Stephen Nichola
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3772753 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Stephen Nichola |
| NOMBRES | Stephen |
| APELLIDO | Nichola |
| FIRMA | NICHOLA S |
| AFILIACIONES | Tianjin Normal University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6770-7105 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 71 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 258 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 71 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
The turnover challenge in centers for disease control and prevention
Introduction As a core pillar in China's public health system, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) face significant workforce turnover. Using data from a certain province in China, our study addresses two gaps: the structural relationships and the combined effect on CDC turnover of salary, job satisfaction, and burnout, and, second, the inter-relationship of marital status and these factors. Methods From March to April 2024, a cross…
Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior
BACKGROUND: Health system reform initiatives have generated high-demand and created uncertain, complex practice environments, impacting the well-being, work conditions, and behavior of primary care professionals. Psychological safety is increasingly important to organizational success, particularly in highly complex work environments. Yet, few studies have examined its application among primary care professionals. OBJECTIVES: To examine the impac…
Excessive smartphone use in Tibet Autonomous Region
With nearly one-third of the Tibetan sample excessively engaged in smartphone use, targeted and multifaceted public health interventions are essential. Interventions should holistically address both mental and physical health by integrating depression support and vigorously promoting physical activity. Furthermore, strategies must be tailored for key demographics, recognizing the risks facing young and middle-aged adults, men, and high-socioecono…
Environmental inequality in eastern China
Regional catastrophic health expenditure and health inequality in China
Background: Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) can trigger illness-caused poverty and compound poverty-caused illness. Our study is the first regional comparative study to analyze CHE trends and health inequality in eastern, central and western China, exploring the differences and disparities across regions to make targeted health policy recommendations. Methods: Using data from China's Household Panel Study (CFPS), we selected Shanghai, Hena…
Coping with Covid
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health system worldwide. This study aimed to assess how China's hierarchical medical system (HMS) coped with COVID-19 in the short-and medium-term. We mainly measured the number and distribution of hospital visits and healthcare expenditure between primary and high-level hospitals during Beijing's 2020-2021 pandemic relative to the 2017-2019 pre-COVID-19 benchmark period. Methods: Hospital opera…
Structuring healthcare advance directives
BACKGROUND: Patients' treatment decisions may be influenced by the ways in which treatment options are presented. There is little evidence on how patients with advanced cancer choose preferences for advance directives (ADs) in China. Informed by behavioural economics, we assess whether end-of-life (EOL) cancer patients held deep-seated preferences for their health care and whether default options and order effects influenced their decision-making…
Impact of pension income on healthcare utilization of older adults in rural China
NRPS was an exogenous income shock that significantly increased the probability of discretionary over-the-counter drug purchases among over 60-year-old rural residents, but not the utilization of inpatient or outpatient healthcare services. Income remains an important constraint for rural residents to improve their health. We recommend policymakers consider including commonly used over-the-counter drugs in basic health insurance reimbursements fo…
Student Covid-19 vaccination preferences in China
Objective: This study uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) questionnaire to investigate student vaccination preferences for both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes. Methods: A two-part DCE questionnaire was distributed to 1,138 students through face-to-face interviews at vaccination centers in Qingdao, China. Conditional logit models were used to understand student preference trade-offs. Mixed logit models (MLM) and sub-group analysis were con…
Preferences for private health insurance in China
Introduction: There is limited evidence on the sustainability and optimal design of China's private health insurance market, especially from the demand-side. With the increasing medical cost burden on both patients and the social security system, policy makers need data on potential clients' demand for private health insurance. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was conducted to explore potential clients' preferences for a type of government-i…
The Economic Burden of Hospital Costs on Families With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Children
Objective This study estimates the economic burden imposed on families by comparing the hospitalization costs of T1DM children with and without medical insurance in Shandong province. Methods Our data comprised 1,348 T1DM inpatient records of patients aged 18 years or younger from the hospitalization information system of 297 general hospitals in 6 urban districts of Shandong Province. Descriptive statistics are presented and regression analyses …
Productivity Losses Due to Diabetes in Urban Rural China
Diabetes has a large and significant negative impact on productivity in urban and rural China. Productivity loss is significantly higher in urban versus rural regions. Further investment is required in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of diabetes in under-resourced health services in rural locations as well as in urban areas, where most diabetes cases reside. Specifically, targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management actions ar…
Empathy and burnout in medical staff
Our results pointed out the important role that empathy plays in addressing burnout and revealed that managing job satisfaction and increasing the job commitment attenuated burnout. We recommend that the government should accelerate the reform of the resourcing of different hospital levels; facilitate hospital managers to implement additional training; and support hospitals to strengthen psychological testing and counseling to reduce medical staf…
The long arm of childhood
Utilizing data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study analyzed the effect of intensity and duration of adverse childhood experiences on depression in middle aged and older aged adults in China. The mediating effect of cumulative health risk and personal factors were validated through the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. The results showed a significant dose-response relationship between adverse chi…
Longitudinal Association of Salaries for Medical Staff With Medical Service Utilization and Expenditure in China, 2007–2016
Objectives: To test the hypothesis that higher salary levels of the medical staff are associated with lower medical service utilization and expenditure. Methods: Using longitudinal data from 31 Chinese provinces for the period 2007-2016, we constructed fixed effects models to analyze the association between the salary of medical staff and medical service utilization, medical expenditure, medication expenditure, and medication proportion. Results:…
Health care utilization for patients with stroke
Significant city-specific differences in stroke patients' healthcare utilization and medical costs reflected inequalities in health care access. The fragmented social health insurance schemes in China should be consolidated to provide patients in different cities equal financial protection and benefit packages and to improve the equity of stroke patient access to health care
Multimorbidity and Mental Health
(1) Background: The association between multimorbidity and mental health is well established. However, the role of gender in different populations remains unclear. Currently, China is facing an increased prevalence of multimorbidity, especially in its disease-causing poverty population. The present study explores the gender-based differences in the relationship between multimorbidity and mental health using data from the rural, disease-causing po…
Impact of Medical Debt on the Financial Welfare of Middle- and Low-Income Families across China
Using a narrow definition of medical debt, the incidence of medical debt in Chinese low- and middle-income households was relatively low. But, once medical debt happened, it imposed a long-term financial burden on medical indebted families, tipping many low and middle-income households into poverty and imposing on households several years of debt repayments. Further studies need to use broader definitions of medical debt to better assess the long…
Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Service Use among Multimorbid Middle-Aged and Older-Aged Adults in China
(1) Background: The management of multiple chronic diseases challenges China's health system, but current research has neglected how multimorbidity is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and high health service demands by middle-aged and older adults. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province, China in 2018 across three age groups: Middle-aged (45 to 59 years), young-old (60 to 74 years), and …
Disease causing poverty
The Chinese health version of the Onyx-Bullen general social capital scale showed an adequate reliability and validity in a rural disease-causing poverty subpopulation in Shandong province, providing the first general, robust, consistent and reliable measure of social capital in China. The Chinese Onyx-Bullen general social capital scale provides a scale for testing social capital in China or for modification along the lines of the Chinese Onyx-B…
The association between protection motivation and hepatitis b vaccination intention among migrant workers in Tianjin, China
Socio-demographic, migrant-industry variables and PMT factors (severity, self-efficacy and response costs) were statistically associated with migrant workers' intention to vaccinate. Our results suggest that health policy makers should provide more information to migrants on HBV severity; inform migrant workers on where, when and how to get the HBV vaccine; tap into work organizations as a location for vaccinations; and identify migrant worker su…
China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme’s Impact on the Medical Expenses of Elderly Rural Migrants
Policy makers need to promote a two-pronged strategy, which involves controlling the excessive growth of urban medical expenses and continuing to reform NCMS reimbursements for medical treatment, so non-urban resident elderly rural migrants can fully enjoy the welfare benefits of migration and urbanization
Hospitalization Costs and Financial Burden on Families with Children with Depression
Children suffering from depression with medical insurance had higher hospitalization costs and longer hospitalization stays than children without medical insurance. While uninsured inpatients experienced larger out-of-pocket costs than insured patients, out-of-pocket hospital expenses strained all family budgets, pushing many, especially low-income, families into poverty-insured or uninsured. The different hospital cost structures for drugs, trea…
Evaluating Family Planning Organizations Under China’s Two-Child Policy in Shandong Province
The new Health and Family Planning Commissions shifted resources to carry out the new family planning policy. The aims of the two-child policy to reduce inefficiencies, overlapping authorities and excessive management were achieved and expenditures on family planning work was enhanced and made more efficient
Seasonal and Monthly Patterns, Weekly Variations, and the Holiday Effect of Outpatient Visits for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China
The outpatient visits for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients displayed seasonal patterns that were contradictory to the variations in blood glucose fluctuations found in previous studies and was also strongly affected by the holiday effect. The type of medical insurance impacted the pattern of outpatient visits
Convict Workers
State and private employers in New South Wales recognised the convicts' previous occupations, and employed a large proportion of them in the same occupations they had held at home. The women convicts - often classified as prostitutes - in fact brought a range of occupational skills equally as important for the economic development of Australia as those of the male convicts. Once settled in Australia, the convicts consumed a diet, and experienced …
The living standards of women during the industrial revolution, 1795-1820
Giants of an Earlier Capitalism”
Much has been written about late-nineteenth-century multinationals and their relationship to the transnational firms of the present, but both historians and economists have largely discounted the relevance of the earlier chartered trading companies to this discussion. In an article emphasizing transaction cost analysis and the theory of the firm, Professors Carlos and Nicholas argue that the trading companies did meet the criteria of the modern M…
Heights and Living Standards of English Workers During the Early Years of Industrializations, 1770–1815
We employed data on the heights of English and Irish male convicts transported to Australia to assess the living standards of workers between 1770 and 1815. Falling heights of urban-and rural-born males after 1780 and a delayed growth spurt for 13- to 23-year-old boys revealed declining living standards among English workers during the Industrial Revolution. This conclusion was supported by the fall in English workers' heights relative to that of…
Agency Problems in Early Chartered Companies
The problem of controlling overseas managers confronts all multilocational firms. Historians have argued that because of the extreme time lags in communication, chartered companies were unable to control managerial behavior. We argue that not only did the Hudson’s Bay Company understand the agency problem but also put into operation strategies designed to attenuate opportunistic behavior. The company used employment contracts and control systems …
Theory and history
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Male and female living standards in England and Wales, 1812-1867
Internal migration in England, 1818–1839
Male Literacy, "Deskilling," and the Industrial Revolution
Male Literacy, Deskilling, and the Industrial Revolution Man does not live by bread alone, and how successfully societies provide for the economic well-being of their populations is measured not only by real wages and per capita income, but also by standards of health, morbidity, nutritional status, and educational attainment. British workers received real wage improvements from the late I820S, but few historians agree on whether real wages fell …
Locational Choice, Performance and the Growth of British Multinational Firms
(1989). Locational Choice, Performance and the Growth of British Multinational Firms. Business History: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 122-141
The long arm of childhood
Utilizing data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study analyzed the effect of intensity and duration of adverse childhood experiences on depression in middle aged and older aged adults in China. The mediating effect of cumulative health risk and personal factors were validated through the Karlson-Holm-Breen method. The results showed a significant dose-response relationship between adverse chi…
Living Standards of Women in England and Wales, 1785-1815
Stephen Nicholas, Deborah Oxley, Living Standards of Women in England and Wales, 1785-1815: New Evidence from Newgate Prison Records, The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Aug., 1996), pp. 591-599
Male and Female Living Standards in England and Wales, 1812-1857
Paul Johnson, Stephen Nicholas, Male and Female Living Standards in England and Wales, 1812-1857: Evidence From Criminal Height Records, The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 48, No. 3 (Aug., 1995), pp. 470-481
Sharing and developing knowledge of organization culture during international assignments
This article investigates the sharing and development of knowledge of organization culture during international assignments in multinational enterprises (MNE). Organization culture is presented as a category of knowledge, and the value of this knowledge is discussed in the strategic context of MNE integration and the development of global management competencies. In-depth interview data from 21 cases of international assignments across 13 MNEs ar…
Japanese tourism investment in Australia
Human capital and the pre-Famine Irish emigration to England
The American Export Invasion of Britain
American engineering export of the domestic British market from the years after 1895. While American economic historians have viewed the as the coming of age of the American manufacturing industry, their British colleagues have viewed the phenomenon as further evidence of lost British technological supremacy. Explanations of the American have been posed largely in aggregate terms, with scant attention paid to the experience and structure of the s…
The American Export Invasion of Britain
American engineering export of the domestic British market from the years after 1895. While American economic historians have viewed the as the coming of age of the American manufacturing industry, their British colleagues have viewed the phenomenon as further evidence of lost British technological supremacy. Explanations of the American have been posed largely in aggregate terms, with scant attention paid to the experience and structure of the s…
The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy, 1815-1848
Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Revision of Post-1870 British Economic History
Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Revision of Post-1870 British Economic History
T uring the past decade new work on pOst-I870 British economic 1.growth has led to a revision of the period from one of lost opportunities to one of growth as fast as factor endowments allowed. The old view emphasized productivity failure as a major cause of the declining rate of lateVictorian growth. The most popular, although not unanimous version, argued that British third generation industrialists failed as innovators of new technology and me…
Agency Contracts, Institutional Modes, and the Transition to Foreign Direct Investment by British Manufacturing Multinationals Before 1939
This paper analyzes the transition from agents to branch selling as alternative institutional modes for transacting abroad by pre-1939 British manufacturing multinationals. A model to explain the shift between alternative modes is specified in terms of transaction costs. Agent opportunism and contract monitoring costs are the major transaction costs. Besides transaction costs, the frequency of transactions and the accumulation of market-specific …
The Overseas Marketing Performance of British Industry, 1870-1914
The Overseas Marketing Performance of British Industry, 1870-1914
British Economic Performance and Total Factor Productivity Growth, 1870–1940
British Economic Performance and Total Factor Productivity Growth, 1870-1940
Internal migration in England, 1818–1839
Human capital and the pre-Famine Irish emigration to England
Modelling the Growth Strategies of British Firms
(1987). Modelling the Growth Strategies of British Firms. Business History: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 46-64
Giants of an Earlier Capitalism”
Much has been written about late-nineteenth-century multinationals and their relationship to the transnational firms of the present, but both historians and economists have largely discounted the relevance of the earlier chartered trading companies to this discussion. In an article emphasizing transaction cost analysis and the theory of the firm, Professors Carlos and Nicholas argue that the trading companies did meet the criteria of the modern M…
The Organisation of Public Work
Introduction Men working together, not the labour of individuals working separately, accounted for much of the early economic growth and development of Australia. Gangs of men and women cut stone, worked in metal, made clothing and shoes, repaired roads, constructed bridges, carried water, unloaded ships, ploughed the fields, gathered the harvest and laboured in the commissariat store. Small scale tasks, like making nails, hinges or locks, and la…
The Care and Feeding of Convicts
Questions concerning the care of convicts, except for the detailed recounting of corporal punishment, have been largely neglected by Australian historians. John Hirst's The Convict System and Its Enemies is a notable exception, but even Hirst fails to consider the quality of housing, the nutritional content of the standard ration and the access to medical care provided for convict workers. At best, there are only scattered references in the histo…
Convict Workers
State and private employers in New South Wales recognised the convicts' previous occupations, and employed a large proportion of them in the same occupations they had held at home. The women convicts - often classified as prostitutes - in fact brought a range of occupational skills equally as important for the economic development of Australia as those of the male convicts. Once settled in Australia, the convicts consumed a diet, and experienced …
Locational Choice, Performance and the Growth of British Multinational Firms
(1989). Locational Choice, Performance and the Growth of British Multinational Firms. Business History: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 122-141
Reinterpreting the convict labour market
The convicts transported to NSW between 1817 and 1840 were young, fit, highly literate and brought occupational skills which were broadly representative of the British and Irish working classes. In the colonial labour market where convicts were coerced, more labour was forthcoming and at a lower wage than in a free labour market. The assignment of convict labour in the colony was efficient; skilled urban and construction tradesmen were employed i…
Australia
Irish Intercounty Mobility before 1840
Agency Problems in Early Chartered Companies
The problem of controlling overseas managers confronts all multilocational firms. Historians have argued that because of the extreme time lags in communication, chartered companies were unable to control managerial behavior. We argue that not only did the Hudson’s Bay Company understand the agency problem but also put into operation strategies designed to attenuate opportunistic behavior. The company used employment contracts and control systems …
Heights and Living Standards of English Workers During the Early Years of Industrializations, 1770–1815
We employed data on the heights of English and Irish male convicts transported to Australia to assess the living standards of workers between 1770 and 1815. Falling heights of urban-and rural-born males after 1780 and a delayed growth spurt for 13- to 23-year-old boys revealed declining living standards among English workers during the Industrial Revolution. This conclusion was supported by the fall in English workers' heights relative to that of…
Debating Business History
Male Literacy, "Deskilling," and the Industrial Revolution
Male Literacy, Deskilling, and the Industrial Revolution Man does not live by bread alone, and how successfully societies provide for the economic well-being of their populations is measured not only by real wages and per capita income, but also by standards of health, morbidity, nutritional status, and educational attainment. British workers received real wage improvements from the late I820S, but few historians agree on whether real wages fell …
The living standards of women during the industrial revolution, 1795-1820
Economics (36 obras) · Medicine (30 obras) · Geography (28 obras) · China (24 obras) · Business (23 obras) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (23 obras) · Environmental health (22 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Economic growth (16 obras)