Long Cao
Biographic Data
| ID | 3795284 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Long Cao |
| GIVEN NAMES | Long |
| FAMILY NAME | Cao |
| SIGNATURE | CAO L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Zhejiang University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8336-4242 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 13 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Effect of regional marine cloud brightening on land climate
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is one of the proposed climate intervention methods aiming to reduce anthropogenic warming. In this study, we use the CESM Earth system model to examine the land climate consequences of regional MCB. MCB is implemented from year 2031 by seeding sea salt aerosols into low-level clouds over 5% of the global area that is most susceptible to cloud brightening. Under the background scenario of SSP2-4.5, this MCB deployme…
Style over substance: The Making of Iron “Toys” for Emperor Wen’s Afterlife
Deterioration mechanisms of archaeological wood inside the bronze parts of excavated chariots from the Western Han dynasty
Contrasting climate and carbon-cycle consequences of fossil-fuel use versus deforestation disturbance
Carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation disturbance (e.g. clear-cutting, forest fires) are in the same units as carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. However, if the forest is allowed to regrow, there is a large difference between climate effects of that forest disturbance and climate effects of fossil CO 2 . In this study, using a set of idealized global climate-carbon model simulations with equal amounts of CO 2 emissions, we show tha…
Why must a solar forcing be larger than a CO 2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change
Many previous studies have shown that a solar forcing must be greater than a CO 2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change but a process-based mechanistic explanation is lacking in the literature. In this study, we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for the lower efficacy of solar forcing compared to an equivalent CO 2 forcing. Radiative forcing is estimated using the Gregory method that regresses top-of-atmos…
Response of ocean acidification to a gradual increase and decrease of atmospheric CO 2
We perform coupled climate–carbon cycle model simulations to examine changes in ocean acidity in response to idealized change of atmospheric CO _2 . Atmospheric CO _2 increases at a rate of 1% per year to four times its pre-industrial level of 280 ppm and then decreases at the same rate to the pre-industrial level. Our simulations show that changes in surface ocean chemistry largely follow changes in atmospheric CO _2 . However, changes in deep o…
Sensitivity of ocean acidification and oxygen to the uncertainty in climate change
Due to increasing atmospheric CO _2 concentrations and associated climate change, the global ocean is undergoing substantial physical and biogeochemical changes. Among these, changes in ocean oxygen and carbonate chemistry have great implication for marine biota. There is considerable uncertainty in the projections of future climate change, and it is unclear how the uncertainty in climate change would also affect the projection of oxygen and carb…
Rethinking wedges
Stabilizing CO _2 emissions at current levels for fifty years is not consistent with either an atmospheric CO _2 concentration below 500 ppm or global temperature increases below 2 °C. Accepting these targets, solving the climate problem requires that emissions peak and decline in the next few decades, and ultimately fall to near zero. Phasing out emissions over 50 years could be achieved by deploying on the order of 19 ‘wedges’, each of which ra…
Climate response to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and solar irradiance on the time scale of days to weeks
Recent studies show that fast climate response on time scales of less than a month can have important implications for long-term climate change. In this study, we investigate climate response on the time scale of days to weeks to a step-function quadrupling of atmospheric CO _2 and contrast this with the response to a 4% increase in solar irradiance. Our simulations show that significant climate effects occur within days of a stepwise increase in…
Sensitivity of terrestrial water and energy budgets to CO 2 -physiological forcing: An investigation using an offline land model
Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) influence climate by suppressing canopy transpiration in addition to its well-known greenhouse gas effect. The decrease in plant transpiration is due to changes in plant physiology (reduced opening of plant stomata). Here, we quantify such changes in water flux for various levels of CO2 concentrations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Community Land Model. We …
Climate forcing and response to idealized changes in surface latent and sensible heat
Land use and land cover changes affect the partitioning of latent and sensible heat, which impacts the broader climate system. Increased latent heat flux to the atmosphere has a local cooling influence known as `evaporative cooling', but this energy will be released back to the atmosphere wherever the water condenses. However, the extent to which local evaporative cooling provides a global cooling influence has not been well characterized. Here, …
Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal: Long-term consequences and commitment
Carbon capture from ambient air has been proposed as a mitigation strategy to counteract anthropogenic climate change. We use an Earth system model to investigate the response of the coupled climate–carbon system to an instantaneous removal of all anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. In our extreme and idealized simulations, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are halted and all anthropogenic CO2 is removed from the atmosphere at year 2050 under the IP…
Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide
CO 2 released from combustion of fossil fuels equilibrates among the various carbon reservoirs of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere on timescales of a few centuries. However, a sizeable fraction of the CO 2 remains in the atmosphere, awaiting a return to the solid earth by much slower weathering processes and deposition of CaCO 3 . Common measures of the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 , including the e-folding time scale, dis…
Atmospheric Lifetime of Fossil Fuel Carbon Dioxide
CO 2 released from combustion of fossil fuels equilibrates among the various carbon reservoirs of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere on timescales of a few centuries. However, a sizeable fraction of the CO 2 remains in the atmosphere, awaiting a return to the solid earth by much slower weathering processes and deposition of CaCO 3 . Common measures of the atmospheric lifetime of CO 2 , including the e-folding time scale, dis…
Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal: Long-term consequences and commitment
Carbon capture from ambient air has been proposed as a mitigation strategy to counteract anthropogenic climate change. We use an Earth system model to investigate the response of the coupled climate–carbon system to an instantaneous removal of all anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere. In our extreme and idealized simulations, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are halted and all anthropogenic CO2 is removed from the atmosphere at year 2050 under the IP…
Sensitivity of terrestrial water and energy budgets to CO 2 -physiological forcing: An investigation using an offline land model
Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) influence climate by suppressing canopy transpiration in addition to its well-known greenhouse gas effect. The decrease in plant transpiration is due to changes in plant physiology (reduced opening of plant stomata). Here, we quantify such changes in water flux for various levels of CO2 concentrations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Community Land Model. We …
Climate forcing and response to idealized changes in surface latent and sensible heat
Land use and land cover changes affect the partitioning of latent and sensible heat, which impacts the broader climate system. Increased latent heat flux to the atmosphere has a local cooling influence known as `evaporative cooling', but this energy will be released back to the atmosphere wherever the water condenses. However, the extent to which local evaporative cooling provides a global cooling influence has not been well characterized. Here, …
Climate response to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and solar irradiance on the time scale of days to weeks
Recent studies show that fast climate response on time scales of less than a month can have important implications for long-term climate change. In this study, we investigate climate response on the time scale of days to weeks to a step-function quadrupling of atmospheric CO _2 and contrast this with the response to a 4% increase in solar irradiance. Our simulations show that significant climate effects occur within days of a stepwise increase in…
Rethinking wedges
Stabilizing CO _2 emissions at current levels for fifty years is not consistent with either an atmospheric CO _2 concentration below 500 ppm or global temperature increases below 2 °C. Accepting these targets, solving the climate problem requires that emissions peak and decline in the next few decades, and ultimately fall to near zero. Phasing out emissions over 50 years could be achieved by deploying on the order of 19 ‘wedges’, each of which ra…
Response of ocean acidification to a gradual increase and decrease of atmospheric CO 2
We perform coupled climate–carbon cycle model simulations to examine changes in ocean acidity in response to idealized change of atmospheric CO _2 . Atmospheric CO _2 increases at a rate of 1% per year to four times its pre-industrial level of 280 ppm and then decreases at the same rate to the pre-industrial level. Our simulations show that changes in surface ocean chemistry largely follow changes in atmospheric CO _2 . However, changes in deep o…
Sensitivity of ocean acidification and oxygen to the uncertainty in climate change
Due to increasing atmospheric CO _2 concentrations and associated climate change, the global ocean is undergoing substantial physical and biogeochemical changes. Among these, changes in ocean oxygen and carbonate chemistry have great implication for marine biota. There is considerable uncertainty in the projections of future climate change, and it is unclear how the uncertainty in climate change would also affect the projection of oxygen and carb…
Why must a solar forcing be larger than a CO 2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change
Many previous studies have shown that a solar forcing must be greater than a CO 2 forcing to cause the same global mean surface temperature change but a process-based mechanistic explanation is lacking in the literature. In this study, we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for the lower efficacy of solar forcing compared to an equivalent CO 2 forcing. Radiative forcing is estimated using the Gregory method that regresses top-of-atmos…
Contrasting climate and carbon-cycle consequences of fossil-fuel use versus deforestation disturbance
Carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation disturbance (e.g. clear-cutting, forest fires) are in the same units as carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. However, if the forest is allowed to regrow, there is a large difference between climate effects of that forest disturbance and climate effects of fossil CO 2 . In this study, using a set of idealized global climate-carbon model simulations with equal amounts of CO 2 emissions, we show tha…
Deterioration mechanisms of archaeological wood inside the bronze parts of excavated chariots from the Western Han dynasty
Effect of regional marine cloud brightening on land climate
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is one of the proposed climate intervention methods aiming to reduce anthropogenic warming. In this study, we use the CESM Earth system model to examine the land climate consequences of regional MCB. MCB is implemented from year 2031 by seeding sea salt aerosols into low-level clouds over 5% of the global area that is most susceptible to cloud brightening. Under the background scenario of SSP2-4.5, this MCB deployme…
Style over substance: The Making of Iron “Toys” for Emperor Wen’s Afterlife
Atmospheric sciences (10 works) · Environmental Science (10 works) · Climate change (9 works) · Geology (8 works) · Climatology (7 works) · Carbon dioxide (6 works) · Geography (6 works) · Greenhouse gas (6 works) · Meteorology (6 works) · Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics (5 works)