David P O''Brien
Biographic Data
| ID | 3774739 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David P O''Brien |
| GIVEN NAMES | David P |
| FAMILY NAME | O''Brien |
| SIGNATURE | BRIEN D P O |
| AFFILIATIONS | Tulane University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7339-2346 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 21 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Rescuing luck egalitarianism about educational justice in non-ideal conditions
Luck egalitarianism about educational justice requires, roughly, that educational policy be arranged so as to minimize unchosen inequality in how well lives go. Luck egalitarianism famously faces the objection that it is an implausibly overdemanding theory of educational justice—especially when it is applied to educators in non-ideal conditions like our own, who are tasked with educating in social circumstances that are marred by the effects of p…
Why It Matters That Some Are Worse Off Than Those Who Could Have Existed
Egalitarianism and prioritarianism are competing views about the ethics of distribution. Both views have wide scopes of concern. But, writing in this journal, Michael Otsuka has discovered a case that seems to show an interesting asymmetry between the limits of egalitarian and prioritarian concern. In that case, intuitively one outcome is better than another (in a respect relevant to the ethics of distribution); prioritarianism can recover that i…
Fairness, autonomy, and a right to higher education
In The Right to Higher Education , Christopher Martin develops a powerful, autonomy-based argument that there is a moral right to access to higher education. I raise three concerns about whether this argument succeeds. The first is a concern about the conception of autonomy at the heart of Martin’s argument; the second is a concern about possible overgeneralizations of the argument; and the third is a concern about whether Martin’s view is conson…
Fairness, Care, and Abortion
Only women can bear the burdens of gestating fetuses. That fact, I suggest, bears on the morality of abortion. To illustrate and explain this point, I frame my discussion around Judith Jarvis Thomson's classic defense of abortion and Gina Schouten's recent feminist challenge to Thomson's defense. Thomson argued that, even assuming that fetuses are morally equivalent to persons, abortions are typically morally permissible. According to Schouten's …
Conservatism Reconsidered
G. A. Cohen has argued that there is a surprising truth in conservatism—namely, that there is a reason for some valuable things to be preserved, even if they could be replaced with other, more valuable things. This conservative thesis is motivated, Cohen suggests, by our judgments about a range of hypothetical cases. After reconstructing Cohen's conservative thesis, I argue that the relevant judgments about these cases do not favor the conservati…
Children, Partiality, and Equality
It is a precept of commonsense morality that parents have permissions to be partial toward their own children in various ways: they are permitted to act in a variety of ways that favor the interests of (only) their own children. But how are such permissions to be reconciled with more general principles of justice? In this article, I discuss this question as it arises for one kind of liberal egalitarian theory of justice. Given their robust commit…
Egalitarian Machine Learning
Contested incrementalism: Elemental's Quinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on
Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern Chile. Neighbors' complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner's death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the settlement. From 2003, a government social housing project was coordinated by the “Elemental” architecture firm with US$10,000 per household. With the re…
T. M. Scanlon, Why Does Inequality Matter? (Oxford: (Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 192
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Wrongfulness rewarded: A normative paradox
Incremental housing: Harnessing informality at Villa Verde
Purpose This paper analyses the incremental housing process developed at Villa Verde, a housing project designed by the Chilean architecture firm Elemental, whose director Alejandro Aravena received the Pritzker Prize in 2016. This project is conceived within a social housing framework and designed as an affordable “half-house” to be incrementally extended by the owners. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on research undertaken in Au…
Inequality: Do Not Disperse
Many egalitarians incorporate a concern for interpersonal welfare inequality as part of their favored axiology – that is, they take it to be a bad-making feature of outcomes. It is natural to think that, if inequality is in this sense a bad, it is an impersonal bad (one that makes an outcome worse, while not in itself being worse for any person). This natural thought has been challenged. Some writers claim that egalitarian judgments can be accomm…
The Unit and Currency of Egalitarian Concern
According to (welfarist) telic egalitarianism, it is, in one respect, noninstrumentally bad if some people are unfairly worse off than others. This paper is about two ambiguities in telic egalitarianism. The first ambiguity concerns the so-called temporal unit of egalitarian concern (McKerlie 1989; Temkin 1993). This is the question of whether inequality during whole lives, inequality during certain segments of lives, or some combination of these…
Cultural policy as rhetoric and reality: A comparative analysis of policy making in the peripheral north of England
Any understanding of the relationship between place and cultural policy has largely been lost as part of a rhetorical critique of a neo-liberal regeneration which has, in turn, undermined the disciplinary basis of cultural policy. This has had particular consequences for our understanding of the impact of cultural policy in the peripheral north of England. Despite the political realities of geographical peripherality that still persist today, the…
Her Worship: Hazel McCallion and the Development of Mississauga By TOM Urbaniak
Toronto : University of Toronto Press , 2009 . Pp. 336 , bibliographical references, index. Tom Urbaniak tackles a difficult and complex subject, the relationship between development in Mississauga and Hazel McCallion, together with the resulting effect on Mississauga's growth. His challenge is difficult because the McCallion era in Mississauga politics is in fact the period of massive pressure for development of the city, and complex because of …
Raciocínio dedutivo e lógica mental
Nos últimos anos, tem havido muito debate acerca da existência ou não de uma lógica mental. Essa idéia tem sofrido inúmeros ataques, tanto por estudiosos que acreditam que todo raciocínio decorre de modelos mentais (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1993), como por aqueles que defendem que o raciocínio humano é dependente do conteúdo (Holyoak & Cheng, 1995). Essa controvérsia invadiu revistas internacionais como Psychological Review, Behavioral and Br…
Sobre o debate freqüentista versus probabilista: "Sorte De Tolo" Torna-Se Uma Explicação Plausível
Um debate entre Kahneman e colaboradores por um lado, e Gigerenzer e colaboradores e Cosmides e colaboradores por outro, tem ocorrido na área de raciocínio sobre probabilidades condicionais. Kahneman e Tversky propuseram que as pessoas tipicamente representam informações em termos de exemplos individuais, e, então, elas fazem julgamentos usando processos de raciocínio que se baseiam em tais exemplos. Cosmides e colaboradores, entretanto, propuser…
A lógica da suposição e a compreensão do faz-de- conta por parte das crianças
Os estudos sobre a teoria da lógica mental para o raciocínio condicional não revelam se crianças fazem julgamentos que são consistentes com o procedimento semântico dessa teoria para se. Foram realizados dois experimentos com crianças de seis a 11 anos e adultos universitários brasileiros e norte-americanos. Os mesmos foram apresentados a problemas silogísticos de diferentes formas. Os resultados mostram que crianças em idade escolar, como também…
The Spirit in First-Century JudaismLevisonJohn R. The Spirit in First-Century Judaism E. J. BrillLeiden/New York/Köln, 1997, xiv, 302
Moral heteronomy in context: Interviewer influence in New York City and Recife, Brazil
This chapter discusses the influence of the interviewer on children's moral judgment decisions, deriving from studies in New York City and Recife, Brazil. Interviewer influence is discussed in terms of the concept of heteronomy, teacher-child relations, and cognitive uncertainty
Sexual Re(X)pression in the USA: Somewhere between Pornutopia and the Land of Puritans
Où en est-on aujourd'hui, trente ans après la « révolution sexuelle » ? Dans une grande confusion, due en partie à l'alliance « objective » entre la droite chrétienne et les féministes « néo-libérales » appelées par leur critiques les « néo-victoriennes ». S'opposent à elles les féministes « libertaires », y compris les plus radicales, qui vont jusqu' à défendre la pornographie et la prostitution. Le récent rapport Sex in America n'a fait qu' ajo…
Governing for the Common Wealth? the world Bank's Approach to Poverty and Governance
Two important policy initiatives which the World Bank has been promoting since 1989, good governance and poverty reduction, represent an important policy opportunity – to enhance the accountability of governments to the poor. However, these two policy agendas have by and large avoided addressing power issues behind distributional inequities. Concerns about the efficiency and accountability of public institutions in the Governance agenda seem to b…
Human Reasoning is Both Logical and Pragmatic
Although several prominent critics have argued against any significant role for a logical or mathematical competence in human reasoning, we argue that such a competence is basic. Our approach to logical reasoning consists of (a) a basic set of inference schémas for logical particles such as if, and, not, and or that accounts for competence, (b) a reasoning program that implements them, and (c) a set of independently motivated pragmatic principles…
The Household of Faith: Roman Catholic Devotions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America. Ann Taves
Form and content in the development of deductive reasoning
Cultural policy as rhetoric and reality: A comparative analysis of policy making in the peripheral north of England
Any understanding of the relationship between place and cultural policy has largely been lost as part of a rhetorical critique of a neo-liberal regeneration which has, in turn, undermined the disciplinary basis of cultural policy. This has had particular consequences for our understanding of the impact of cultural policy in the peripheral north of England. Despite the political realities of geographical peripherality that still persist today, the…
Governing for the Common Wealth? the world Bank's Approach to Poverty and Governance
Two important policy initiatives which the World Bank has been promoting since 1989, good governance and poverty reduction, represent an important policy opportunity – to enhance the accountability of governments to the poor. However, these two policy agendas have by and large avoided addressing power issues behind distributional inequities. Concerns about the efficiency and accountability of public institutions in the Governance agenda seem to b…
Form and content in the development of deductive reasoning
Developmental and individual differences in conditional reasoning: The role of contradiction training and cognitive style
Previous research has suggested that logical competence may not always be reflected in task performances but is influenced by various moderator variables that affect the actual application of competence. The present research examines the development of conditional reasoning from the perspective of a competencemoderator-performance approach (Overton, 1985; Overton & Newman, 1982). The effects of task interpretation and cognitive style as moderator…
Egalitarian Machine Learning
Abstracts of presentations at the Psycholinguistics Circle of New York, 1984?1985
Developmental and individual differences in conditional reasoning: The role of contradiction training and cognitive style
Previous research has suggested that logical competence may not always be reflected in task performances but is influenced by various moderator variables that affect the actual application of competence. The present research examines the development of conditional reasoning from the perspective of a competencemoderator-performance approach (Overton, 1985; Overton & Newman, 1982). The effects of task interpretation and cognitive style as moderator…
Abstracts of presentations at the Psycholinguistics Circle of New York, 1985?1986
Form and content in the development of deductive reasoning
The Household of Faith: Roman Catholic Devotions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America. Ann Taves
Human Reasoning is Both Logical and Pragmatic
Although several prominent critics have argued against any significant role for a logical or mathematical competence in human reasoning, we argue that such a competence is basic. Our approach to logical reasoning consists of (a) a basic set of inference schémas for logical particles such as if, and, not, and or that accounts for competence, (b) a reasoning program that implements them, and (c) a set of independently motivated pragmatic principles…
Governing for the Common Wealth? the world Bank's Approach to Poverty and Governance
Two important policy initiatives which the World Bank has been promoting since 1989, good governance and poverty reduction, represent an important policy opportunity – to enhance the accountability of governments to the poor. However, these two policy agendas have by and large avoided addressing power issues behind distributional inequities. Concerns about the efficiency and accountability of public institutions in the Governance agenda seem to b…
Sexual Re(X)pression in the USA: Somewhere between Pornutopia and the Land of Puritans
Où en est-on aujourd'hui, trente ans après la « révolution sexuelle » ? Dans une grande confusion, due en partie à l'alliance « objective » entre la droite chrétienne et les féministes « néo-libérales » appelées par leur critiques les « néo-victoriennes ». S'opposent à elles les féministes « libertaires », y compris les plus radicales, qui vont jusqu' à défendre la pornographie et la prostitution. Le récent rapport Sex in America n'a fait qu' ajo…
Moral heteronomy in context: Interviewer influence in New York City and Recife, Brazil
This chapter discusses the influence of the interviewer on children's moral judgment decisions, deriving from studies in New York City and Recife, Brazil. Interviewer influence is discussed in terms of the concept of heteronomy, teacher-child relations, and cognitive uncertainty
The Spirit in First-Century JudaismLevisonJohn R. The Spirit in First-Century Judaism E. J. BrillLeiden/New York/Köln, 1997, xiv, 302
A lógica da suposição e a compreensão do faz-de- conta por parte das crianças
Os estudos sobre a teoria da lógica mental para o raciocínio condicional não revelam se crianças fazem julgamentos que são consistentes com o procedimento semântico dessa teoria para se. Foram realizados dois experimentos com crianças de seis a 11 anos e adultos universitários brasileiros e norte-americanos. Os mesmos foram apresentados a problemas silogísticos de diferentes formas. Os resultados mostram que crianças em idade escolar, como também…
Raciocínio dedutivo e lógica mental
Nos últimos anos, tem havido muito debate acerca da existência ou não de uma lógica mental. Essa idéia tem sofrido inúmeros ataques, tanto por estudiosos que acreditam que todo raciocínio decorre de modelos mentais (e.g., Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1993), como por aqueles que defendem que o raciocínio humano é dependente do conteúdo (Holyoak & Cheng, 1995). Essa controvérsia invadiu revistas internacionais como Psychological Review, Behavioral and Br…
Sobre o debate freqüentista versus probabilista: "Sorte De Tolo" Torna-Se Uma Explicação Plausível
Um debate entre Kahneman e colaboradores por um lado, e Gigerenzer e colaboradores e Cosmides e colaboradores por outro, tem ocorrido na área de raciocínio sobre probabilidades condicionais. Kahneman e Tversky propuseram que as pessoas tipicamente representam informações em termos de exemplos individuais, e, então, elas fazem julgamentos usando processos de raciocínio que se baseiam em tais exemplos. Cosmides e colaboradores, entretanto, propuser…
Her Worship: Hazel McCallion and the Development of Mississauga By TOM Urbaniak
Toronto : University of Toronto Press , 2009 . Pp. 336 , bibliographical references, index. Tom Urbaniak tackles a difficult and complex subject, the relationship between development in Mississauga and Hazel McCallion, together with the resulting effect on Mississauga's growth. His challenge is difficult because the McCallion era in Mississauga politics is in fact the period of massive pressure for development of the city, and complex because of …
Cultural policy as rhetoric and reality: A comparative analysis of policy making in the peripheral north of England
Any understanding of the relationship between place and cultural policy has largely been lost as part of a rhetorical critique of a neo-liberal regeneration which has, in turn, undermined the disciplinary basis of cultural policy. This has had particular consequences for our understanding of the impact of cultural policy in the peripheral north of England. Despite the political realities of geographical peripherality that still persist today, the…
The Unit and Currency of Egalitarian Concern
According to (welfarist) telic egalitarianism, it is, in one respect, noninstrumentally bad if some people are unfairly worse off than others. This paper is about two ambiguities in telic egalitarianism. The first ambiguity concerns the so-called temporal unit of egalitarian concern (McKerlie 1989; Temkin 1993). This is the question of whether inequality during whole lives, inequality during certain segments of lives, or some combination of these…
Incremental housing: Harnessing informality at Villa Verde
Purpose This paper analyses the incremental housing process developed at Villa Verde, a housing project designed by the Chilean architecture firm Elemental, whose director Alejandro Aravena received the Pritzker Prize in 2016. This project is conceived within a social housing framework and designed as an affordable “half-house” to be incrementally extended by the owners. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on research undertaken in Au…
Inequality: Do Not Disperse
Many egalitarians incorporate a concern for interpersonal welfare inequality as part of their favored axiology – that is, they take it to be a bad-making feature of outcomes. It is natural to think that, if inequality is in this sense a bad, it is an impersonal bad (one that makes an outcome worse, while not in itself being worse for any person). This natural thought has been challenged. Some writers claim that egalitarian judgments can be accomm…
Contested incrementalism: Elemental's Quinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on
Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern Chile. Neighbors' complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner's death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the settlement. From 2003, a government social housing project was coordinated by the “Elemental” architecture firm with US$10,000 per household. With the re…
T. M. Scanlon, Why Does Inequality Matter? (Oxford: (Oxford University Press, 2018), pp. 192
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Wrongfulness rewarded: A normative paradox
Conservatism Reconsidered
G. A. Cohen has argued that there is a surprising truth in conservatism—namely, that there is a reason for some valuable things to be preserved, even if they could be replaced with other, more valuable things. This conservative thesis is motivated, Cohen suggests, by our judgments about a range of hypothetical cases. After reconstructing Cohen's conservative thesis, I argue that the relevant judgments about these cases do not favor the conservati…
Children, Partiality, and Equality
It is a precept of commonsense morality that parents have permissions to be partial toward their own children in various ways: they are permitted to act in a variety of ways that favor the interests of (only) their own children. But how are such permissions to be reconciled with more general principles of justice? In this article, I discuss this question as it arises for one kind of liberal egalitarian theory of justice. Given their robust commit…
Egalitarian Machine Learning
Fairness, autonomy, and a right to higher education
In The Right to Higher Education , Christopher Martin develops a powerful, autonomy-based argument that there is a moral right to access to higher education. I raise three concerns about whether this argument succeeds. The first is a concern about the conception of autonomy at the heart of Martin’s argument; the second is a concern about possible overgeneralizations of the argument; and the third is a concern about whether Martin’s view is conson…
Philosophy (15 works) · Psychology (15 works) · Political science (14 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Law (12 works) · Political Philosophy and Ethics (8 works) · Economics (7 works) · Epistemology (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Law (6 works)