on the basis of census materials and church records from around 1900 in a Norwegian parish. We are interested in patterns of obligations and expectations between generations, and to what extent these were related to rules of inheritance practices. We hypothesize that the parity of children co-residing with elderly fathers in the census reflects expectations and attitudes towards filial re…
Three centuries of northern population censuses
The rationale behind this special issue is the improved access of researchers to census materials in northern Europe over the last decades. Social historians, demographers and other researchers can
Religiosity from Russia to Norway: The Orthodox and the Jews in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
The article overviews the history of two religious groups which have been significant among Russian migrants to Norway: Orthodox Christians and the Jews. They are described in detail in microdata from the nominative censuses of 1865, 1875, 1900, and 1910, which are used for both qualitative and quantitative purposes. The aggregates from other censuses during the period between 1845 and 1960 are employed more summarily. Together with Canada, Norwa…
North by North-West
The research project “The Asymmetric Neighbourhood: Norway and Russia 1814–2014” has published two volumes on the history of the relations between Russia and Norway, the first of which, encompassing the period to 1917, is reviewed here. This is a comprehensive publication, covering most aspects of the history of contacts between the two countries. The relations have generally been peaceful, with informal or formal alliances both in the Great Nort…
Birthplaces, migration and identity in the 2001 census for Ukraine
Ukraine used to be one of the most ethnically mixed Soviet republics due to a high level of immigration, mostly from other parts of the Soviet Union. This article uses the sample of households available at IPUMS International to study the information about birthplaces, migration and marriage partners in recently released microdata from the 2001 census. Since Ukraine’s independence in 1991 a large emigration surplus and ethnic estrangement have tu…
The Three Main Western Revolutions and Their Censuses
This article considers national censuses in the US, France, and Russia based on new principles and held after their respective revolutions. The authors aim to find out to what extent the authorities succeeded in following enumeration procedures based on international regulations. It is demonstrated that a census is a dialectical process involving the state and the population, requiring reciprocal trust. France had no experience of organising cens…
Urban infant mortality and religion at the end of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century: The case of Ekaterinburg, Russia
Modern demographers analyse regional and other infant mortality differentials as important factors behind the current life expectancy of Russian citizens. Historically, however, the Russian Empire is simply displayed as one block with high infant mortality rates. Also with respect to cultural background factors, Russia is often perceived as religiously homogeneous with the Orthodox Church dominating the country. In reality, Russia has a long hist…
Migration and the Historical Population Register of Norway
The Historical Population Register ( HPR ) of Norway gives rise to new research opportunities on a large array of topics spanning medicine, social sciences and humanities. This introductory article outlines the contents of the register, the periods it covers, and its use, particularly with respect to the study of geographic mobility. This article introduces the articles in this issue, which concentrate on the emigration to the US and the returnee…
Emigrants in the Historical Population Register of Norway
Both the completed transcription of our emigration protocols and the construction of the Norwegian national Historical Population Register, among other developments, make an article about methods for studying emigration from Norway through the last couple of centuries topical. This article starts by discussing the Norwegian and American sources through which we can identify the emigrants’ absence from Norway. In particular, it focuses attention o…
Lenking og kobling i Historisk befolkningsregister
Historisk befolkningsregister, HBR, er et register over den norske befolkningen fra 1801 frem til Det sentrale folkeregisteret fra 1964. Det lages ved å lenke sammen personforekomster av samme person i folketellinger og kirkebøker og koble sammen nære familiemedlemmer. \n\nVi viser hvordan algoritmer brukes til å finne lenker og koblinger. Vi har funnet familierelasjoner i alle de nominative folketellingene, også der familiestilling ikke er beskr…
Anvendelser av Norges historiske befolkningsregister
Norge har et sentralt landsdekkende folkeregister som ble startet opp i 1964, og for mange personer inneholder data som går lenger tilbake. For tida bygger vi et Historisk befolkningsregister (HBR) tilbake til 1801. Målet er å konstruere en nasjonal database for også å håndtere innenlandsk migrasjon, som er dårlig dekket i de nominative kildene til langt ut på 1900-tallet. HBR bygger primært på folketellingene og kirkebøkene i perioden, siden det…
Geography (28 works) · Sociology (28 works) · Demography (24 works) · History (23 works) · Population (23 works) · Census (19 works) · Political science (17 works) · Genealogy (16 works) · Demography (15 works) · History (14 works)