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Alex Black

Biographic Data

ID3770447
NAMEAlex Black
GIVEN NAMESAlex
FAMILY NAMEBlack
SIGNATUREBLACK A
AFFILIATIONSSheffield Hallam University
ORCID0000-0002-5910-0108
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS21
TOTAL CITATIONS122
AUTHOR COUNT21
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1959
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX7
  • Community Protection Warnings and the practices of the preventive state

    Open Access•Alex Black, Vicky Heap•ARTICLE•Theoretical Criminology•2026•References: 31

    This article explores preventive justice through the use of Community Protection Warnings (CPWs), a civil measure used to tackle anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Through a qualitative study of frontline practitioners’ experiences, this article argues that CPWs are a preventive form of punishment, framed through non-punitive intentions and as ‘just’ a warning, while their use in practice demonstrates coercive and punitive outcomes. Draw…

  • How I Learned About Consent ”: Influences of research-based theatre on sexual consent attitudes

    Open Access•Gavin Friel, Charlotte McIvor et al.•ARTICLE•Arts & Health•2025•References: 9

    Research-based theatre is a promising medium for sex-positive sexuality education, fostering attitudinal change while minimizing traumatisation. Future work should explore long-term impacts and integrate mixed methods for deeper insights

  • Net-widening, gap-filling, and shortcut justice: The practice of Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Critical Social Policy•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 2

    Since being introduced in 2014, Community Protection Notices (CPNs) have changed the anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy landscape in England and Wales. Using Cohen's (1985) net-widening analogy as an analytical framework, we evidence how CPNs are an example of the creeping criminalisation of sub-criminal behaviours from first-wave to second-wave ASB policy. In doing so, we highlight how frontline policing bodies have lowered the behavioural thres…

  • Understanding how Community Protection Notices are used to manage anti-social behaviour attributed to people experiencing street homelessness

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•People Place and Policy Online•2023

    People, Place and Policy is an online journal providing a forum for academic debate around issues of urban policy, social and economic regeneration, housing and the labour market. Articles deal with the situations and experiences of people and places struggling to negotiate the opportunities, constraints and risks within contemporary society

  • Procedural justice and process-based models: Understanding how practitioners utilise Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) were created and introduced in England and Wales through the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014). They are used to prevent and/or require specific actions by an individual or organisation, where existing behaviour has ‘a detrimental effect on the quality of life of those in the locality’. A wide range of criminal justice actors can issue Community Protection Notices, and they require a low/no s…

  • Preventive justice: Exploring the coercive power of community protection notices to tackle anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Punishment & Society•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) are civil preventive orders used in England and Wales to prevent and/or require specific behaviour by an individual or organisation, where existing conduct has a ‘detrimental impact on the quality of life of those in the locality’. Breach of the notice results in a £100 fine under a Fixed Penalty Notice or a possible criminal conviction. To date, CPNs have tackled an array of perceived anti-social behaviours, r…

  • Procedural Justice, Compliance and The ‘Upstanding Citizen’: A Study of Community Protection Notices

    Open Access•Alex Black, Vicky Heap•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 7

    This article explores procedural justice and motivational postures theories through the lens of Community Protection Notices (CPN), civil measures used to tackle anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Through a qualitative study of CPN recipients, this article adds to our understanding of the social identity aspect of procedural justice theory by examining the impact on self-identified ‘upstanding citizens’ issued with a CPN for behaviours t…

  • Sorry, I’m dead, it’s too late now’: Barriers faced by D/deaf citizens when accessing police services

    Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Disability & Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Police organisations have been slow with regards to the integration of services which are accessible and responsive to the needs of D/deaf citizens. This qualitative study explored the barriers which D/deaf citizens face when accessing police. It considered the impact of police initiatives designed to widen the avenues through which D/deaf people can contact them including information and communication technologies (i.e. Emergency SMS Text Servic…

  • Precautionary policing and dispositives of risk in a police force control room in domestic abuse incidents: An ethnography of call handlers, dispatchers and response officers

    Alex Black, Karen Lumsden•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2019•Cited by: 5•References: 13

    This article explores the riskwork engaged in by call handlers, dispatchers and response officers in a police force control room in England. We present a novel approach by drawing on the work of Foucault and his concept le dispositif to study riskwork in policing in a post-austerity landscape and to develop the analytical concept of ‘precautionary policing’. Dispositional analysis allows us to focus on social dispositions or inclinations and to d…

  • I Will Not Be Thrown Out of the Country Because I’m an Immigrant’: Eastern European Migrants’ Responses to Hate Crime in a Semi-Rural Context in the Wake of Brexit

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, J Goode et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Research Online•2018•Cited by: 14•References: 10

    This article examines Eastern European migrants’ experiences of and responses to hate crime. Following the UK European Union Membership Referendum (‘Brexit’ vote), there was an increase in reported hate crimes against immigrants. The study focuses on the experiences of migrants in Lincolnshire, a region of England which has a significant migrant population, and which had one of the highest ‘leave’ votes. The focus on white migrants in this semi-r…

  • Austerity Policing, Emotional Labour and the Boundaries of Police Work: An Ethnography of a Police Force Control Room in England

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 27

    This article discusses the changing role of policing in an era of austerity from the perspective of frontline civilian police staff (call handlers and dispatchers) in a force control room (FCR). It draws on a symbolic interactionist framework and the concept of emotional labour in order to explore the emotional responses and strategies engaged in by staff when responding to 101 non-emergency calls and 999 emergency calls. The clash of public and …

  • Speak of the Dead: Semantic Domination and Death Taboos in Québec and France

    Alex Black, A D Black•ARTICLE•Quebec Studies•2016

    Mortuary linguistic products, such as obituaries, are carefully constructed using euphemism and metaphor to preserve cultural taboos on death and reinforce normative comprehensions of dying and grief. Because of the fundamentally metaphorical nature of both language and thought I argue that linguistic taboos not only reinforce social norms, but also place boundaries on our perceptions, conceptions, and reactions to the world in which we function.…

  • Who is going online? Results from the National Capital FreeNet

    Open Access•Andrew S Patrick, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Internet Research•1997•Cited by: 2

    The National Capital FreeNet (NCF) in Ottawa, Canada is one of the largest and most successful community online services in the world. A sample of 1,073 National Capital FreeNet (NCF) users were surveyed about their demographic characteristics, their access methods, and their levels of satisfaction. The results indicate that NCF users are not a specialized group in the community, but are comparable to the local regional population in age, educati…

  • Metaphor and performance: Thought and action in contemporary anthropology

    P H Stephenson, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Reviews in Anthropology•1991•References: 5

    Bauman, Richard, Story, Performance, and Event: Contextual Studies of Oral Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. x + 130 including chapter references and index. $34.50 cloth, $10.95 paper. Fernandez, James W., Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes in Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. xvi + 304 pp. including chapter references and index., price unmarked. Peacock, James L., The Anthropological Lens: Harsh …

  • Truths, Lies, and Equivocations: The Effects of Conflicting Goals on Discourse

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1990•Cited by: 9•References: 13

    This article proposes a situational and discourse-oriented view of a particular class of messages, equivocations, that have usually been dismissed as ineffective or even deceptive. We distinguish between-and measure independently- what a message says (whether it is true or false) and how it is said (whether it is clear or equivocal), and we propose that the nature of the communicative situation determines the position of messages on these two coo…

  • The syntax of conversational coherence

    Alex Black•ARTICLE•Discourse Processes•1988•Cited by: 3•References: 15

    This paper presents a systemic model of the syntax of conversational coherence. This model proposes that, in terms of coherence, conversations demonstrate the properties common to negative feedback systems. Thus, conversational coherence is a process consisting of a series of oscillations between periods of local coherence and incoherence, by which the global coherence of the conversion is maximized. Four experiments were conducted to test this m…

  • Political Equivocation: A Situational Explanation

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1988•Cited by: 27•References: 9

  • Form and Function in Motor Mimicry Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Human Communication Research•1988•Cited by: 17•References: 20

    Journal Article Form and Function in Motor Mimicry: Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative Get access Janet Beavin Bavelas, Janet Beavin Bavelas 1Janet Beavin Bavelas (Ph.D., Stanford University, 1970) is professor of psychology at the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alex Black, Alex Black 2Alex Black (MA., University of Victoria, 1986…

  • I show how you feel: Motor mimicry as a communicative act

    Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986•Cited by: 22

  • Reliability of the Ammons FRPV Test and the Relationship between Two Measures of Verbal Comprehension for a Japanese-American Sample

    Open Access•Alex Black, A D Black et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1959

  • Reliability of the Ammons FRPV Test and the Relationship Between Two Measures Ofverbal Comprehension for a Japanese-American Sample

    Alex Black, A D Black•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1959

  • Political Equivocation: A Situational Explanation

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1988•Cited by: 27•References: 9

  • I show how you feel: Motor mimicry as a communicative act

    Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986•Cited by: 22

  • Form and Function in Motor Mimicry Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Human Communication Research•1988•Cited by: 17•References: 20

    Journal Article Form and Function in Motor Mimicry: Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative Get access Janet Beavin Bavelas, Janet Beavin Bavelas 1Janet Beavin Bavelas (Ph.D., Stanford University, 1970) is professor of psychology at the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alex Black, Alex Black 2Alex Black (MA., University of Victoria, 1986…

  • I Will Not Be Thrown Out of the Country Because I’m an Immigrant’: Eastern European Migrants’ Responses to Hate Crime in a Semi-Rural Context in the Wake of Brexit

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, J Goode et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Research Online•2018•Cited by: 14•References: 10

    This article examines Eastern European migrants’ experiences of and responses to hate crime. Following the UK European Union Membership Referendum (‘Brexit’ vote), there was an increase in reported hate crimes against immigrants. The study focuses on the experiences of migrants in Lincolnshire, a region of England which has a significant migrant population, and which had one of the highest ‘leave’ votes. The focus on white migrants in this semi-r…

  • Truths, Lies, and Equivocations: The Effects of Conflicting Goals on Discourse

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1990•Cited by: 9•References: 13

    This article proposes a situational and discourse-oriented view of a particular class of messages, equivocations, that have usually been dismissed as ineffective or even deceptive. We distinguish between-and measure independently- what a message says (whether it is true or false) and how it is said (whether it is clear or equivocal), and we propose that the nature of the communicative situation determines the position of messages on these two coo…

  • Austerity Policing, Emotional Labour and the Boundaries of Police Work: An Ethnography of a Police Force Control Room in England

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 27

    This article discusses the changing role of policing in an era of austerity from the perspective of frontline civilian police staff (call handlers and dispatchers) in a force control room (FCR). It draws on a symbolic interactionist framework and the concept of emotional labour in order to explore the emotional responses and strategies engaged in by staff when responding to 101 non-emergency calls and 999 emergency calls. The clash of public and …

  • Procedural Justice, Compliance and The ‘Upstanding Citizen’: A Study of Community Protection Notices

    Open Access•Alex Black, Vicky Heap•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 7

    This article explores procedural justice and motivational postures theories through the lens of Community Protection Notices (CPN), civil measures used to tackle anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Through a qualitative study of CPN recipients, this article adds to our understanding of the social identity aspect of procedural justice theory by examining the impact on self-identified ‘upstanding citizens’ issued with a CPN for behaviours t…

  • Precautionary policing and dispositives of risk in a police force control room in domestic abuse incidents: An ethnography of call handlers, dispatchers and response officers

    Alex Black, Karen Lumsden•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2019•Cited by: 5•References: 13

    This article explores the riskwork engaged in by call handlers, dispatchers and response officers in a police force control room in England. We present a novel approach by drawing on the work of Foucault and his concept le dispositif to study riskwork in policing in a post-austerity landscape and to develop the analytical concept of ‘precautionary policing’. Dispositional analysis allows us to focus on social dispositions or inclinations and to d…

  • Sorry, I’m dead, it’s too late now’: Barriers faced by D/deaf citizens when accessing police services

    Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Disability & Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Police organisations have been slow with regards to the integration of services which are accessible and responsive to the needs of D/deaf citizens. This qualitative study explored the barriers which D/deaf citizens face when accessing police. It considered the impact of police initiatives designed to widen the avenues through which D/deaf people can contact them including information and communication technologies (i.e. Emergency SMS Text Servic…

  • The syntax of conversational coherence

    Alex Black•ARTICLE•Discourse Processes•1988•Cited by: 3•References: 15

    This paper presents a systemic model of the syntax of conversational coherence. This model proposes that, in terms of coherence, conversations demonstrate the properties common to negative feedback systems. Thus, conversational coherence is a process consisting of a series of oscillations between periods of local coherence and incoherence, by which the global coherence of the conversion is maximized. Four experiments were conducted to test this m…

  • Preventive justice: Exploring the coercive power of community protection notices to tackle anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Punishment & Society•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) are civil preventive orders used in England and Wales to prevent and/or require specific behaviour by an individual or organisation, where existing conduct has a ‘detrimental impact on the quality of life of those in the locality’. Breach of the notice results in a £100 fine under a Fixed Penalty Notice or a possible criminal conviction. To date, CPNs have tackled an array of perceived anti-social behaviours, r…

  • Who is going online? Results from the National Capital FreeNet

    Open Access•Andrew S Patrick, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Internet Research•1997•Cited by: 2

    The National Capital FreeNet (NCF) in Ottawa, Canada is one of the largest and most successful community online services in the world. A sample of 1,073 National Capital FreeNet (NCF) users were surveyed about their demographic characteristics, their access methods, and their levels of satisfaction. The results indicate that NCF users are not a specialized group in the community, but are comparable to the local regional population in age, educati…

  • Net-widening, gap-filling, and shortcut justice: The practice of Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Critical Social Policy•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 2

    Since being introduced in 2014, Community Protection Notices (CPNs) have changed the anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy landscape in England and Wales. Using Cohen's (1985) net-widening analogy as an analytical framework, we evidence how CPNs are an example of the creeping criminalisation of sub-criminal behaviours from first-wave to second-wave ASB policy. In doing so, we highlight how frontline policing bodies have lowered the behavioural thres…

  • Procedural justice and process-based models: Understanding how practitioners utilise Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) were created and introduced in England and Wales through the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014). They are used to prevent and/or require specific actions by an individual or organisation, where existing behaviour has ‘a detrimental effect on the quality of life of those in the locality’. A wide range of criminal justice actors can issue Community Protection Notices, and they require a low/no s…

  • Reliability of the Ammons FRPV Test and the Relationship between Two Measures of Verbal Comprehension for a Japanese-American Sample

    Open Access•Alex Black, A D Black et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1959

  • Reliability of the Ammons FRPV Test and the Relationship Between Two Measures Ofverbal Comprehension for a Japanese-American Sample

    Alex Black, A D Black•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1959

  • I show how you feel: Motor mimicry as a communicative act

    Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986•Cited by: 22

  • The syntax of conversational coherence

    Alex Black•ARTICLE•Discourse Processes•1988•Cited by: 3•References: 15

    This paper presents a systemic model of the syntax of conversational coherence. This model proposes that, in terms of coherence, conversations demonstrate the properties common to negative feedback systems. Thus, conversational coherence is a process consisting of a series of oscillations between periods of local coherence and incoherence, by which the global coherence of the conversion is maximized. Four experiments were conducted to test this m…

  • Political Equivocation: A Situational Explanation

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1988•Cited by: 27•References: 9

  • Form and Function in Motor Mimicry Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Human Communication Research•1988•Cited by: 17•References: 20

    Journal Article Form and Function in Motor Mimicry: Topographic Evidence that the Primary Function Is Communicative Get access Janet Beavin Bavelas, Janet Beavin Bavelas 1Janet Beavin Bavelas (Ph.D., Stanford University, 1970) is professor of psychology at the University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alex Black, Alex Black 2Alex Black (MA., University of Victoria, 1986…

  • Truths, Lies, and Equivocations: The Effects of Conflicting Goals on Discourse

    Open Access•Janet Beavin Bavelas, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Language and Social…•1990•Cited by: 9•References: 13

    This article proposes a situational and discourse-oriented view of a particular class of messages, equivocations, that have usually been dismissed as ineffective or even deceptive. We distinguish between-and measure independently- what a message says (whether it is true or false) and how it is said (whether it is clear or equivocal), and we propose that the nature of the communicative situation determines the position of messages on these two coo…

  • Metaphor and performance: Thought and action in contemporary anthropology

    P H Stephenson, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Reviews in Anthropology•1991•References: 5

    Bauman, Richard, Story, Performance, and Event: Contextual Studies of Oral Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. x + 130 including chapter references and index. $34.50 cloth, $10.95 paper. Fernandez, James W., Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes in Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. xvi + 304 pp. including chapter references and index., price unmarked. Peacock, James L., The Anthropological Lens: Harsh …

  • Who is going online? Results from the National Capital FreeNet

    Open Access•Andrew S Patrick, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Internet Research•1997•Cited by: 2

    The National Capital FreeNet (NCF) in Ottawa, Canada is one of the largest and most successful community online services in the world. A sample of 1,073 National Capital FreeNet (NCF) users were surveyed about their demographic characteristics, their access methods, and their levels of satisfaction. The results indicate that NCF users are not a specialized group in the community, but are comparable to the local regional population in age, educati…

  • Speak of the Dead: Semantic Domination and Death Taboos in Québec and France

    Alex Black, A D Black•ARTICLE•Quebec Studies•2016

    Mortuary linguistic products, such as obituaries, are carefully constructed using euphemism and metaphor to preserve cultural taboos on death and reinforce normative comprehensions of dying and grief. Because of the fundamentally metaphorical nature of both language and thought I argue that linguistic taboos not only reinforce social norms, but also place boundaries on our perceptions, conceptions, and reactions to the world in which we function.…

  • I Will Not Be Thrown Out of the Country Because I’m an Immigrant’: Eastern European Migrants’ Responses to Hate Crime in a Semi-Rural Context in the Wake of Brexit

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, J Goode et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Research Online•2018•Cited by: 14•References: 10

    This article examines Eastern European migrants’ experiences of and responses to hate crime. Following the UK European Union Membership Referendum (‘Brexit’ vote), there was an increase in reported hate crimes against immigrants. The study focuses on the experiences of migrants in Lincolnshire, a region of England which has a significant migrant population, and which had one of the highest ‘leave’ votes. The focus on white migrants in this semi-r…

  • Austerity Policing, Emotional Labour and the Boundaries of Police Work: An Ethnography of a Police Force Control Room in England

    Open Access•Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 27

    This article discusses the changing role of policing in an era of austerity from the perspective of frontline civilian police staff (call handlers and dispatchers) in a force control room (FCR). It draws on a symbolic interactionist framework and the concept of emotional labour in order to explore the emotional responses and strategies engaged in by staff when responding to 101 non-emergency calls and 999 emergency calls. The clash of public and …

  • Precautionary policing and dispositives of risk in a police force control room in domestic abuse incidents: An ethnography of call handlers, dispatchers and response officers

    Alex Black, Karen Lumsden•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2019•Cited by: 5•References: 13

    This article explores the riskwork engaged in by call handlers, dispatchers and response officers in a police force control room in England. We present a novel approach by drawing on the work of Foucault and his concept le dispositif to study riskwork in policing in a post-austerity landscape and to develop the analytical concept of ‘precautionary policing’. Dispositional analysis allows us to focus on social dispositions or inclinations and to d…

  • Sorry, I’m dead, it’s too late now’: Barriers faced by D/deaf citizens when accessing police services

    Karen Lumsden, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Disability & Society•2020•Cited by: 4•References: 3

    Police organisations have been slow with regards to the integration of services which are accessible and responsive to the needs of D/deaf citizens. This qualitative study explored the barriers which D/deaf citizens face when accessing police. It considered the impact of police initiatives designed to widen the avenues through which D/deaf people can contact them including information and communication technologies (i.e. Emergency SMS Text Servic…

  • Preventive justice: Exploring the coercive power of community protection notices to tackle anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Punishment & Society•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) are civil preventive orders used in England and Wales to prevent and/or require specific behaviour by an individual or organisation, where existing conduct has a ‘detrimental impact on the quality of life of those in the locality’. Breach of the notice results in a £100 fine under a Fixed Penalty Notice or a possible criminal conviction. To date, CPNs have tackled an array of perceived anti-social behaviours, r…

  • Procedural Justice, Compliance and The ‘Upstanding Citizen’: A Study of Community Protection Notices

    Open Access•Alex Black, Vicky Heap•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2021•Cited by: 7•References: 7

    This article explores procedural justice and motivational postures theories through the lens of Community Protection Notices (CPN), civil measures used to tackle anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Through a qualitative study of CPN recipients, this article adds to our understanding of the social identity aspect of procedural justice theory by examining the impact on self-identified ‘upstanding citizens’ issued with a CPN for behaviours t…

  • Understanding how Community Protection Notices are used to manage anti-social behaviour attributed to people experiencing street homelessness

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•People Place and Policy Online•2023

    People, Place and Policy is an online journal providing a forum for academic debate around issues of urban policy, social and economic regeneration, housing and the labour market. Articles deal with the situations and experiences of people and places struggling to negotiate the opportunities, constraints and risks within contemporary society

  • Procedural justice and process-based models: Understanding how practitioners utilise Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black et al.•ARTICLE•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2023•Cited by: 1•References: 11

    Community Protection Notices (CPNs) were created and introduced in England and Wales through the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014). They are used to prevent and/or require specific actions by an individual or organisation, where existing behaviour has ‘a detrimental effect on the quality of life of those in the locality’. A wide range of criminal justice actors can issue Community Protection Notices, and they require a low/no s…

  • Net-widening, gap-filling, and shortcut justice: The practice of Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour

    Open Access•Vicky Heap, Alex Black•ARTICLE•Critical Social Policy•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 2

    Since being introduced in 2014, Community Protection Notices (CPNs) have changed the anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy landscape in England and Wales. Using Cohen's (1985) net-widening analogy as an analytical framework, we evidence how CPNs are an example of the creeping criminalisation of sub-criminal behaviours from first-wave to second-wave ASB policy. In doing so, we highlight how frontline policing bodies have lowered the behavioural thres…

  • How I Learned About Consent ”: Influences of research-based theatre on sexual consent attitudes

    Open Access•Gavin Friel, Charlotte McIvor et al.•ARTICLE•Arts & Health•2025•References: 9

    Research-based theatre is a promising medium for sex-positive sexuality education, fostering attitudinal change while minimizing traumatisation. Future work should explore long-term impacts and integrate mixed methods for deeper insights

  • Community Protection Warnings and the practices of the preventive state

    Open Access•Alex Black, Vicky Heap•ARTICLE•Theoretical Criminology•2026•References: 31

    This article explores preventive justice through the use of Community Protection Warnings (CPWs), a civil measure used to tackle anti-social behaviour in England and Wales. Through a qualitative study of frontline practitioners’ experiences, this article argues that CPWs are a preventive form of punishment, framed through non-punitive intentions and as ‘just’ a warning, while their use in practice demonstrates coercive and punitive outcomes. Draw…

Psychology (13 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Political science (11 works) · Criminology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Law (8 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (6 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (5 works)

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