Brad W Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 3797976 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Brad W Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | Brad W |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH B W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Wayne State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 257 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
The Relationship of Hispanic Threat with Police-Caused Homicide: What Roles do Nativity and Region Play
Minority threat theory hypothesizes that police exert greater coercive control over racial/ethnic groups perceived as dangerous in cities with relatively large and residentially segregated minority populations. One line of research testing this hypothesis examines the relationships of percent minority and minority segregation with the incidence of police-caused homicide. The limited research on Hispanics provides little supporting evidence for mi…
Social-psychological dynamics of police-minority relations: An evolutionary interpretation
Fear of retaliation and citizen willingness to cooperate with police
Qualitative research has shown that fear of retaliation influences an individual’s willingness to cooperate with the police. This research has shown that those who are fearful of being retaliated against are less likely to cooperate with the police (Clayman, C. and Skinns, L., 2012. To snitch or not to snitch? An exploratory study of the factors influencing whether young people actively cooperate with the police. Policing and society: an internat…
Citizens' perceptions of police in rural US communities: A multilevel analysis of contextual, organisational and individual predictors
There has been little research on citizens' attitudes about policing in rural communities in the USA, and existing studies do not examine the effects of community characteristics on these attitudes. We extend this work theoretically and analytically by considering the effects of community context, police organisation and individual characteristics on attitudes about police. Using data for a large sample of citizens residing in 98 small towns in I…
Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses
Journal Article Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses Get access Brad W. Smith, Brad W. Smith Direct correspondence to: Brad W. Smith, Department of Criminal Justice, FAB 3291, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm D. Holmes Malcolm D…
Race/Ethnicity and Perceptions of Police Bias: The Case of Chinese Immigrants
Although race remains a prominent predictor of citizen perceptions of criminal injustice, little research has examined Asian Americans. Drawing upon survey data from the East Coast, this study examines how Chinese immigrants perceive police bias and what factors explain their perceptions. Results show that the majority of respondents believe that police bias exists. Chinese immigrants' perceptions are less attributable to their direct experiences…
Minority Threat, Crime Control, and Police Resource Allocation in the Southwestern United States
Numerous studies have examined political influences on communities' allocations of fiscal and personnel resources to policing. Rational choice theory maintains that these resources are distributed in accordance with the need for crime control, whereas conflict theory argues that they are allocated with the aim of controlling racial and ethnic minorities. Existing research more consistently supports the conflict argument, but important issues rema…
Race and Police Brutality: Roots of an Urban Dilemma
Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police
During the past 20 years, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes. The present study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when respondi…
Religion and Abortion Attitudes Among U.S. Hispanics: Findings from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey
Objective. The goal of this article is to examine the relationship between religious involvement, gauged mainly in terms of affiliation and frequency of attendance at services, and abortion attitudes among three major Hispanic subgroups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. Method. The study analyzes data from the Latino National Political Survey, a sample of over 2,700 U.S. Hispanics completed in 1990. Results. Committed (i.e.,…
Structural and organizational predictors of homicide by police
The present study examined homicides by police officers, testing threat, community violence, and organizational hypotheses. Using UCR, SHR, Census, and LEMAS data the study extends previous research by examining the relative impact of community violence, inequality and race, and organizational characteristics on the number of killings of felons by police officers in large US cities. The findings show that measures of racial threat and community v…
Community Accountability, Minority Threat, and Police Brutality: An Examination of Civil Rights Criminal Complaints
A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hyp…
The Impact of Police Officer Diversity on Police‐Caused Homicides
Macrolevel studies of police killings generally focus on testing the conflict and community violence hypotheses. This research generally supports both the conflict proposition that minority threat is related to police violence and the community violence proposition that locations with higher levels of violence have a greater number of police‐caused homicides. However, some of the most common proposals to reduce police‐citizen violence, namely cha…
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses
Journal Article Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses Get access Brad W. Smith, Brad W. Smith Direct correspondence to: Brad W. Smith, Department of Criminal Justice, FAB 3291, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm D. Holmes Malcolm D…
Community Accountability, Minority Threat, and Police Brutality: An Examination of Civil Rights Criminal Complaints
A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hyp…
The Impact of Police Officer Diversity on Police‐Caused Homicides
Macrolevel studies of police killings generally focus on testing the conflict and community violence hypotheses. This research generally supports both the conflict proposition that minority threat is related to police violence and the community violence proposition that locations with higher levels of violence have a greater number of police‐caused homicides. However, some of the most common proposals to reduce police‐citizen violence, namely cha…
Religion and Abortion Attitudes Among U.S. Hispanics: Findings from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey
Objective. The goal of this article is to examine the relationship between religious involvement, gauged mainly in terms of affiliation and frequency of attendance at services, and abortion attitudes among three major Hispanic subgroups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. Method. The study analyzes data from the Latino National Political Survey, a sample of over 2,700 U.S. Hispanics completed in 1990. Results. Committed (i.e.,…
Fear of retaliation and citizen willingness to cooperate with police
Qualitative research has shown that fear of retaliation influences an individual’s willingness to cooperate with the police. This research has shown that those who are fearful of being retaliated against are less likely to cooperate with the police (Clayman, C. and Skinns, L., 2012. To snitch or not to snitch? An exploratory study of the factors influencing whether young people actively cooperate with the police. Policing and society: an internat…
Citizens' perceptions of police in rural US communities: A multilevel analysis of contextual, organisational and individual predictors
There has been little research on citizens' attitudes about policing in rural communities in the USA, and existing studies do not examine the effects of community characteristics on these attitudes. We extend this work theoretically and analytically by considering the effects of community context, police organisation and individual characteristics on attitudes about police. Using data for a large sample of citizens residing in 98 small towns in I…
Social-psychological dynamics of police-minority relations: An evolutionary interpretation
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
Multijurisdictional drug task forces
Community Accountability, Minority Threat, and Police Brutality: An Examination of Civil Rights Criminal Complaints
A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hyp…
The Impact of Police Officer Diversity on Police‐Caused Homicides
Macrolevel studies of police killings generally focus on testing the conflict and community violence hypotheses. This research generally supports both the conflict proposition that minority threat is related to police violence and the community violence proposition that locations with higher levels of violence have a greater number of police‐caused homicides. However, some of the most common proposals to reduce police‐citizen violence, namely cha…
Structural and organizational predictors of homicide by police
The present study examined homicides by police officers, testing threat, community violence, and organizational hypotheses. Using UCR, SHR, Census, and LEMAS data the study extends previous research by examining the relative impact of community violence, inequality and race, and organizational characteristics on the number of killings of felons by police officers in large US cities. The findings show that measures of racial threat and community v…
Exploring the Basis of Citizens’ Attitudes Toward the Police
During the past 20 years, there has been an expanding body of research examining citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Most of this research has been directed at assessing the determinants of these attitudes. In contrast, less attention has been focused on the reasons why citizens hold certain attitudes. The present study uses the survey responses of 613 residents of a midwestern city to examine the information accessed by citizens when respondi…
Religion and Abortion Attitudes Among U.S. Hispanics: Findings from the 1990 Latino National Political Survey
Objective. The goal of this article is to examine the relationship between religious involvement, gauged mainly in terms of affiliation and frequency of attendance at services, and abortion attitudes among three major Hispanic subgroups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. Method. The study analyzes data from the Latino National Political Survey, a sample of over 2,700 U.S. Hispanics completed in 1990. Results. Committed (i.e.,…
Minority Threat, Crime Control, and Police Resource Allocation in the Southwestern United States
Numerous studies have examined political influences on communities' allocations of fiscal and personnel resources to policing. Rational choice theory maintains that these resources are distributed in accordance with the need for crime control, whereas conflict theory argues that they are allocated with the aim of controlling racial and ethnic minorities. Existing research more consistently supports the conflict argument, but important issues rema…
Race and Police Brutality: Roots of an Urban Dilemma
Race/Ethnicity and Perceptions of Police Bias: The Case of Chinese Immigrants
Although race remains a prominent predictor of citizen perceptions of criminal injustice, little research has examined Asian Americans. Drawing upon survey data from the East Coast, this study examines how Chinese immigrants perceive police bias and what factors explain their perceptions. Results show that the majority of respondents believe that police bias exists. Chinese immigrants' perceptions are less attributable to their direct experiences…
Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses
Journal Article Police Use of Excessive Force in Minority Communities: A Test of the Minority Threat, Place, and Community Accountability Hypotheses Get access Brad W. Smith, Brad W. Smith Direct correspondence to: Brad W. Smith, Department of Criminal Justice, FAB 3291, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Malcolm D. Holmes Malcolm D…
Citizens' perceptions of police in rural US communities: A multilevel analysis of contextual, organisational and individual predictors
There has been little research on citizens' attitudes about policing in rural communities in the USA, and existing studies do not examine the effects of community characteristics on these attitudes. We extend this work theoretically and analytically by considering the effects of community context, police organisation and individual characteristics on attitudes about police. Using data for a large sample of citizens residing in 98 small towns in I…
Fear of retaliation and citizen willingness to cooperate with police
Qualitative research has shown that fear of retaliation influences an individual’s willingness to cooperate with the police. This research has shown that those who are fearful of being retaliated against are less likely to cooperate with the police (Clayman, C. and Skinns, L., 2012. To snitch or not to snitch? An exploratory study of the factors influencing whether young people actively cooperate with the police. Policing and society: an internat…
Social-psychological dynamics of police-minority relations: An evolutionary interpretation
The Relationship of Hispanic Threat with Police-Caused Homicide: What Roles do Nativity and Region Play
Minority threat theory hypothesizes that police exert greater coercive control over racial/ethnic groups perceived as dangerous in cities with relatively large and residentially segregated minority populations. One line of research testing this hypothesis examines the relationships of percent minority and minority segregation with the incidence of police-caused homicide. The limited research on Hispanics provides little supporting evidence for mi…
Crime Patterns and Interventions (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Policing Practices and Perceptions (11 works) · Criminology (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Law (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Gun Ownership and Violence Research (6 works) · Law (5 works)