Andrew Martindale
Biographic Data
| ID | 3790845 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrew Martindale |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrew |
| FAMILY NAME | Martindale |
| SIGNATURE | MARTINDALE A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of British Columbia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8182-4284 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 126 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1962 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
The Speaking Past
This chapter examines how Indigenous oral traditions and archaeological practice intersect, revealing the power dynamics, colonial legacies, and cultural perspectives that shape historical narratives. It challenges the biases that marginalize oral histories in scholarly discourse and critiques the dominance of Western archaeological methodologies. By analyzing how oral traditions convey history and relate to material evidence, the chapter undersc…
The Archaeological Prospection of Plankhouse Villages on the Northwest Coast of North America
Pacific Northwest Coast sites are challenging for archaeological prospection, shell-rich soil matrices and perishable material culture complicate interpretations, Archaeo-geophysics can resolve subsurface plankhouse features, drone-based LiDAR can record villages and monitor climate-change induced erosion
Bringing past into present
This conversation began as a roundtable at the 2023 joint meeting of the American Anthropological Association and the Canadian Anthropology Society in Toronto. The roundtable was part of the Executive Program and was intended as a follow-up to Kisha Supernant’s keynote presentation, which was entitled ‘Truth before transition. Reimagining anthropology as restorative justice.’ Considering the sensitive nature of the topic, we responded to a select…
The Oxford Handbook of Indigenous Oral Traditions and Archaeology
Archaeology has increasingly engaged with Indigenous oral traditions as a means to develop closer relationships with, and understandings of, Indigenous communities and their ancestors. Here we refer to “oral traditions” as records of history transmitted across generations via practices of memory, often perpetuated in the context of performance, symbolism, ritual, ecological knowledge, and other forms of situated learning. As the principal records…
The Care Principles and the Reuse, Sharing, and Curation of Indigenous Data in Canadian Archaeology
Reuse and sharing of archaeological data are tied to ethics in data practice, research design, and the rights of Indigenous peoples in decision-making about their heritage. In this article, the authors discuss how the CARE (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles and Indigenous data governance create intellectual space for archaeological research. We show how archaeologists can use this framework to highli…
Rethinking Cultural Heritage in the International Finance Corporation Performance Standards
In 2006, the World Bank's private sector lending arm, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), introduced eight Environmental and Social Performance Standards (PSs) to define IFC clients’ responsibilities for managing their environmental and social risks, including those related to cultural heritage. Since their introduction, the PSs have evolved into a de facto global standard that other development banks and many private sector banks, insur…
The challenges of signal interpretation of burials in ground‐penetrating radar
The identification of unmarked graves and burials is one of most common applications of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) in archaeology. Despite a high frequency of use and a long history of experimentation, there appears to be considerable variability on what indicates a burial in GPR data—likely a consequence of heterogeneity in geological contexts, age and in burial practices. Although general statements about uncertainty in GPR interpretation m…
Authorship as social relations
Dating Marine Shell
Radiocarbon dates on marine shell and other materials of marine origin appear significantly older than contemporaneous samples of terrestrial/atmospheric origin. Misunderstandings regarding the mechanisms that give rise to this 'marine reservoir effect' (MRE), the terminology used to define it, and the mathematics used to describe it cause many coastal archaeologists to distrust or misinterpret marine shell dates. The recent release of a reformul…
Wapato as an Important Staple Carbohydrate in the Northwest Coast Diet
In response to Steve L. Martin's critique of our recent paper we provide further evidence in support of our central contention: that geophytes were a nutritionally important part of the precontact diet, and that they functioned as dietary, cultural, and economic staple foods for many peoples of the Pacific Northwest
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in 'big data' compilation
Were the Ancient Coast Salish Farmers? A Story of Origins
Were the ancient Coast Salish farmers? Conventional anthropological wisdom asserts that the ethnographically known communities of the Northwest Coast of North America were 'complex hunter-fisher-gatherers' who lacked any form of concerted plant food cultivation and production. Despite decades of extensive ethnobotanical and paleoethnobotanical study throughout the Pacific Northwest demonstrating the contrary, this 'classic anomaly' is still a cor…
Endowment, investment, and the transforming coast
The Vulnerability of Archaeological Logic in Aboriginal Rights and Title Cases in Canada
The history of archaeological evidence in Aboriginal rights and title cases in Canada illustrates an alignment between archaeological arguments regarding Indigenous history and recent court rulings. Although there are associations between cases that rule in favor of Indigenous rights and contemporary archaeological thinking and between rulings against Indigenous rights and older forms of archaeological reasoning, we argue that there is a more fun…
Finding eulachon
Archaeological Survey of Dynamic Coastal Landscapes and Paleoshorelines
We present and test a predictive archaeological survey model that targets early Holocene paleoshorelines in the Prince Rupert Harbour area using LiDAR bare earth digital terrain models and a 15,000-year reconstructed history of relative sea level change. Despite a century of archaeological research in the study area, no sites dating earlier than 6000 cal b.p. had been identified prior to our research. Our field survey identified three early Holoc…
Estimating Marine Reservoir Effects in Archaeological Chronologies
The best method for quantifying the marine reservoir effect (MRE) using the global IntCal Marine13 calibration curve remains unresolved. Archaeologists frequently quantify uncertainty on MRE values as errors computed from single pairs of marine-terrestrial radiocarbon ages, which we argue significantly overstates their accuracy and precision. Here, we review the assumptions, methods, and applications of estimating MRE via an estimate of the addit…
Radiocarbon test for demographic events in written and oral history
Significance Indigenous oral traditions remain a very controversial source of historical knowledge in Western scientific, humanistic, and legal traditions. Likewise, demographic models using radiocarbon-based simulation methods are controversial. We rigorously test the historicity of indigenous Tsimshian oral records ( adawx ) using an extended simulation-based method. Our methodology is able to detect short-duration (1–2 centuries) demographic e…
Urbanism in Northern Tsimshian archaeology
We consider the provocative idea of whether urbanism as a condition or process is visible in Northern Tsimshian archaeology. We define the condition of urbanism through four traits, each of which we associate with measurable variables. We explore changes in these across the study area in 100-year time bins over 6000 years. We also consider urbanism as a process that includes five kinds of relations. We consider these through six chronological sta…
Assessing the Scale and Pace of Large Shell-Bearing Site Occupation in the Prince Rupert Harbour Area, British Columbia
Methodological advancements in geoarchaeology and spatial and chronological modeling are opening new avenues to interpreting large coastal shell-bearing sites. We document the developmental histories of two such sites around Prince Rupert Harbour, Canada, using systematic percussion coring, intensive radiocarbon dating, and 3D surface mapping with Total Station and LiDAR. We also re-analyze a third site (Boardwalk/GbTo-31) excavated and radiocarb…
The role of small villages in Northern Tsimshian territory from oral and archaeological records
Small villages have been central to progressive models of hunter-gatherer-fisher complexity on the Northwest Coast as a stage in the narrative of increasingly nonegalitarian social relations. We argue that Tsimshian settlement history is more complicated. We examine settlement and chronological data for 66 village sites in the Tsimshian area, 22 of which we define as small. Small villages were present in the area as early as 6500 years ago, but t…
Tsimshian Houses and Households through the Contact Period
A Marine Reservoir Effect ∆R Value for Kitandach, in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, Canada
Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180 km 2 . These sites span the last 9500 yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000 m 2 surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates from marine shell for developing chronologies.…
Archaeology Taken to Court
Seasonality and Intensity of Shellfish Harvesting on the North Coast of British Columbia
Biogeochemical and growth increment analyses show contrasting seasonal patterns of butter clam collection and rates of harvest intensity between archaeological shell midden sites from the Dundas Islands archipelago and the mainland coast in Prince Rupert Harbour, northern British Columbia. Growth increment analysis shows more intensive clam harvest in the Dundas Islands in comparison to the residential sites in Prince Rupert Harbour. Stable oxyge…
Entanglement and tinkering
The concept of `entanglement' in contact encounters emphasizes the power and agency of individuals, particularly Indigenous leaders, to confront colonial and capitalist hegemonic forces. Consequently, entanglement presents a necessary comparison of scale, a link between the situated actions of individuals and the broader patterns of history. While the former is theoretically complex, the latter is often contrasted as a static and stagnant essenti…
Mapping of subsurface shell midden components through percussion coring
Were the Ancient Coast Salish Farmers? A Story of Origins
Were the ancient Coast Salish farmers? Conventional anthropological wisdom asserts that the ethnographically known communities of the Northwest Coast of North America were 'complex hunter-fisher-gatherers' who lacked any form of concerted plant food cultivation and production. Despite decades of extensive ethnobotanical and paleoethnobotanical study throughout the Pacific Northwest demonstrating the contrary, this 'classic anomaly' is still a cor…
The Care Principles and the Reuse, Sharing, and Curation of Indigenous Data in Canadian Archaeology
Reuse and sharing of archaeological data are tied to ethics in data practice, research design, and the rights of Indigenous peoples in decision-making about their heritage. In this article, the authors discuss how the CARE (Collective benefit, Authority to control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles and Indigenous data governance create intellectual space for archaeological research. We show how archaeologists can use this framework to highli…
A New Radiocarbon Database for the Lower 48 States
From 2014 to 2020, we compiled radiocarbon ages from the lower 48 states, creating a database of more than 100,000 archaeological, geological, and paleontological ages that will be freely available to researchers through the Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database. Here, we discuss the process used to compile ages, general characteristics of the database, and lessons learned from this exercise in 'big data' compilation
The role of small villages in Northern Tsimshian territory from oral and archaeological records
Small villages have been central to progressive models of hunter-gatherer-fisher complexity on the Northwest Coast as a stage in the narrative of increasingly nonegalitarian social relations. We argue that Tsimshian settlement history is more complicated. We examine settlement and chronological data for 66 village sites in the Tsimshian area, 22 of which we define as small. Small villages were present in the area as early as 6500 years ago, but t…
Seasonality and Intensity of Shellfish Harvesting on the North Coast of British Columbia
Biogeochemical and growth increment analyses show contrasting seasonal patterns of butter clam collection and rates of harvest intensity between archaeological shell midden sites from the Dundas Islands archipelago and the mainland coast in Prince Rupert Harbour, northern British Columbia. Growth increment analysis shows more intensive clam harvest in the Dundas Islands in comparison to the residential sites in Prince Rupert Harbour. Stable oxyge…
Dating Marine Shell
Radiocarbon dates on marine shell and other materials of marine origin appear significantly older than contemporaneous samples of terrestrial/atmospheric origin. Misunderstandings regarding the mechanisms that give rise to this 'marine reservoir effect' (MRE), the terminology used to define it, and the mathematics used to describe it cause many coastal archaeologists to distrust or misinterpret marine shell dates. The recent release of a reformul…
Endowment, investment, and the transforming coast
Identifying expedient glass tools from a post-contact Tsimshian village using low power (10–100×) magnification
A Marine Reservoir Effect ∆R Value for Kitandach, in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, Canada
Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180 km 2 . These sites span the last 9500 yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000 m 2 surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates from marine shell for developing chronologies.…
Estimating Marine Reservoir Effects in Archaeological Chronologies
The best method for quantifying the marine reservoir effect (MRE) using the global IntCal Marine13 calibration curve remains unresolved. Archaeologists frequently quantify uncertainty on MRE values as errors computed from single pairs of marine-terrestrial radiocarbon ages, which we argue significantly overstates their accuracy and precision. Here, we review the assumptions, methods, and applications of estimating MRE via an estimate of the addit…
The challenges of signal interpretation of burials in ground‐penetrating radar
The identification of unmarked graves and burials is one of most common applications of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) in archaeology. Despite a high frequency of use and a long history of experimentation, there appears to be considerable variability on what indicates a burial in GPR data—likely a consequence of heterogeneity in geological contexts, age and in burial practices. Although general statements about uncertainty in GPR interpretation m…
The Vulnerability of Archaeological Logic in Aboriginal Rights and Title Cases in Canada
The history of archaeological evidence in Aboriginal rights and title cases in Canada illustrates an alignment between archaeological arguments regarding Indigenous history and recent court rulings. Although there are associations between cases that rule in favor of Indigenous rights and contemporary archaeological thinking and between rulings against Indigenous rights and older forms of archaeological reasoning, we argue that there is a more fun…
Assessing the Scale and Pace of Large Shell-Bearing Site Occupation in the Prince Rupert Harbour Area, British Columbia
Methodological advancements in geoarchaeology and spatial and chronological modeling are opening new avenues to interpreting large coastal shell-bearing sites. We document the developmental histories of two such sites around Prince Rupert Harbour, Canada, using systematic percussion coring, intensive radiocarbon dating, and 3D surface mapping with Total Station and LiDAR. We also re-analyze a third site (Boardwalk/GbTo-31) excavated and radiocarb…
Finding eulachon
Archaeological Survey of Dynamic Coastal Landscapes and Paleoshorelines
We present and test a predictive archaeological survey model that targets early Holocene paleoshorelines in the Prince Rupert Harbour area using LiDAR bare earth digital terrain models and a 15,000-year reconstructed history of relative sea level change. Despite a century of archaeological research in the study area, no sites dating earlier than 6000 cal b.p. had been identified prior to our research. Our field survey identified three early Holoc…
Rethinking Cultural Heritage in the International Finance Corporation Performance Standards
In 2006, the World Bank's private sector lending arm, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), introduced eight Environmental and Social Performance Standards (PSs) to define IFC clients’ responsibilities for managing their environmental and social risks, including those related to cultural heritage. Since their introduction, the PSs have evolved into a de facto global standard that other development banks and many private sector banks, insur…
Patrons and Minders
From the twelfth century onwards it became common for sacred spaces—that is, churches—to be invaded by objects and imagery which are often surprising and bizarre and which, in their secular-ity, have little to do with the fundamental teachings of Christianity. Many of these objects are familiar, some less familiar; arid the topic seems appropriate for a ‘generalist’ audience of ecclesiastical history specialists. It should be said at once that th…
The Romanesque Church of S.0 BÉnigne at Dijon and MS. 591 in the BibliothÈque Municipale
The Rise of the Artist in the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance
Little of this is easy reading.The chapters of this book are derived from lectures that Mr. Baxandall prepared for students of history at London University, and there is a certain casualness about the language that makes some of the reasoning a little elusive.And we may not entirely agree with the point of his thesis.But what Mr. Baxandall is talking about in this book is new and important material, and there are few readers who will not find the…
The Fur of the Tabby‐cat
The Light of Early Italian Painting by Paul Hills , New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987, 160 pp., 32 colour plates, 84 b. & w. illus., £20
The Knights and the Bed of Stones
(1989). The Knights and the Bed of Stones: A Learned Confusion of the Fourteenth Century. Journal of the British Archaeological Association: Vol. 142, No. 1, pp. 66-74
Patrons and Minders
From the twelfth century onwards it became common for sacred spaces—that is, churches—to be invaded by objects and imagery which are often surprising and bizarre and which, in their secular-ity, have little to do with the fundamental teachings of Christianity. Many of these objects are familiar, some less familiar; arid the topic seems appropriate for a ‘generalist’ audience of ecclesiastical history specialists. It should be said at once that th…
The Venetian Sala Del Gran Consiglio and its Fourteenth-Century Decoration
This paper is intended as a contribution to a wider study of medieval secular decoration; but its starting point is the Doge's Palace in Venice. The medieval decoration of that palace has never received the direct and minute attention devoted to the magnificent decorations of later centuries. That is not to say that the original schemes have been entirely neglected; but they tend to be subordinated to discussions of the ‘Venetian Renaissance’ and…
The Child in the Picture
THE subject of this paper is the child in art about the year 1300. Some years ago, while studying the Tuscan painter Simone Martini (active c . 1310-44), I noticed that he painted what seemed to be an unusually large number of scenes involving children; and I was curious to know whether this was as special or as interesting as at first appeared. As my knowledge increased, the subject broadened to involve the more general issue of change. Around 1…
Theodolinda
This paper arises out of an art historian’s interest in the frescoes of ‘Queen Theodolinda’s chapel’ in the cathedral of Monza, executed c . 1444 by the brothers Zavattari. Although these paintings have aroused intense regional interest, outside Italy they are possibly less well-known than they deserve to be. They call forth the questions of how and why Theodolinda – a ‘barbarian’ queen who lived in the late sixth and early seventh centuries – co…
Martini, Simone
Identifying expedient glass tools from a post-contact Tsimshian village using low power (10–100×) magnification
A Hunter-Gatherer Paramount Chiefdom
Quantifying the defensiveness of defended sites on the Northwest Coast of North America
Mapping of subsurface shell midden components through percussion coring
Entanglement and tinkering
The concept of `entanglement' in contact encounters emphasizes the power and agency of individuals, particularly Indigenous leaders, to confront colonial and capitalist hegemonic forces. Consequently, entanglement presents a necessary comparison of scale, a link between the situated actions of individuals and the broader patterns of history. While the former is theoretically complex, the latter is often contrasted as a static and stagnant essenti…
Seasonality and Intensity of Shellfish Harvesting on the North Coast of British Columbia
Biogeochemical and growth increment analyses show contrasting seasonal patterns of butter clam collection and rates of harvest intensity between archaeological shell midden sites from the Dundas Islands archipelago and the mainland coast in Prince Rupert Harbour, northern British Columbia. Growth increment analysis shows more intensive clam harvest in the Dundas Islands in comparison to the residential sites in Prince Rupert Harbour. Stable oxyge…
Archaeology Taken to Court
Tsimshian Houses and Households through the Contact Period
A Marine Reservoir Effect ∆R Value for Kitandach, in Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, Canada
Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180 km 2 . These sites span the last 9500 yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000 m 2 surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates from marine shell for developing chronologies.…
Radiocarbon test for demographic events in written and oral history
Significance Indigenous oral traditions remain a very controversial source of historical knowledge in Western scientific, humanistic, and legal traditions. Likewise, demographic models using radiocarbon-based simulation methods are controversial. We rigorously test the historicity of indigenous Tsimshian oral records ( adawx ) using an extended simulation-based method. Our methodology is able to detect short-duration (1–2 centuries) demographic e…
Urbanism in Northern Tsimshian archaeology
We consider the provocative idea of whether urbanism as a condition or process is visible in Northern Tsimshian archaeology. We define the condition of urbanism through four traits, each of which we associate with measurable variables. We explore changes in these across the study area in 100-year time bins over 6000 years. We also consider urbanism as a process that includes five kinds of relations. We consider these through six chronological sta…
Assessing the Scale and Pace of Large Shell-Bearing Site Occupation in the Prince Rupert Harbour Area, British Columbia
Methodological advancements in geoarchaeology and spatial and chronological modeling are opening new avenues to interpreting large coastal shell-bearing sites. We document the developmental histories of two such sites around Prince Rupert Harbour, Canada, using systematic percussion coring, intensive radiocarbon dating, and 3D surface mapping with Total Station and LiDAR. We also re-analyze a third site (Boardwalk/GbTo-31) excavated and radiocarb…
The role of small villages in Northern Tsimshian territory from oral and archaeological records
Small villages have been central to progressive models of hunter-gatherer-fisher complexity on the Northwest Coast as a stage in the narrative of increasingly nonegalitarian social relations. We argue that Tsimshian settlement history is more complicated. We examine settlement and chronological data for 66 village sites in the Tsimshian area, 22 of which we define as small. Small villages were present in the area as early as 6500 years ago, but t…
Finding eulachon
Archaeological Survey of Dynamic Coastal Landscapes and Paleoshorelines
We present and test a predictive archaeological survey model that targets early Holocene paleoshorelines in the Prince Rupert Harbour area using LiDAR bare earth digital terrain models and a 15,000-year reconstructed history of relative sea level change. Despite a century of archaeological research in the study area, no sites dating earlier than 6000 cal b.p. had been identified prior to our research. Our field survey identified three early Holoc…
Estimating Marine Reservoir Effects in Archaeological Chronologies
The best method for quantifying the marine reservoir effect (MRE) using the global IntCal Marine13 calibration curve remains unresolved. Archaeologists frequently quantify uncertainty on MRE values as errors computed from single pairs of marine-terrestrial radiocarbon ages, which we argue significantly overstates their accuracy and precision. Here, we review the assumptions, methods, and applications of estimating MRE via an estimate of the addit…
Archaeology (22 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (21 works) · History (19 works) · Geography (18 works) · Art (11 works) · History (11 works) · Geology (10 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (8 works) · Political science (8 works)