Gerald Friedman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3772062 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gerald Friedman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gerald |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedman |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDMAN G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7068-7889 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 89 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
The Rise and fall of American growth
Robert Gordon has written a big book. Rise and Fall is not only physically large, 784 pages, but it is mammoth in its scope, covering an extraordinary array of technological innovations and produce
Crucibles of black empowerment
While, today, Atlanta is often viewed as the capital of Black America, and Harlem the capital for the early twentieth century, a strong case can be made for Chicago as the real center of African-Am
Shuttered factories and closed politics
Additional informationNotes on contributorsGerald FriedmanGerald Friedman Professor of Economics at the University of Massachusetts, Gerald Friedman is the author of State-Making and Labor Movements. The United States and France, 1876–1914, Reigniting the Labor Movement: Restoring Means to Ends in a Democratic Labor Movement, and other works of labor history, economic history, and public policy. He is currently preparing an intellectual biography…
American Labor and American Law
Since Werner Sombart visited the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, scholars and activists have debated whether the American labor movement is “exceptionally” weak and conservative, and why. While some have accepted Exceptionalism and attributed it to the conservative values of American workers, others have attributed it instead to the power of business and the repressive posture of the American government. This article argues th…
The Labor Question in America
Labor History symposium
Shadow of the Racketeer: Scandal in Organized Labor, by David Witwer, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-252-03417-6 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-252-07666-4 (paper) David Witwer's Shado
Supervision and Authority in Industry
Labor History symposium
Pivotal Decade: How the United States Traded Factories for Finance in the Seventies, by Judith Stein, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2010, ISBN: 978-0-300-11818-6 Judith Stein, Professor of Hist
The crisis and the economists
Few economists anticipated the current economic crisis and economists continue to stand in the way of effective economic policy. Over a century after Karl Marx and nearly 75 years after John Maynard Keynes, orthodox economists continue to believe in a version of Say's Law where production is for consumption and economic crises originate in bad monetary policy. In the orthodox view, proper monetary policy is not only necessary but is sufficient fo…
Is Labor Dead
The Labor Movement has entered a crisis. Declining support for unions and for socialist political movements reflects the exhaustion of a reformist growth strategy where capitalists and state officials accepted unions in exchange for labor peace. While winning real gains for workers, this strategy undermined labor and its broader democratic aspirations by establishing unions and union and party leaders as authorities over the workers themselves. I…
Labor History symposium
This article is less of a review of the above work than an analysis and discussion of some of its key arguments. Friedman’s book has two salient characteristics. First, the author has chosen not to restrict himself to a purely comparative approach to trade union decline: instead of examining the contrasting ways in which this phenomenon has played out in a number of countries, he treats it as a transnational occurrence which transcends national c…
Reigniting the Labor Movement
1. The Rise of the Labor Movement 2. Dimensions of Decline 3. Explaining Growth to Explain Decline 4. Explaining Growth Spurts 5. Why did Growth Stop? 6. Growth Dialectics 7. Can Growth be Restarted
Labor History Theory and Practice Series
History
On Janet Iron's Testing the New Deal
Success and Failure in Third-Party Politics
The durability of a two party system has been used as evidence of a popular consensus underlying American politics. Instead, I attribute the failure of third party movements to the American electoral system. By awarding election to the candidate with the most votes regardless of the total cast for other candidates, the simple-majority single-ballot (SMSB) system encourages rational voters to vote for the lesser-of-two-evils, their relative prefer…
The Civil War's Last Campaign
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Prologue Chapter 3 Third Party Origins Chapter 4 Towards a United Insurgency Chapter 5 The Unity Convention Chapter 6 The Southern Strategy Chapter 7 Bulldozed Chapter 8 The Bloody Shirt Chapter 9 Defeat in Victory Chapter 10 The Shadow of Fusion Chapter 11 Treachery & Betrayal Chapter 12 Epilogue Chapter 13 Conclusion Chapter 14 Appendix Chapter 15 Index
The Political Economy of Early Southern Unionism
Southern unions were the weak link in the American labor movement, organizing a smaller share of the labor force than did unions in the northern states or in Europe. Structural conditions, including a racially divided rural population, obstructed southern unionization. The South's distinctive political system also blocked unionization. A strict racial code compelling whites to support the Democratic Party and the disfranchisement of southern blac…
State-Making and Labor Movements
Journal Article State-Making and Labor Movements: France and the United States, 1876–1914. By Gerald Friedman. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. xvi, 317 pp. $55.00, ISBN 0-8014-2325-2.) Get access Richard Schneirov Richard Schneirov Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 86, Issue 4, March 2000, Pages 1811–1812, https://doi…
August Sartorius von Waltershausen
238-240
The Struggle over the Soul of Economics
327-328
U.S. Historical Statistics
(1999). U.S. Historical Statistics: New Estimates of Union Membership the United States, 1880–1914. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 75-86
Labor and Urban Politics
Revolutionary Unions and French Labor
Since its publication in 1971, Peter Stearns's Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labor: A Cause without Rebels has haunted French labor history.' Rejecting the popular of French workers as revolutionaries, devotees of the period's most radical union movement, Stearns argues that revolutionary syndicalist activists were out of touch with French workers. Vigorous producers of distinctive and abundant rhetoric, syndicalists not characterize Frenc…
When Strikes Make Sense--And Why
Union Choices Affect Wages. Strikes and Wages: The Theoretical Relationship. Strikes and Wages: The Statistical Relationship. Empty Victories, Harmless Defeats. Is What You Ask For What You Get? The State Vs. Managers. Militancy and Accomodation. Schism and Steering. Limits of Militancy. Making Strikes Pay. Index
Secular Changes in American and British Stature and Nutrition
Robert W. Fogel, Stanley L. Engerman, Roderick Floud, Gerald Friedman, Robert A. Margo, Kenneth Sokoloff, Richard H. Steckel, T. James Trussell, Georgia Villaflor, Kenneth W. Wachter, Secular Changes in American and British Stature and Nutrition, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 14, No. 2, Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society (Autumn, 1983), pp. 445-481
Strike Success and Union Ideology
Scholars still disagree about why unions in different countries are radical or conservative. The differences between unions in France and America can be traced to the different requirements for success in strikes before 1914. In France radical unions could win large-scale strikes by involving state officials. In contrast, American unions, facing a more hostile government, avoided state intervention and learned to win strikes by providing financia…
The Political Economy of Early Southern Unionism
Southern unions were the weak link in the American labor movement, organizing a smaller share of the labor force than did unions in the northern states or in Europe. Structural conditions, including a racially divided rural population, obstructed southern unionization. The South's distinctive political system also blocked unionization. A strict racial code compelling whites to support the Democratic Party and the disfranchisement of southern blac…
The Heights of Slaves in Trinidad
Early nineteenth-century Trinidad was one of the most efficient sugar producers in the British West Indies with output per slave three times as high as in Barbados and 70% higher than in Jamaica (Ward, 1978; Ragatz, 1963:332). Slave prices reflected Trinidad’s greater productivity. The Commissioners of Compensation reported in 1837 that between 1822 and 1830 the price of a Trinidad field hand was 64% greater than the price of one in Jamaica (Grea…
U.S. Historical Statistics
(1999). U.S. Historical Statistics: New Estimates of Union Membership the United States, 1880–1914. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 75-86
The state and the making of the working class
Revolutionary Unions and French Labor
Since its publication in 1971, Peter Stearns's Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labor: A Cause without Rebels has haunted French labor history.' Rejecting the popular of French workers as revolutionaries, devotees of the period's most radical union movement, Stearns argues that revolutionary syndicalist activists were out of touch with French workers. Vigorous producers of distinctive and abundant rhetoric, syndicalists not characterize Frenc…
Worker Militancy and Its Consequences
Werner Sombart asks two questions in Why is there no Socialism in the United States? : Why the United States, home of the world's premier capitalist economy, lacks a strong socialist movement, and why American democracy has not led to significant reforms in the interests of the working class. To Sombart, these are the same question because he assumes that without popular sanction democratically elected officials would never act as openly as Ameri…
Is Labor Dead
The Labor Movement has entered a crisis. Declining support for unions and for socialist political movements reflects the exhaustion of a reformist growth strategy where capitalists and state officials accepted unions in exchange for labor peace. While winning real gains for workers, this strategy undermined labor and its broader democratic aspirations by establishing unions and union and party leaders as authorities over the workers themselves. I…
Labor History symposium
This article is less of a review of the above work than an analysis and discussion of some of its key arguments. Friedman’s book has two salient characteristics. First, the author has chosen not to restrict himself to a purely comparative approach to trade union decline: instead of examining the contrasting ways in which this phenomenon has played out in a number of countries, he treats it as a transnational occurrence which transcends national c…
Labor History Theory and Practice Series
The Heights of Slaves in Trinidad
Early nineteenth-century Trinidad was one of the most efficient sugar producers in the British West Indies with output per slave three times as high as in Barbados and 70% higher than in Jamaica (Ward, 1978; Ragatz, 1963:332). Slave prices reflected Trinidad’s greater productivity. The Commissioners of Compensation reported in 1837 that between 1822 and 1830 the price of a Trinidad field hand was 64% greater than the price of one in Jamaica (Grea…
Secular Changes in American and British Stature and Nutrition
Robert W. Fogel, Stanley L. Engerman, Roderick Floud, Gerald Friedman, Robert A. Margo, Kenneth Sokoloff, Richard H. Steckel, T. James Trussell, Georgia Villaflor, Kenneth W. Wachter, Secular Changes in American and British Stature and Nutrition, The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 14, No. 2, Hunger and History: The Impact of Changing Food Production and Consumption Patterns on Society (Autumn, 1983), pp. 445-481
Strike Success and Union Ideology
Scholars still disagree about why unions in different countries are radical or conservative. The differences between unions in France and America can be traced to the different requirements for success in strikes before 1914. In France radical unions could win large-scale strikes by involving state officials. In contrast, American unions, facing a more hostile government, avoided state intervention and learned to win strikes by providing financia…
The state and the making of the working class
Economics
Capitalism, Republicanism, Socialism, and the State
The Republic is not merely the name of a political institution, but the instrument of moral and social progress . . . of reducing the inequality and increasing the solidarity between men. —Léon Bourgeois (cited in Hayward 1961: 35) Few today dwell on the significance of republican institutions. In the nineteenth century, however, republicanism was a revolutionary ideology proclaiming the right of all people as citizens to control their lives. Whi…
Capitalism, Republicanism, Socialism, and the State
Worker Militancy and Its Consequences
Werner Sombart asks two questions in Why is there no Socialism in the United States? : Why the United States, home of the world's premier capitalist economy, lacks a strong socialist movement, and why American democracy has not led to significant reforms in the interests of the working class. To Sombart, these are the same question because he assumes that without popular sanction democratically elected officials would never act as openly as Ameri…
Economics
A Quest for Time
Visions of a New Industrial Order
Labor Visions and State Power
When Strikes Make Sense--And Why
Union Choices Affect Wages. Strikes and Wages: The Theoretical Relationship. Strikes and Wages: The Statistical Relationship. Empty Victories, Harmless Defeats. Is What You Ask For What You Get? The State Vs. Managers. Militancy and Accomodation. Schism and Steering. Limits of Militancy. Making Strikes Pay. Index
Regulating Labor
Revolutionary Unions and French Labor
Since its publication in 1971, Peter Stearns's Revolutionary Syndicalism and French Labor: A Cause without Rebels has haunted French labor history.' Rejecting the popular of French workers as revolutionaries, devotees of the period's most radical union movement, Stearns argues that revolutionary syndicalist activists were out of touch with French workers. Vigorous producers of distinctive and abundant rhetoric, syndicalists not characterize Frenc…
U.S. Historical Statistics
(1999). U.S. Historical Statistics: New Estimates of Union Membership the United States, 1880–1914. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 75-86
Labor and Urban Politics
The Political Economy of Early Southern Unionism
Southern unions were the weak link in the American labor movement, organizing a smaller share of the labor force than did unions in the northern states or in Europe. Structural conditions, including a racially divided rural population, obstructed southern unionization. The South's distinctive political system also blocked unionization. A strict racial code compelling whites to support the Democratic Party and the disfranchisement of southern blac…
State-Making and Labor Movements
Journal Article State-Making and Labor Movements: France and the United States, 1876–1914. By Gerald Friedman. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999. xvi, 317 pp. $55.00, ISBN 0-8014-2325-2.) Get access Richard Schneirov Richard Schneirov Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 86, Issue 4, March 2000, Pages 1811–1812, https://doi…
August Sartorius von Waltershausen
238-240
The Struggle over the Soul of Economics
327-328
Success and Failure in Third-Party Politics
The durability of a two party system has been used as evidence of a popular consensus underlying American politics. Instead, I attribute the failure of third party movements to the American electoral system. By awarding election to the candidate with the most votes regardless of the total cast for other candidates, the simple-majority single-ballot (SMSB) system encourages rational voters to vote for the lesser-of-two-evils, their relative prefer…
The Civil War's Last Campaign
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Prologue Chapter 3 Third Party Origins Chapter 4 Towards a United Insurgency Chapter 5 The Unity Convention Chapter 6 The Southern Strategy Chapter 7 Bulldozed Chapter 8 The Bloody Shirt Chapter 9 Defeat in Victory Chapter 10 The Shadow of Fusion Chapter 11 Treachery & Betrayal Chapter 12 Epilogue Chapter 13 Conclusion Chapter 14 Appendix Chapter 15 Index
On Janet Iron's Testing the New Deal
History
Political science (31 works) · Law (24 works) · Economics (19 works) · Law (19 works) · Sociology (19 works) · Politics (17 works) · Economic history (16 works) · Political economy (15 works) · History (12 works) · History (12 works)