David Burns
Biographic Data
| ID | 3783577 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David Burns |
| GIVEN NAMES | David |
| FAMILY NAME | Burns |
| SIGNATURE | BURNS D |
| AFFILIATIONS | National Institutes of Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1617-596X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Developing a co-designed, culturally responsive physical activity program for Pasifika communities in Western Sydney, Australia
Pasifika communities in Western Sydney experience significant health disparities, particularly related to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes. Physical activity is known to improve both physical and mental health, yet access to culturally responsive physical activity programs for Pasifika communities is limited. This study leveraged expertise from an Advisory Committee to adopt community-based participatory research (C…
Trends in the complexity of self-harm hospitalisations over 11 years at a major regional hospital in Victoria, Australia: A retrospective study
Our findings indicate a trend toward more severe cases of self-harm over time, observed in both males and females, with an increase in the use of multiple self-harm methods. Additionally, our results suggest that paramedic non-transports to the emergency department should be re-evaluated, as these patients experience worse outcomes
Smallholder participation in zero-deforestation supply chain initiatives in the Indonesian palm oil sector: Challenges, opportunities, and limitations
As actors in tropical agricultural commodity supply chains implement commitments to end deforestation, they risk exacerbating social inequities by excluding smallholder farmers, who are important producers of many tropical commodity crops. Here, we explore the potential for independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia to participate in zero-deforestation supply chains. We find that these smallholders are underrepresented in the share of zero-de…
Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia
Significance Demand for agricultural commodities is the leading driver of tropical deforestation. Many corporations have pledged to eliminate forest loss from their supply chains by purchasing only certified “sustainable” products. To evaluate whether certification fulfills such pledges, we applied statistical analyses to satellite-based estimates of tree cover loss to infer the causal impact of a third-party certification system on deforestation…
Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission
BACKGROUND: An interim analysis of data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevented more than 96% of genetically linked infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. ART was then offered to all patients with HIV-1 infection (index participants). The study included more than 5 years of follow-up to assess the durability of such therapy for …
Depression and Oral FTC/TDF Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (MSM/TGW)
We conducted a longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of depressive symptomology in iPrEx, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of daily, oral FTC/TDF HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in men and transgender women who have sex with men. Depression-related adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported severe or life-threatening AEs and were not associated with being randomized to the FTC/TDF arm (152 vs. 144 respectively OR 0.66 95…
Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: A cohort study
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. METHODS: In nine countries, we enrolled 1763 couples in which one partner was HIV-1-positive and the other was HIV-1-negative; 54% of the subjects were from Africa, and 50% of infected partners were men. HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 counts between 350 and 550 cells per cubic m…
Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to receive a combination of two oral antiretroviral drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC-TDF), or placebo once daily. All subjects received HIV testing, risk-reduction counse…
In for the Long Haul: Knowledge Translation Between Academic and Nonprofit Organizations
Although scientists are continually refining existing knowledge and producing new evidence to improve health care and health care delivery, far too little scientific output finds its way into the tool kits of practitioners. Likewise, the questions that clinicians would like to be answered all too rarely get taken up by researchers. In this article we focus on knowledge translation challenges accompanying a longitudinal research program with nonpr…
The quarter that changed the world
The social norm change approach is effective at reducing tobacco consumption, adult smoking and youth uptake. This approach resulted in declines in tobacco-related diseases and is associated with savings in healthcare expenditures. In considering CTCP's effectiveness, the takeaway message is that it should be viewed as a unified programme rather than a collection of independent interventions. The programme was designed and implemented as one wher…
Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: A description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal
Preventing initiation of tobacco product use, promoting cessation of tobacco use, and protecting the public from exposure to second hand smoke are recognised by the World Health organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and by the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) as the most effective approaches to reducing tobacco related morbidity and mortality. However, the FCTC also recognises the need for tobacco…
The temporal relationship between advertising and sales of low-tar cigarettes
Increases in print advertising of 20 of the most popular low-tar cigarette brands were followed by increases in sales for these cigarettes. Despite increases in the advertising of exclusively low-tar brands in the mid-1970s and early 1980s, the sales of these brands never matched the sales of the low-tar alternative brands. This suggests that it may have been easier to get smokers to switch to low-tar brands within a brand family compared with en…
Tobacco manufacturers’ defence against plaintiffs’ claims of cancer causation: Throwing mud at the wall and hoping some of it will stick
Despite the vast body of literature showing that cigarette smoking causes cancer, and despite tobacco companies' recent admissions that smoking causes cancer, defendants used numerous arguments in these cases to deny that their products had caused cancer in plaintiffs. The cigarette companies, through their public admissions and courtroom arguments, seem to be saying, "Yes, smoking causes lung cancer, but not in people who sue us
Association between home smoking restrictions and changes in smoking behaviour among employed women
Study objective: Examine trends in home smoking restrictions among employed women not living alone and assess the associations of such restrictions with smoking behaviour. Design: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of major demographic variables and household composition characteristics. Study participants: 128 024 employed female respondents to the Census Bureau’s current population survey over the 10 year period 1992 to 2002. Main result…
Health impact of “reduced yield” cigarettes: A critical assessment of the epidemiological evidence
Cigarettes with lower machine measured "tar" and nicotine yields have been marketed as "safer" than high tar products over the last four decades, but there is conflicting evidence about the impact of these products on the disease burden caused by smoking. This paper critically examines the epidemiological evidence relevant to the health consequences of "reduced yield" cigarettes. Some epidemiological studies have found attenuated risk of lung can…
Obstetrical Factors and the Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Mother to Child
Background A substantial proportion of perinatally acquired infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occur at or near delivery, which suggests that obstetrical factors may have an important influence on transmission. We evaluated the relation of such factors and other variables to the perinatal transmission of HIV-1. Methods The Women and Infants Transmission Study is a prospective, observational study of HIV-1–infected wom…
Rates of smoking initiation among adolescents and young adults, 1907-81
Objective To estimate initiation rates among individuals aged 10-24 for the calendar years 1907-81. Design Birth cohort analyses using a data set combining all of the National Health Interview Surveys asking questions about smoking. Subjects Multiple cross-sectional samples of the US population. Results Initiation of cigarette smoking was essentially a male behaviour at the start of the century, and a steep rise in incidence of smoking in white m…
Insurgency as a struggle for Legitimation: The case of Southern Africa
The EPA Report: Why the tobacco control world will never be the same
Occasional smoking among adults: Evidence from the California Tobacco Survey
Reasons smokers give for stopping smoking: Do they relate to success in stopping
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Pierce. Abstract Objective -To determine the frequency and distribution of reasons that smokers give for stopping smoking, and whether any type of reason is associated with a greater likelihood of success than any other. Design Univariate and multivariate analyses of reasons for stopping smoking by demographic characteristics, success in stopping by demographic character istics, and success in stop…
Trends in physicians' giving advice to stop smoking, United States, 1974-87
Report of the Tobacco Policy Research Study Group on Smoke-Free Indoor Air Policies
The rationale for policies that restrict the locations where smoking is permitted reflects three major issues :Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is annoying and irritating to most non-smokers ETS can cause acute and chronic illness in non-smokers Restricting the locations where smoking is allowed may increase the number of smokers who attempt to stop smoking ; may reduce the frequency of relapse by those who attempt to stop ; and may reduce the n…
Insurgency as a struggle for Legitimation: The case of Southern Africa
Association between home smoking restrictions and changes in smoking behaviour among employed women
Study objective: Examine trends in home smoking restrictions among employed women not living alone and assess the associations of such restrictions with smoking behaviour. Design: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of major demographic variables and household composition characteristics. Study participants: 128 024 employed female respondents to the Census Bureau’s current population survey over the 10 year period 1992 to 2002. Main result…
Occasional smoking among adults: Evidence from the California Tobacco Survey
Reasons smokers give for stopping smoking: Do they relate to success in stopping
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Pierce. Abstract Objective -To determine the frequency and distribution of reasons that smokers give for stopping smoking, and whether any type of reason is associated with a greater likelihood of success than any other. Design Univariate and multivariate analyses of reasons for stopping smoking by demographic characteristics, success in stopping by demographic character istics, and success in stop…
Trends in physicians' giving advice to stop smoking, United States, 1974-87
Report of the Tobacco Policy Research Study Group on Smoke-Free Indoor Air Policies
The rationale for policies that restrict the locations where smoking is permitted reflects three major issues :Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is annoying and irritating to most non-smokers ETS can cause acute and chronic illness in non-smokers Restricting the locations where smoking is allowed may increase the number of smokers who attempt to stop smoking ; may reduce the frequency of relapse by those who attempt to stop ; and may reduce the n…
The EPA Report: Why the tobacco control world will never be the same
Insurgency as a struggle for Legitimation: The case of Southern Africa
Rates of smoking initiation among adolescents and young adults, 1907-81
Objective To estimate initiation rates among individuals aged 10-24 for the calendar years 1907-81. Design Birth cohort analyses using a data set combining all of the National Health Interview Surveys asking questions about smoking. Subjects Multiple cross-sectional samples of the US population. Results Initiation of cigarette smoking was essentially a male behaviour at the start of the century, and a steep rise in incidence of smoking in white m…
Obstetrical Factors and the Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Mother to Child
Background A substantial proportion of perinatally acquired infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occur at or near delivery, which suggests that obstetrical factors may have an important influence on transmission. We evaluated the relation of such factors and other variables to the perinatal transmission of HIV-1. Methods The Women and Infants Transmission Study is a prospective, observational study of HIV-1–infected wom…
Health impact of “reduced yield” cigarettes: A critical assessment of the epidemiological evidence
Cigarettes with lower machine measured "tar" and nicotine yields have been marketed as "safer" than high tar products over the last four decades, but there is conflicting evidence about the impact of these products on the disease burden caused by smoking. This paper critically examines the epidemiological evidence relevant to the health consequences of "reduced yield" cigarettes. Some epidemiological studies have found attenuated risk of lung can…
The temporal relationship between advertising and sales of low-tar cigarettes
Increases in print advertising of 20 of the most popular low-tar cigarette brands were followed by increases in sales for these cigarettes. Despite increases in the advertising of exclusively low-tar brands in the mid-1970s and early 1980s, the sales of these brands never matched the sales of the low-tar alternative brands. This suggests that it may have been easier to get smokers to switch to low-tar brands within a brand family compared with en…
Tobacco manufacturers’ defence against plaintiffs’ claims of cancer causation: Throwing mud at the wall and hoping some of it will stick
Despite the vast body of literature showing that cigarette smoking causes cancer, and despite tobacco companies' recent admissions that smoking causes cancer, defendants used numerous arguments in these cases to deny that their products had caused cancer in plaintiffs. The cigarette companies, through their public admissions and courtroom arguments, seem to be saying, "Yes, smoking causes lung cancer, but not in people who sue us
Association between home smoking restrictions and changes in smoking behaviour among employed women
Study objective: Examine trends in home smoking restrictions among employed women not living alone and assess the associations of such restrictions with smoking behaviour. Design: Multivariate logistic regression analysis of major demographic variables and household composition characteristics. Study participants: 128 024 employed female respondents to the Census Bureau’s current population survey over the 10 year period 1992 to 2002. Main result…
Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: A description of the World Health Organization TobReg proposal
Preventing initiation of tobacco product use, promoting cessation of tobacco use, and protecting the public from exposure to second hand smoke are recognised by the World Health organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and by the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) as the most effective approaches to reducing tobacco related morbidity and mortality. However, the FCTC also recognises the need for tobacco…
Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2499 HIV-seronegative men or transgender women who have sex with men to receive a combination of two oral antiretroviral drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC-TDF), or placebo once daily. All subjects received HIV testing, risk-reduction counse…
In for the Long Haul: Knowledge Translation Between Academic and Nonprofit Organizations
Although scientists are continually refining existing knowledge and producing new evidence to improve health care and health care delivery, far too little scientific output finds its way into the tool kits of practitioners. Likewise, the questions that clinicians would like to be answered all too rarely get taken up by researchers. In this article we focus on knowledge translation challenges accompanying a longitudinal research program with nonpr…
The quarter that changed the world
The social norm change approach is effective at reducing tobacco consumption, adult smoking and youth uptake. This approach resulted in declines in tobacco-related diseases and is associated with savings in healthcare expenditures. In considering CTCP's effectiveness, the takeaway message is that it should be viewed as a unified programme rather than a collection of independent interventions. The programme was designed and implemented as one wher…
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. METHODS: In nine countries, we enrolled 1763 couples in which one partner was HIV-1-positive and the other was HIV-1-negative; 54% of the subjects were from Africa, and 50% of infected partners were men. HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 counts between 350 and 550 cells per cubic m…
Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: A cohort study
Depression and Oral FTC/TDF Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (MSM/TGW)
We conducted a longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of depressive symptomology in iPrEx, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of daily, oral FTC/TDF HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in men and transgender women who have sex with men. Depression-related adverse events (AEs) were the most frequently reported severe or life-threatening AEs and were not associated with being randomized to the FTC/TDF arm (152 vs. 144 respectively OR 0.66 95…
Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission
BACKGROUND: An interim analysis of data from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial showed that antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevented more than 96% of genetically linked infections caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. ART was then offered to all patients with HIV-1 infection (index participants). The study included more than 5 years of follow-up to assess the durability of such therapy for …
Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia
Significance Demand for agricultural commodities is the leading driver of tropical deforestation. Many corporations have pledged to eliminate forest loss from their supply chains by purchasing only certified “sustainable” products. To evaluate whether certification fulfills such pledges, we applied statistical analyses to satellite-based estimates of tree cover loss to infer the causal impact of a third-party certification system on deforestation…
Smallholder participation in zero-deforestation supply chain initiatives in the Indonesian palm oil sector: Challenges, opportunities, and limitations
As actors in tropical agricultural commodity supply chains implement commitments to end deforestation, they risk exacerbating social inequities by excluding smallholder farmers, who are important producers of many tropical commodity crops. Here, we explore the potential for independent oil palm smallholders in Indonesia to participate in zero-deforestation supply chains. We find that these smallholders are underrepresented in the share of zero-de…
Developing a co-designed, culturally responsive physical activity program for Pasifika communities in Western Sydney, Australia
Pasifika communities in Western Sydney experience significant health disparities, particularly related to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and diabetes. Physical activity is known to improve both physical and mental health, yet access to culturally responsive physical activity programs for Pasifika communities is limited. This study leveraged expertise from an Advisory Committee to adopt community-based participatory research (C…
Trends in the complexity of self-harm hospitalisations over 11 years at a major regional hospital in Victoria, Australia: A retrospective study
Our findings indicate a trend toward more severe cases of self-harm over time, observed in both males and females, with an increase in the use of multiple self-harm methods. Additionally, our results suggest that paramedic non-transports to the emergency department should be re-evaluated, as these patients experience worse outcomes
Medicine (20 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (11 works) · Business (9 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Political science (7 works) · Demography (6 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (6 works) · Economics (5 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Public health (5 works)