Ingela Lundin Kvalem
Biographic Data
| ID | 3801331 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ingela Lundin Kvalem |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ingela Lundin |
| FAMILY NAME | Kvalem |
| SIGNATURE | KVALEM I L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oslo |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2406-2102 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 96 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 33 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Identifying Drivers of Nonconsensual Intimate Image Sharing: A Mixed-Methods Synthesis of Perpetrator Research
Echoing the many and serious consequences of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images (NCSII), calls for preventive measures have reverberated across public, legal, and academic discourses. However, at present, empirical insights that could aid the development of perpetrator-focused interventions remain fragmented. Responding to this predicament, we carried out a mixed-methods research synthesis through which we aimed to identify and distill all …
Trajectories of severe eating disorders through pregnancy and early motherhood
ED trajectories through pregnancy and early motherhood vary greatly among women with a history of EDs. This may indicate different psychological dynamics through these phases. A model with five trajectories captures a large degree of the variation. The model may help clinicians' preparedness when dealing with these patients
Exploring Sexual Satisfaction in Lesbian and Bisexual Women from a Minority Stress Perspective
Sexual health among lesbian and bisexual (LB) women has largely been studied in the context of sexual health behaviors. Less is known about aspects of sexual health such as sexual satisfaction and minority stress processes as possible predictors of sexual satisfaction. This study explored sexual satisfaction and minority stress in LB women. Single and partnered cisgender LB women (N = 627) were compared on measures of sexual satisfaction and prox…
It Spread Like Wildfire, as These Things Do: Exploring Mechanisms of Harm in Young Norwegians’ Experiences of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
It is widely reported that image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) victimization is linked to a wide range of detrimental outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. However, knowledge about what shapes victims' experiences remains limited. To explore underlying mechanisms of harm in IBSA incidents, the present study drew on the concept of appraisal to elucidate the various meanings that victims attach to IBSA. For this purpose, we ca…
Bente Træen (15. Oktober 1958 – 17. April 2023)
Am 17. April dieses Jahres ist Prof. Bente Træen verstorben. Sie war die bekannteste norwegische Forscherin auf dem Gebiet der Sexualwissenschaft. Bente Træen wurde 1958 geboren und wuchs an verschiedenen Orten in Norwegen sowie im Ausland auf. Ihre berufliche Laufbahn begann sie zunächst als Zahnärztin. Aus ihrem ganzheitlichen Gesundheitsverständnis heraus bewarb sie sich dann um eine Promotionsstelle bei der norwegischen Gesundheitsbehörde in …
Constructions of Sexual Identities in the Ageing Body: A Qualitative Exploration of Older Norwegian Adults’ Negotiation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction
Older adults face age-related changes as well as stigma in relation to their bodies and sexuality, challenging their understanding of themselves as sexual, thought to impact both sexual desire, activity and satisfaction. A qualitative study with a semi-structured interview was completed with 32 people, aged 65–85, to investigate how older people construct understanding of their self as sexual in an ageing body. The analysis generated two main the…
Satisfaction with Singlehood and Sexual Activity
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Norwegians are satisfied with their singlehood, and to determine the association between being single and sexual activity. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a representative web sample of 1076 unpartnered individuals (568 women, 508 men) aged 18–89 years. A total of 45.2% of the single respondents reported being satisfied with being single, while 33.9% reported being unsa…
Gender Differences in Sending Nude Pictures and Videos Across Multiple Relationship Contexts in the Adult Norwegian Population
The Longer it is, the Closer One Feels: Perception of Emotional Closeness to the Partner, Relationship Duration, Sexual Activity, and Satisfaction in Married and Cohabiting Persons in Norway
This study explores the connection between relationship duration and feelings of closeness in Norwegian men and women, and the association with sexual satisfaction and activity. A sample of 4160 Norwegians aged 18–89 years was enrolled from a randomly selected web panel of 11,685 Norwegians. This study focused on participants who were married or cohabiting (1432 men, 1207 women). Closeness was the highest for men and women who had been with their…
Associations between body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and aging anxiety with depression, and appearance-related behaviors in women in mid-life
The impacts of body dissatisfaction have been widely studied among adolescent girls, but much less in women in mid-life. In this study, we evaluated the associations between body dissatisfaction, psychological health and behaviors used to manage age-related changes, in an online survey of 331 women aged 45-65. Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance and aging anxiety were associated with higher depression scores. Moreover, importance of ap…
Sexual Variety in Norwegian Men and Women of Different Sexual Orientations and Ages
The purpose of this study was to examine Norwegians' reports of seven varied sexual acts. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a probability-based web sample of 2,181 men and 1,967 women aged 18-89 years. Among seven acts of sexual variety, the most common sexual experiences were trying to watch pornography with a partner, engaging in sex in unusual places, and using sex toys. Older age was negatively associated with all sexual behav…
Barriers and Facilitating Factors in Help-Seeking: A Qualitative Study on How Older Adults Experience Talking about Sexual Issues With Healthcare Personnel
Objective: Barriers to help-seeking for sexual issues endanger sexual health rights of the growing population of older adults. This study set out to explore older Norwegian adults’ experience of help-seeking for sexual issues. Methods: Thirty-two men and women aged 65–85 years were interviewed. Five themes were identified using thematic analysis: (1) Dynamics in communication, (2) Understandings of sexuality, (3) Knowledge and competence, (4) Att…
Mental health and psychosocial characteristics of breast augmentation patients
Cosmetic breast surgery experience and a wide range of mental health, psychosocial, and sociodemographic variables were assessed in the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study ( N = 78,252). Breast augmentation patients reported elevated mental health problems. Factors in the domains of physical appearance, drug use, relationships, and exposure to abuse were all related to breast augmentation. Adjusting for such factors reduced t…
Experiences of Non-consensual Sex of Older Adult Men and Women in Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal
European older adults’ use of the Internet and social networks for love and sex
What is the prevalence of using the Internet for love and sexual activities among older adults across Europe, and what predicts such use? Data were collected in probability samples among populations aged 60–75 years in Norway (N = 1271), Denmark (N = 1045), Belgium (N = 991), and Portugal (N = 509) using postal questionnaires. A total of 36% of men and 15% of women reported having used the Internet for sex and love purposes, most often to watch p…
Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Older Men and Women Across Europe: Similarities, Differences, and Associations with Their Sex Lives
Body Image Development and Sexual Satisfaction: A Prospective Study From Adolescence to Adulthood
The aim of the current study was to explore whether developmental trajectories of body satisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood predicted measures of sexual satisfaction in young adulthood, even when controlling for important covariates such as gender, weight development, relationship status, mental health, and frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation. Data were collected from a population-based prospective cohort of Norwegian ado…
Sexuality in Older Adults (65+)—An Overview of The Recent Literature, Part 2: Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction
Objectives: the aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the literature published 2005-2015 on sexual satisfaction and body image in older adults. Method: A narrative literature search using the PsycINFO database was conducted. Results: Although women in general seem less satisfied with their bodies than men, particularly in sexual contexts, older women appear to be less vulnerable to body-related dissatisfaction than younger women. Despite …
Sexuality in Older Adults (65+)—An Overview of the Literature, Part 1: Sexual Function and its Difficulties
Objectives: The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of literature on sexual function and sexual difficulties in older adults. Method: The authors conducted a narrative review of papers published in English between January 2005 and July 2015 based on an extensive search in PsycINFO. Results: The review showed that although common biological changes may adversely affect sexual function in old age, sexual experience seems to also b…
Self-esteem Among Young Bisexual Women in Norway: A 13-year Longitudinal Study
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-esteem, perception of social acceptance and feeling of loneliness in a sample of young bisexual, lesbian and heterosexual women, including assessing self-esteem longitudinally across 13 years. The analyses were based on self-completed questionnaires from the longitudinal study “Young in Norway” (13 years follow-up, 1992-2005). N=1,598 female participants at baseline and follo…
Internet Pornography Use, Body Ideals, and Sexual Self-Esteem in Norwegian Gay and Bisexual Men
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perception of own appearance, Internet pornography consumption, preferences for pornographic actors' appearance, and sexual self-esteem in gay and bisexual men in Norway. An online survey of 477 gay and bisexual men showed that, despite the prevailing muscular and lean gay body ideal, many men with less ideal bodies also preferred to watch pornographic actors with body types simila…
Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Mediating role of self-esteem and depression
The development of global and domain-specific self-esteem from age 13 to 31
This study examines the development of global self-esteem and self-esteem in 6 specific domains across adolescence and young adulthood. Using a cohort-sequential design, we analyzed longitudinal data on 3,116 Norwegian men and women from 13 to 31 years of age by means of growth curve modeling. Questionnaire data provided information on global self-esteem and self-esteem in social, academic, athletic, and appearance domains. Data on important life…
Persistence during Tasks with Horses in Relation to Social Support, General Self-efficacy and Self-esteem in Adolescents
In young people, interactions with horses may contribute to the development of social skills and self-efficacy. Our aim was to identify relationships between psychological variables and young people's experience of activities with horses. Participants in this study were 13–15-year-old adolescents (n = 25), given a 4-month intervention consisting of weekly sessions of stable work and horseback riding. We investigated the relationship between psych…
Self-perceived effects of Internet pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem among young Scandinavian adults
This study examined the associations among the frequency of viewing Internet pornography, beliefs about how realistically pornography portrays sex, self-perceived effects of one’s pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem in young adults. Online data were collected from four convenience samples of university students from Norway and Sweden, members of a queer youth organization, and readers of an erotic magazine. Be…
Internet Pornography Use, Body Ideals, and Sexual Self-Esteem in Norwegian Gay and Bisexual Men
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perception of own appearance, Internet pornography consumption, preferences for pornographic actors' appearance, and sexual self-esteem in gay and bisexual men in Norway. An online survey of 477 gay and bisexual men showed that, despite the prevailing muscular and lean gay body ideal, many men with less ideal bodies also preferred to watch pornographic actors with body types simila…
The development of global and domain-specific self-esteem from age 13 to 31
This study examines the development of global self-esteem and self-esteem in 6 specific domains across adolescence and young adulthood. Using a cohort-sequential design, we analyzed longitudinal data on 3,116 Norwegian men and women from 13 to 31 years of age by means of growth curve modeling. Questionnaire data provided information on global self-esteem and self-esteem in social, academic, athletic, and appearance domains. Data on important life…
Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Older Men and Women Across Europe: Similarities, Differences, and Associations with Their Sex Lives
Body Image Development and Sexual Satisfaction: A Prospective Study From Adolescence to Adulthood
The aim of the current study was to explore whether developmental trajectories of body satisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood predicted measures of sexual satisfaction in young adulthood, even when controlling for important covariates such as gender, weight development, relationship status, mental health, and frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation. Data were collected from a population-based prospective cohort of Norwegian ado…
Secular trends and sociodemographic regularities of coital debut age in Norway
Constructions of Sexual Identities in the Ageing Body: A Qualitative Exploration of Older Norwegian Adults’ Negotiation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction
Older adults face age-related changes as well as stigma in relation to their bodies and sexuality, challenging their understanding of themselves as sexual, thought to impact both sexual desire, activity and satisfaction. A qualitative study with a semi-structured interview was completed with 32 people, aged 65–85, to investigate how older people construct understanding of their self as sexual in an ageing body. The analysis generated two main the…
Sexual Variety in Norwegian Men and Women of Different Sexual Orientations and Ages
The purpose of this study was to examine Norwegians' reports of seven varied sexual acts. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a probability-based web sample of 2,181 men and 1,967 women aged 18-89 years. Among seven acts of sexual variety, the most common sexual experiences were trying to watch pornography with a partner, engaging in sex in unusual places, and using sex toys. Older age was negatively associated with all sexual behav…
Sexual socialization and motives for intercourse among Norwegian adolescents
Satisfaction with Singlehood and Sexual Activity
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Norwegians are satisfied with their singlehood, and to determine the association between being single and sexual activity. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a representative web sample of 1076 unpartnered individuals (568 women, 508 men) aged 18–89 years. A total of 45.2% of the single respondents reported being satisfied with being single, while 33.9% reported being unsa…
Body Talk and Body Ideals Among Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Mixed-Gender Focus Group Study
This study explores how body ideals are discussed among adolescent boys and girls in 5 mixed-gender focus groups ( n = 37). The ways in which boys and girls talk about bodies differed clearly within the focus group conversations as well as in the everyday situations described in the interviews. The boys were more concrete in their description of ideal bodies in the focus groups but reported less engagement in everyday body talk. The study demonst…
It Spread Like Wildfire, as These Things Do: Exploring Mechanisms of Harm in Young Norwegians’ Experiences of Image-Based Sexual Abuse
It is widely reported that image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) victimization is linked to a wide range of detrimental outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. However, knowledge about what shapes victims' experiences remains limited. To explore underlying mechanisms of harm in IBSA incidents, the present study drew on the concept of appraisal to elucidate the various meanings that victims attach to IBSA. For this purpose, we ca…
Body Talk—Group Specific Talk? A Focus Group Study of Variations in Body Ideals and Body Talk among Norwegian Youth 1
The study investigates how body ideals are discussed and conceptualized among groups of Norwegian youth. Altogether 48 girls and 15 boys, most aged 17 years, took part in nine focus groups, in order to study subcultural body ideals. Major differences were found between east-end and west-end boys (representing socioeconomic differences), where the former were more concerned about being big. Even though the ideals were more or less the same across …
The Longer it is, the Closer One Feels: Perception of Emotional Closeness to the Partner, Relationship Duration, Sexual Activity, and Satisfaction in Married and Cohabiting Persons in Norway
This study explores the connection between relationship duration and feelings of closeness in Norwegian men and women, and the association with sexual satisfaction and activity. A sample of 4160 Norwegians aged 18–89 years was enrolled from a randomly selected web panel of 11,685 Norwegians. This study focused on participants who were married or cohabiting (1432 men, 1207 women). Closeness was the highest for men and women who had been with their…
Cosmetic surgery and the relationship between appearance satisfaction and extraversion: Testing a transactional model of personality
Investigating the relationship between past contraceptive behaviour, self‐efficacy, and anticipated shame and guilt in sexual contexts among Norwegian adolescents
What are the relationships between self‐efficacy when communicating to the partner about use of contraception, stopping undesired intercourse, and perceived self‐conscious emotions in sexual contexts? How does past contraceptive behaviour influence perceived self‐efficacy? These research questions were studied among 399 10th grade students with coital experience in the county Nordland in Norway. Two dimensions of perceived emotional responses wer…
Self-Efficacy, Scripts of Love and Intention to Use Condoms Among Norwegian Adolescents
Secular trends and sociodemographic regularities of coital debut age in Norway
Sexual socialization and motives for intercourse among Norwegian adolescents
Self-Efficacy, Scripts of Love and Intention to Use Condoms Among Norwegian Adolescents
Investigating the relationship between past contraceptive behaviour, self‐efficacy, and anticipated shame and guilt in sexual contexts among Norwegian adolescents
What are the relationships between self‐efficacy when communicating to the partner about use of contraception, stopping undesired intercourse, and perceived self‐conscious emotions in sexual contexts? How does past contraceptive behaviour influence perceived self‐efficacy? These research questions were studied among 399 10th grade students with coital experience in the county Nordland in Norway. Two dimensions of perceived emotional responses wer…
Cosmetic surgery and the relationship between appearance satisfaction and extraversion: Testing a transactional model of personality
Equine-assisted activities and the impact on perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy among adolescents – an intervention study
In this project, we examined the effect of a 4-month intervention with horses on perceived social support, self-esteem and general self-efficacy among Norwegian adolescents aged 12-15 years. The intervention took place at farm-based stables and included work with the horses and riding. A waiting-list crossover design was used and the participants answered questionnaires at three time periods. Study I ( N = 49) examined the effect of the intervent…
Body Talk—Group Specific Talk? A Focus Group Study of Variations in Body Ideals and Body Talk among Norwegian Youth 1
The study investigates how body ideals are discussed and conceptualized among groups of Norwegian youth. Altogether 48 girls and 15 boys, most aged 17 years, took part in nine focus groups, in order to study subcultural body ideals. Major differences were found between east-end and west-end boys (representing socioeconomic differences), where the former were more concerned about being big. Even though the ideals were more or less the same across …
Self-perceived effects of Internet pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem among young Scandinavian adults
This study examined the associations among the frequency of viewing Internet pornography, beliefs about how realistically pornography portrays sex, self-perceived effects of one’s pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem in young adults. Online data were collected from four convenience samples of university students from Norway and Sweden, members of a queer youth organization, and readers of an erotic magazine. Be…
Body Talk and Body Ideals Among Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Mixed-Gender Focus Group Study
This study explores how body ideals are discussed among adolescent boys and girls in 5 mixed-gender focus groups ( n = 37). The ways in which boys and girls talk about bodies differed clearly within the focus group conversations as well as in the everyday situations described in the interviews. The boys were more concrete in their description of ideal bodies in the focus groups but reported less engagement in everyday body talk. The study demonst…
Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: Mediating role of self-esteem and depression
The development of global and domain-specific self-esteem from age 13 to 31
This study examines the development of global self-esteem and self-esteem in 6 specific domains across adolescence and young adulthood. Using a cohort-sequential design, we analyzed longitudinal data on 3,116 Norwegian men and women from 13 to 31 years of age by means of growth curve modeling. Questionnaire data provided information on global self-esteem and self-esteem in social, academic, athletic, and appearance domains. Data on important life…
Persistence during Tasks with Horses in Relation to Social Support, General Self-efficacy and Self-esteem in Adolescents
In young people, interactions with horses may contribute to the development of social skills and self-efficacy. Our aim was to identify relationships between psychological variables and young people's experience of activities with horses. Participants in this study were 13–15-year-old adolescents (n = 25), given a 4-month intervention consisting of weekly sessions of stable work and horseback riding. We investigated the relationship between psych…
Internet Pornography Use, Body Ideals, and Sexual Self-Esteem in Norwegian Gay and Bisexual Men
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between perception of own appearance, Internet pornography consumption, preferences for pornographic actors' appearance, and sexual self-esteem in gay and bisexual men in Norway. An online survey of 477 gay and bisexual men showed that, despite the prevailing muscular and lean gay body ideal, many men with less ideal bodies also preferred to watch pornographic actors with body types simila…
Sexuality in Older Adults (65+)—An Overview of The Recent Literature, Part 2: Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction
Objectives: the aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the literature published 2005-2015 on sexual satisfaction and body image in older adults. Method: A narrative literature search using the PsycINFO database was conducted. Results: Although women in general seem less satisfied with their bodies than men, particularly in sexual contexts, older women appear to be less vulnerable to body-related dissatisfaction than younger women. Despite …
Sexuality in Older Adults (65+)—An Overview of the Literature, Part 1: Sexual Function and its Difficulties
Objectives: The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of literature on sexual function and sexual difficulties in older adults. Method: The authors conducted a narrative review of papers published in English between January 2005 and July 2015 based on an extensive search in PsycINFO. Results: The review showed that although common biological changes may adversely affect sexual function in old age, sexual experience seems to also b…
Self-esteem Among Young Bisexual Women in Norway: A 13-year Longitudinal Study
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-esteem, perception of social acceptance and feeling of loneliness in a sample of young bisexual, lesbian and heterosexual women, including assessing self-esteem longitudinally across 13 years. The analyses were based on self-completed questionnaires from the longitudinal study “Young in Norway” (13 years follow-up, 1992-2005). N=1,598 female participants at baseline and follo…
European older adults’ use of the Internet and social networks for love and sex
What is the prevalence of using the Internet for love and sexual activities among older adults across Europe, and what predicts such use? Data were collected in probability samples among populations aged 60–75 years in Norway (N = 1271), Denmark (N = 1045), Belgium (N = 991), and Portugal (N = 509) using postal questionnaires. A total of 36% of men and 15% of women reported having used the Internet for sex and love purposes, most often to watch p…
Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Older Men and Women Across Europe: Similarities, Differences, and Associations with Their Sex Lives
Body Image Development and Sexual Satisfaction: A Prospective Study From Adolescence to Adulthood
The aim of the current study was to explore whether developmental trajectories of body satisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood predicted measures of sexual satisfaction in young adulthood, even when controlling for important covariates such as gender, weight development, relationship status, mental health, and frequency of sexual intercourse and masturbation. Data were collected from a population-based prospective cohort of Norwegian ado…
Experiences of Non-consensual Sex of Older Adult Men and Women in Norway, Denmark, Belgium and Portugal
Barriers and Facilitating Factors in Help-Seeking: A Qualitative Study on How Older Adults Experience Talking about Sexual Issues With Healthcare Personnel
Objective: Barriers to help-seeking for sexual issues endanger sexual health rights of the growing population of older adults. This study set out to explore older Norwegian adults’ experience of help-seeking for sexual issues. Methods: Thirty-two men and women aged 65–85 years were interviewed. Five themes were identified using thematic analysis: (1) Dynamics in communication, (2) Understandings of sexuality, (3) Knowledge and competence, (4) Att…
Mental health and psychosocial characteristics of breast augmentation patients
Cosmetic breast surgery experience and a wide range of mental health, psychosocial, and sociodemographic variables were assessed in the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study ( N = 78,252). Breast augmentation patients reported elevated mental health problems. Factors in the domains of physical appearance, drug use, relationships, and exposure to abuse were all related to breast augmentation. Adjusting for such factors reduced t…
Associations between body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance, and aging anxiety with depression, and appearance-related behaviors in women in mid-life
The impacts of body dissatisfaction have been widely studied among adolescent girls, but much less in women in mid-life. In this study, we evaluated the associations between body dissatisfaction, psychological health and behaviors used to manage age-related changes, in an online survey of 331 women aged 45-65. Body dissatisfaction, importance of appearance and aging anxiety were associated with higher depression scores. Moreover, importance of ap…
Sexual Variety in Norwegian Men and Women of Different Sexual Orientations and Ages
The purpose of this study was to examine Norwegians' reports of seven varied sexual acts. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a probability-based web sample of 2,181 men and 1,967 women aged 18-89 years. Among seven acts of sexual variety, the most common sexual experiences were trying to watch pornography with a partner, engaging in sex in unusual places, and using sex toys. Older age was negatively associated with all sexual behav…
Satisfaction with Singlehood and Sexual Activity
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Norwegians are satisfied with their singlehood, and to determine the association between being single and sexual activity. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of a representative web sample of 1076 unpartnered individuals (568 women, 508 men) aged 18–89 years. A total of 45.2% of the single respondents reported being satisfied with being single, while 33.9% reported being unsa…
Psychology (30 works) · Developmental psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (18 works) · Norwegian (17 works) · Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology (15 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Population (13 works) · Demography (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works)