Daniel Hart
Biographic Data
| ID | 3782009 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel Hart |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel |
| FAMILY NAME | Hart |
| SIGNATURE | HART D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0009-0007-1207-7629 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 234 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Reconsidering the Minimum Voting Age in the United States
Several U.S. states have proposed bills to lower the minimum local and national voting age to 16 years. Legislators and the public often reference political philosophy, attitudes about the capabilities of teenagers, or past precedent as evidence to support or oppose changing the voting age. Dissenters to changing the voting age are primarily concerned with whether 16- and 17-year-olds have sufficient political maturity to vote, including adequate…
Early Detection of Severe Functional Impairment Among Adolescents With Major Depression Using Logistic Classifier
Machine learning is about finding patterns and making predictions from raw data. In this study, we aimed to achieve two goals by utilizing the modern logistic regression model as a statistical tool and classifier. First, we analyzed the associations between Major Depressive Episode with Severe Impairment (MDESI) in adolescents with a list of broadly defined sociodemographic characteristics. Using findings from the logistic model, the second and u…
Renewing Democracy in Young America
This book suggests that youth civic development should be promoted by providing young people with opportunities to participate in community life. make four arguments. The first of these is that youth can be part of the solution to the problems of contemporary American democracy . The book then summarizes what political scientists say about contemporary politics and the systemic ills that have allowed ideological polarization to stymie the democra…
Education for Citizenship
Schools are historically viewed as the institution responsible for inculcating civic virtue. Surprisingly, there is little research to indicate that traditional civics education substantially increases civics knowledge, interest in politics, or later political participation. We explore reasons for the failure of traditional civics education to fulfill its aims, identify steps necessary to improve civics education in schools, and argue that effect…
Youth and Opportunity
Characterizing historical cohorts as endowed with distinctive features arising from broad historical forces is useful for some analytic purposes but obscures important differences among individuals in a cohort as well as the openness to change. Today’s young people—the millennials—are stereotyped as uninterested in work and traditional political activity. We review research that illuminates the responsiveness of youth to occupational and civic op…
Informative and Inspirational Contributions of Exemplar Studies
The authors of this volume showcase the unique insights that can be gained from examining the lives of exemplars. For example, as individuals who stand out for living reflective, ethical lives, exemplars can reveal the human capacity to behave in exceptional ways despite most people's tendency to not exhibit these behaviors. The authors also discuss various advantages of the exemplar approach relative to the typical methods employed by social sci…
The association of individual characteristics and neighborhood poverty on the dental care of American adolescents
The findings from this study indicate that neighborhoods influence dental care utilization patterns in adolescents
Differential susceptibility and the early development of aggression
The purpose of the current study was to predict the development of aggressive behavior from young children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and environmental quality. In a longitudinal sample of 213 children, baseline RSA, RSA suppression in response to a film of crying babies, and a composite measure of environmental quality (incorporating socioeconomic status and marital adjustment) were measured, and parent-reported aggression was assessed…
Growing Social Inequalities in Youth Civic Engagement? Evidence from the National Election Study
Social class differences in civic engagement persist for both youth and adults. Although empirical evidence is mixed, several recent social changes pertaining to youth suggest that social inequalities in civic engagement may be growing over time for young people. Using data from the National Election Study, we compared trends for youth and older adults of varying education levels and tested the hypothesis of an increasing educational disparity in…
Civic Identity
American Sixteen- and Seventeen-Year-Olds Are Ready to Vote
American 16- and 17-year-olds ought to be allowed to vote in state and national elections. This claim rests upon a line of argument that begins with an exegesis of legal and philosophical notions of citizenship that identify core qualities of citizenship: membership, concern for rights, and participation in society. Each of these qualities is present in rudimentary form in childhood and adolescence. Analyses of national survey data demonstrate th…
Interactions Between Maoa Genotype and Receipt of Public Assistance
Response to stress is determined in part by genetically-influenced regulation of the monoamine system. We examined the interaction of a stressor (receipt of public assistance) and a gene regulating the monoamine system (MAOA) in the prediction of change in adolescent depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI). Participants were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (AddHealth) genetically-informative subsample. We foc…
The moderating effect of self-concept valence on the relationship between self-focused attention and mood
The association of neighborhood poverty with personality change in childhood
The child sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n.d.) was analyzed to examine the relation of undesirable personality change in early childhood to neighborhood economic deprivation. Participants in the survey who had complete data at Time 1 (3-4 years of age) and Time 2 (5-6 years of age) and who remained in the same neighborhood during both time periods were included in the analyses. The results indicated that neighborhood economi…
Psychological and social-structural influences on commitment to volunteering
High School Community Service as a Predictor of Adult Voting and Volunteering
The influences of high school community service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required community service in high school were strong predictors of adult voting and volunteering. In addition, involvement in high school extracurricular activi…
The Influence of Family Political Discussion on Youth Civic Development
Evidence suggesting that the growth of civic roots in adolescence may be crucial to the long-term development of citizenship has stimulated research into factors that might influence civic development during this time. One interesting finding to emerge from that exploration is the apparent importance of discussion to the development of civic competence. Adolescents who discuss politics and current events with their parents, peers, or teachers ten…
Adding Identity to the Moral Domain
Moral Development in Adolescence
Themes in the papers in this special issue of the JRA on moral development are identified. We discuss the intersection of moral development research with policy concerns, the distinctive qualities of moral life in adolescence that warrant investigation, the multiple connotations of “moral,” the methods typical of moral development research, and the influences that shape adolescent moral development. Suggestions are made for new methods and new di…
Neighborhoods, Adults, and the Development of Civic Identity in Urban Youth
Civic identity is presented as a key construct for understanding adolescent development. We argue that high-poverty, urban neighborhoods make it difficult for youth to develop civic identities. Hypotheses regarding the effects of poverty and urbanicity on the development of civic identity are tested in analyses of the National Household Education Survey of 1999. Results from the analyses demonstrate that youth from urban neighborhoods are less li…
Civic Competence in Urban Youth
Civic competence and obstacles to its development are explored in urban youth. Our review suggests that urban youth lag behind suburban adolescents in civic knowledge and civic participation. These lags may be attributable to low levels of political participation among urban adults, educational failures, and a lack of childhood opportunities to join clubs and teams. A comparison of a small city and a neighboring suburban town illustrates both the…
The Relation of Self‐Esteem Variability to Emotion Variability, Mood, Personality Traits, and Depressive Tendencies
The relation of self‐esteem variability to personality, mood, and behavior was investigated. Self‐esteem variability was measured by calculating the standard deviation of self‐ratings made during a week of experience‐sampling. Participants high in self‐esteem variability were self‐conscious, socially anxious, and avoidant of social contexts. Self‐esteem variability was partially independent of the conceptually similar trait of affect‐intensity. T…
Identity development and peer group participation
Representations of Self and Other in Conjugal Bereavement
A semantic space perspective on representations of self and other was applied to investigate the perceived quality of the past relationship with the spouse in relation to adjustment in conjugal bereavement. According to this perspective, the proximity, or extent to which representations of self and others share similar trait content features, may have important affective implications. Forty-seven bereaved individuals rated different representatio…
Urban America as a Context for the Development of Moral Identity in Adolescence
Moral identity, defined as a self‐consistent commitment to lines of action benefiting others, is described in the contexts of adolescence and poor, urban neighborhoods. A model of moral identity development is proposed. According to the model, stable characteristics of the individual and the individual's family, in conjunction with social attitudes, self‐conceptions, and opportunities for the exploration of prosocial action, influence the develop…
High School Community Service as a Predictor of Adult Voting and Volunteering
The influences of high school community service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required community service in high school were strong predictors of adult voting and volunteering. In addition, involvement in high school extracurricular activi…
The Influence of Family Political Discussion on Youth Civic Development
Evidence suggesting that the growth of civic roots in adolescence may be crucial to the long-term development of citizenship has stimulated research into factors that might influence civic development during this time. One interesting finding to emerge from that exploration is the apparent importance of discussion to the development of civic competence. Adolescents who discuss politics and current events with their parents, peers, or teachers ten…
The relation of childhood personality types to adolescent behavior and development
The relation of childhood personality types, or configurations of personality traits, to adolescent development was examined. Three personality types were identified in an inverse factor analysis of California Child Q-Sort data on 128 Icelandic 7-year-olds: resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Growth curve analyses demonstrated that in comparison to children of the other 2 types, children of the resilient personality type had higher le…
Urban America as a Context for the Development of Moral Identity in Adolescence
Moral identity, defined as a self‐consistent commitment to lines of action benefiting others, is described in the contexts of adolescence and poor, urban neighborhoods. A model of moral identity development is proposed. According to the model, stable characteristics of the individual and the individual's family, in conjunction with social attitudes, self‐conceptions, and opportunities for the exploration of prosocial action, influence the develop…
American Sixteen- and Seventeen-Year-Olds Are Ready to Vote
American 16- and 17-year-olds ought to be allowed to vote in state and national elections. This claim rests upon a line of argument that begins with an exegesis of legal and philosophical notions of citizenship that identify core qualities of citizenship: membership, concern for rights, and participation in society. Each of these qualities is present in rudimentary form in childhood and adolescence. Analyses of national survey data demonstrate th…
Moral Development in Adolescence
Themes in the papers in this special issue of the JRA on moral development are identified. We discuss the intersection of moral development research with policy concerns, the distinctive qualities of moral life in adolescence that warrant investigation, the multiple connotations of “moral,” the methods typical of moral development research, and the influences that shape adolescent moral development. Suggestions are made for new methods and new di…
Psychological and social-structural influences on commitment to volunteering
Growing Social Inequalities in Youth Civic Engagement? Evidence from the National Election Study
Social class differences in civic engagement persist for both youth and adults. Although empirical evidence is mixed, several recent social changes pertaining to youth suggest that social inequalities in civic engagement may be growing over time for young people. Using data from the National Election Study, we compared trends for youth and older adults of varying education levels and tested the hypothesis of an increasing educational disparity in…
The association of neighborhood poverty with personality change in childhood
The child sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n.d.) was analyzed to examine the relation of undesirable personality change in early childhood to neighborhood economic deprivation. Participants in the survey who had complete data at Time 1 (3-4 years of age) and Time 2 (5-6 years of age) and who remained in the same neighborhood during both time periods were included in the analyses. The results indicated that neighborhood economi…
Representations of Self and Other in Conjugal Bereavement
A semantic space perspective on representations of self and other was applied to investigate the perceived quality of the past relationship with the spouse in relation to adjustment in conjugal bereavement. According to this perspective, the proximity, or extent to which representations of self and others share similar trait content features, may have important affective implications. Forty-seven bereaved individuals rated different representatio…
The Development of Self-Understanding in Puerto Rico and the United States
A model of self-understanding development with four developmental levels is presented. The model allows for individual and cultural differences in the degree to which self-understanding at each of four developmental levels is focused on the physical, active, social, or psychological qualities of self. The value of the model for describing and contrasting development in different cultures was investigated by examining the self-understanding of two…
Measuring disadvantage
OBJECTIVE--To compare the intercensal change for each of the underprivileged area (UPA), Townsend, and Carstairs scores calculated from 1981 and 1991 census data. SETTING--England and Wales. METHODS--The method described enables comparison of change in composite scores such as the UPA, Townsend, and Carstairs scores which are derived from normalised variables. The national values of equivalent variables derived from the censuses are calculated an…
Can prototypes inform moral developmental theory
L. J. Walker and R. C. Pitts (1998) suggest that research on prototypes of moral excellence can lead to important new insights for accounts of moral development that are unlikely to emerge from the efforts of theorists working within psychological or philosophical paradigms. In this commentary, I argue that (a) experts in philosophical and psychological paradigms can and do contribute to revisions of theories of moral excellence, and (b) the stud…
Childhood personality influences on social–cognitive development
The relation of childhood personality to the development of friendship understanding and moral judgment in adolescence was considered in a longitudinal study. Personality at age 7, assessed with the California Child Q-Set, was characterized in terms of ego-resiliency and ego-control. IQ and social class were also measured. Friendship understanding was assessed when the participants were ages 7, 9, 12, 15, and 19, and moral judgment was elicited w…
Influence of defense mechanisms on moral judgment development
The influence of defense mechanisms in adolescence on moral judgment was studied using Kohlberg's longitudinal study of boys and men. Beginning at ages 13- 14 and continuing for 20 years, the 44 Ss in this study were periodically interviewed about their moral judgments, aspirations, and relationships. These interviews were coded for defenses using Haan's (1977) Q-Sort, yielding profiles of the salience of 10 mature and 10 immature defenses. Moral…
Differential susceptibility and the early development of aggression
The purpose of the current study was to predict the development of aggressive behavior from young children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and environmental quality. In a longitudinal sample of 213 children, baseline RSA, RSA suppression in response to a film of crying babies, and a composite measure of environmental quality (incorporating socioeconomic status and marital adjustment) were measured, and parent-reported aggression was assessed…
Judgments about personal identity in childhood and adolescence
Judgments concerning personal identity were studied in children and adolescents. Each subject was asked to imagine entering a hypothetical machine which simultaneously produced two persons, with each person receiving one of four sets of the subject's characteristics: physical, active, social, or psychological. Subjects were asked to judge which of the resulting persons was most nearly identical with the self. Results from the first study with mid…
Interactions Between Maoa Genotype and Receipt of Public Assistance
Response to stress is determined in part by genetically-influenced regulation of the monoamine system. We examined the interaction of a stressor (receipt of public assistance) and a gene regulating the monoamine system (MAOA) in the prediction of change in adolescent depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI). Participants were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health (AddHealth) genetically-informative subsample. We foc…
The Relationship of Self-Understanding in Childhood to Social Class, Community Type, and Teacher-Rated Intellectual and Social Competence
The relationship of children's self-understanding to social class, community type (modem vs. traditional), and ratings made by teachers was investigated in Iceland. Subjects were seventy-three 12-year-olds in Reykjavik, distributed evenly across six social classes, and twenty-one 12-year-olds primarily from families in the lowest two social classes residing in two traditional rural communities. In clinical-developmental interviews, the children w…
The Development of Self-Understanding from Infancy Through Adolescence
DAMON, WILLIAM, and HART, DANIEL. The Development of Self-Understanding from Infancy through Adolescence. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 841-864. This review focuses on selfunderstanding, the cognitive basis for self-conception. Its purpose is to construct from the psychological literature a descriptive account of self-understanding development between infancy and adolescence. The paper begins by distinguishing self-understanding from other aspects…
The Development of Self-Understanding in Puerto Rico and the United States
A model of self-understanding development with four developmental levels is presented. The model allows for individual and cultural differences in the degree to which self-understanding at each of four developmental levels is focused on the physical, active, social, or psychological qualities of self. The value of the model for describing and contrasting development in different cultures was investigated by examining the self-understanding of two…
Influence of defense mechanisms on moral judgment development
The influence of defense mechanisms in adolescence on moral judgment was studied using Kohlberg's longitudinal study of boys and men. Beginning at ages 13- 14 and continuing for 20 years, the 44 Ss in this study were periodically interviewed about their moral judgments, aspirations, and relationships. These interviews were coded for defenses using Haan's (1977) Q-Sort, yielding profiles of the salience of 10 mature and 10 immature defenses. Moral…
The Relationship of Self-Understanding in Childhood to Social Class, Community Type, and Teacher-Rated Intellectual and Social Competence
The relationship of children's self-understanding to social class, community type (modem vs. traditional), and ratings made by teachers was investigated in Iceland. Subjects were seventy-three 12-year-olds in Reykjavik, distributed evenly across six social classes, and twenty-one 12-year-olds primarily from families in the lowest two social classes residing in two traditional rural communities. In clinical-developmental interviews, the children w…
Judgments about personal identity in childhood and adolescence
Judgments concerning personal identity were studied in children and adolescents. Each subject was asked to imagine entering a hypothetical machine which simultaneously produced two persons, with each person receiving one of four sets of the subject's characteristics: physical, active, social, or psychological. Subjects were asked to judge which of the resulting persons was most nearly identical with the self. Results from the first study with mid…
Social imitation and the emergence of a mental model of self
Self-awareness, and the object of its reflection, the self-concept, are central features of the conscious experience of adult humans in Euro-American cultures. The phenomenal reality of these facets of experience have fascinated scholars interested in human nature for centuries. Philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, and literary critics have offered (often contradictory) perspectives on the essence of the sense of self. Perh…
Self and emotions
A Review of Shame: The Exposed Self , by Michael Lewis
Prosocial Behavior and Caring in Adolescence
The Experience of Self in the Bottlenose Dolphin
Measuring disadvantage
OBJECTIVE--To compare the intercensal change for each of the underprivileged area (UPA), Townsend, and Carstairs scores calculated from 1981 and 1991 census data. SETTING--England and Wales. METHODS--The method described enables comparison of change in composite scores such as the UPA, Townsend, and Carstairs scores which are derived from normalised variables. The national values of equivalent variables derived from the censuses are calculated an…
Representations of Self and Other
This article describes a semantic space model of personality. According to the model, representations of facets of the self (e.g., actual self, self) and of others are arrayed in a semantic space, with proximities among representations predicted to be associated with mood, self‐evaluation, broad personality dimensions. The relation of proximities among pairs of representations to personality and mood measures was found to be mediated by spatial p…
The relation of childhood personality types to adolescent behavior and development
The relation of childhood personality types, or configurations of personality traits, to adolescent development was examined. Three personality types were identified in an inverse factor analysis of California Child Q-Sort data on 128 Icelandic 7-year-olds: resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Growth curve analyses demonstrated that in comparison to children of the other 2 types, children of the resilient personality type had higher le…
Urban America as a Context for the Development of Moral Identity in Adolescence
Moral identity, defined as a self‐consistent commitment to lines of action benefiting others, is described in the contexts of adolescence and poor, urban neighborhoods. A model of moral identity development is proposed. According to the model, stable characteristics of the individual and the individual's family, in conjunction with social attitudes, self‐conceptions, and opportunities for the exploration of prosocial action, influence the develop…
Childhood personality influences on social-cognitive development
Can prototypes inform moral developmental theory
L. J. Walker and R. C. Pitts (1998) suggest that research on prototypes of moral excellence can lead to important new insights for accounts of moral development that are unlikely to emerge from the efforts of theorists working within psychological or philosophical paradigms. In this commentary, I argue that (a) experts in philosophical and psychological paradigms can and do contribute to revisions of theories of moral excellence, and (b) the stud…
Childhood personality influences on social–cognitive development
The relation of childhood personality to the development of friendship understanding and moral judgment in adolescence was considered in a longitudinal study. Personality at age 7, assessed with the California Child Q-Set, was characterized in terms of ego-resiliency and ego-control. IQ and social class were also measured. Friendship understanding was assessed when the participants were ages 7, 9, 12, 15, and 19, and moral judgment was elicited w…
Identity development and peer group participation
Representations of Self and Other in Conjugal Bereavement
A semantic space perspective on representations of self and other was applied to investigate the perceived quality of the past relationship with the spouse in relation to adjustment in conjugal bereavement. According to this perspective, the proximity, or extent to which representations of self and others share similar trait content features, may have important affective implications. Forty-seven bereaved individuals rated different representatio…
The Relation of Self‐Esteem Variability to Emotion Variability, Mood, Personality Traits, and Depressive Tendencies
The relation of self‐esteem variability to personality, mood, and behavior was investigated. Self‐esteem variability was measured by calculating the standard deviation of self‐ratings made during a week of experience‐sampling. Participants high in self‐esteem variability were self‐conscious, socially anxious, and avoidant of social contexts. Self‐esteem variability was partially independent of the conceptually similar trait of affect‐intensity. T…
Civic Competence in Urban Youth
Civic competence and obstacles to its development are explored in urban youth. Our review suggests that urban youth lag behind suburban adolescents in civic knowledge and civic participation. These lags may be attributable to low levels of political participation among urban adults, educational failures, and a lack of childhood opportunities to join clubs and teams. A comparison of a small city and a neighboring suburban town illustrates both the…
Neighborhoods, Adults, and the Development of Civic Identity in Urban Youth
Civic identity is presented as a key construct for understanding adolescent development. We argue that high-poverty, urban neighborhoods make it difficult for youth to develop civic identities. Hypotheses regarding the effects of poverty and urbanicity on the development of civic identity are tested in analyses of the National Household Education Survey of 1999. Results from the analyses demonstrate that youth from urban neighborhoods are less li…
Adding Identity to the Moral Domain
Moral Development in Adolescence
Themes in the papers in this special issue of the JRA on moral development are identified. We discuss the intersection of moral development research with policy concerns, the distinctive qualities of moral life in adolescence that warrant investigation, the multiple connotations of “moral,” the methods typical of moral development research, and the influences that shape adolescent moral development. Suggestions are made for new methods and new di…
Psychological and social-structural influences on commitment to volunteering
High School Community Service as a Predictor of Adult Voting and Volunteering
The influences of high school community service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required community service in high school were strong predictors of adult voting and volunteering. In addition, involvement in high school extracurricular activi…
Psychology (35 works) · Social Psychology (30 works) · Developmental psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Politics (10 works) · Youth Development and Social Support (10 works) · Personality (9 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (8 works)