Shale Horowitz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3820981 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Shale Horowitz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Shale |
| FAMILY NAME | Horowitz |
| SIGNATURE | HOROWITZ S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 72 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 23 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
China in 2024
In 2024, China continued to grapple with slowing economic growth at home and hardening confrontation with the US-led coalition abroad. Xi Jinping initially responded to the real estate crisis and the associated weakness in private-sector investment and consumption primarily with accelerated, state-led investment in high-technology industries and supply chains. When this failed to stabilize the economy and achieve the 5% GDP growth target, Xi was …
The War on Israel
The paroxysm of anti-Israel and antisemitic sentiment on college campuses after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel drew national attention to the torpid response of officials at several elite campuses, including Columbia and Stanford Universities. But Shale Horowitz tells us the failure to enforce laws and university rules on harassment may have been even more egregious at the state University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Western Self-Hatred
Rather than move away from its Marxist faith the Western left seeks to “conserve and justify it through a more uncompromising hatred” of the West
International Territorial Dispute Preferences in China and the United States
Within international relations theory, there is significant disagreement on the nature and significance of leaders’ dispute outcome preferences. While many variants of realism assume that such preferences are relatively fixed and homogeneous, both the liberal and the constructivist schools view them as significant variables. This debate remains unresolved because, for the standard large-sample conflict data sets, there are no direct measures of l…
Leadership Preferences in Ethno-Territorial Disputes
In the conflict bargaining literature, three variables have a primary explanatory role: relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences. While leadership preferences loom large in case study research, they are either absent or poorly proxied in large-N statistical studies. Using a series of three experiments, we test for the effects of relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences on decisions to apply variou…
Holding China’s West
Bibliographie / Bibliography
Government turnover
While government turnover is often thought of as an adverse source of instability, it may also be viewed as a favourable source of competition and institution‐building. To articulate and test such hypotheses, this article describes two main concepts of government turnover: leadership turnover, or change in rulers, and ideological turnover, or change in the rulers' ideology. Refinements involve the mode, outcome and timing of turnover. The article…
Political Alternation As A Restraint On Investing In Influence
"The authors develop and implement a method for measuring the frequency of changes in power among distinct leaders and ideologically distinct parties that is comparable across political systems. The authors find that more frequent alternation in power is associated with the emergence of better governance in post communist countries. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that firms seek durable protection from the state, which implies tha…
Party Systems and Economic Policy Change in Postcommunist Democracies Ideological Consensus and Institutional Competition
Much attention has been devoted to the development of party systems in postcommunist democracies. Most of this work has focused on the maturation or institutionalization of the party systems, that is, on the process of generating a more institutionally fixed and well-organized set of parties with more stable support bases.' This article looks at policy consequences of party system development. Although case studies of policy consequences examine …
Identity and Change in East Asian Conflicts
This book examines the changing national identities that are transforming East Asia - pushing China and Taiwan apart and toward a showdown, while propping up a weakened North Korea. Accomplished contr
Islam and Ethnic Conflict
The end of the Cold War drew increasing attention to ongoing and new ethnic conflicts—particularly because many of the high-profile new conflicts broke out amid the ruins of communism. Since 11 September 2001 there has been even more discussion about whether and how Islam contributes to international and civilizational conflict. However, there has been little work attempting to understand whether Islam plays any distinctive role in ethnic conflic…
Debate
In the post-communist world, war appears to set back democracy. But pre-transition, prewar levels of democracy may predict both war and post-communist levels of democracy. After controlling for initial levels of democracy, it might emerge that war has no significant impact on later levels of democracy. These conjectures are supported if the years of regime change are used to measure pre-transition, prewar democracy. However, this measure is inapp…
Sources of Post-Communist Party System Consolidation
What are the causes of party system consolidation in the postcommunist democracies? It is frequently hypothesized that differences in electoral systems and presidential powers help to explain variation in party system consolidation. In addition, it can be argued that the numbers and support levels of political parties should be affected by the ideological peculiarities of different countries' voting publics. Population size might also be expected…
Structural Sources of Post-Communist Market Reform
Why did some post-communist countries implement more thorough market reforms than others? Four different structural explanations are considered: (1) relative size of economic interest group coalitions hurt by market reform; (2) predominant religious traditions, which may incorporate norms and institutions more or less favorable to market reform; (3) variation in historically based national economic and political expectations, in which greater pre…
Restarting Globalization after World War II
The present period of economic globalization originated following World War II. Given the strongly protectionist tendencies prevailing at the time, how did this happen? Structural economic and military causes, along with intervening coalitional and institutional factors, are considered. Trade policy change is examined in the five largest trading economies—Britain, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the United States. Structural e…
Reversing Globalization
How did World War I reverse decades of apparently irresistible economic globalization? Why, in particular, did World War I produce a worldwide surge in international trade protection? Three mechanisms are investigated: (1) The War diverted production and international trade in a way that strengthened protectionist coalitions of industries relative to free-trading coalitions. (2) The War reduced financial interdependence and altered exchange rates…
Sources of Post-communist Democratization
The fall of communist regimes and the breakup of the multinational Soviet and Yugoslav states produced a remarkable experiment in regime change. Twenty-eight old, new and revived states emerged. While most adopted democratic institutions, many others evolved new variants of authoritarian rule. Some new democracies maintained much higher standards in upholding formal democratic rules and complementary freedoms of the press and political organizati…
War After Communism
How did war affect political and economic reform efforts across the post-communist world? War is hypothesized to have a negative political impact through three main mechanisms: distraction from any peacetime political and economic reform agenda; military defeat and disruption, and associated weakening or militarization of state authority; and postwar economic isolation. After controlling for cultural, economic, and institutional factors, statisti…
Democratization, dispersed interest groups, and economic reform in South Korea
Explaining Peasant-Farmer Hegemony in Redistributive Politics
What are the most important cleavages created by political struggles over redistributive economic policies? What are the likely policy outcomes of these struggles? The classic answer to the first question is that the most important cleavage is that of class, dividing rich and poor. The class-based model is usually not taken to yield clear predictions about outcomes, because rich and poor would be expected to engage in an inconclusive bidding war …
Explaining Post-Soviet Ethnic Conflicts
The collapse of the Soviet Union unleashed a number of violent, usually secessionist ethnic conflicts. These conflicts were typically intensified (or “escalated”) by foreign intervention. Although there is a great deal of consensus about the fundamental forces driving these conflicts and their escalation, there remain considerable theoretical differences about how to understand these factors and assess their relative importance. These differences…
The Jewish Exodus from the New South Africa
In the 1990s, the Jewish population of South Africa declined at an unprecedented rate in marked contrast to Jewish populations in other English‐speaking countries. Possible explanations include fear of political instability and political violence, deteriorating economic conditions and prospects, fear of directly discriminatory government policies, rising violent crime rates, and more permissive immigration policies in desirable destination countr…
The Balance of Power
A game-theoretic model is used to show that the balance-of-power mechanism has much greater formal power than hitherto understood. Under the strong assumption that all threatened countries must be able to function as crucial coalition partners in deterring any threat, all members of minimum winning coalitions are guaranteed not to lose any resources. Under the traditional, weaker assumption that some coalition must be available to deter any threa…
Government turnover
While government turnover is often thought of as an adverse source of instability, it may also be viewed as a favourable source of competition and institution‐building. To articulate and test such hypotheses, this article describes two main concepts of government turnover: leadership turnover, or change in rulers, and ideological turnover, or change in the rulers' ideology. Refinements involve the mode, outcome and timing of turnover. The article…
Sources of Post-Communist Party System Consolidation
What are the causes of party system consolidation in the postcommunist democracies? It is frequently hypothesized that differences in electoral systems and presidential powers help to explain variation in party system consolidation. In addition, it can be argued that the numbers and support levels of political parties should be affected by the ideological peculiarities of different countries' voting publics. Population size might also be expected…
The Jewish Exodus from the New South Africa
In the 1990s, the Jewish population of South Africa declined at an unprecedented rate in marked contrast to Jewish populations in other English‐speaking countries. Possible explanations include fear of political instability and political violence, deteriorating economic conditions and prospects, fear of directly discriminatory government policies, rising violent crime rates, and more permissive immigration policies in desirable destination countr…
Structural Sources of Post-Communist Market Reform
Why did some post-communist countries implement more thorough market reforms than others? Four different structural explanations are considered: (1) relative size of economic interest group coalitions hurt by market reform; (2) predominant religious traditions, which may incorporate norms and institutions more or less favorable to market reform; (3) variation in historically based national economic and political expectations, in which greater pre…
War After Communism
How did war affect political and economic reform efforts across the post-communist world? War is hypothesized to have a negative political impact through three main mechanisms: distraction from any peacetime political and economic reform agenda; military defeat and disruption, and associated weakening or militarization of state authority; and postwar economic isolation. After controlling for cultural, economic, and institutional factors, statisti…
Party Systems and Economic Policy Change in Postcommunist Democracies Ideological Consensus and Institutional Competition
Much attention has been devoted to the development of party systems in postcommunist democracies. Most of this work has focused on the maturation or institutionalization of the party systems, that is, on the process of generating a more institutionally fixed and well-organized set of parties with more stable support bases.' This article looks at policy consequences of party system development. Although case studies of policy consequences examine …
Holding China’s West
Debate
In the post-communist world, war appears to set back democracy. But pre-transition, prewar levels of democracy may predict both war and post-communist levels of democracy. After controlling for initial levels of democracy, it might emerge that war has no significant impact on later levels of democracy. These conjectures are supported if the years of regime change are used to measure pre-transition, prewar democracy. However, this measure is inapp…
Explaining Peasant-Farmer Hegemony in Redistributive Politics
What are the most important cleavages created by political struggles over redistributive economic policies? What are the likely policy outcomes of these struggles? The classic answer to the first question is that the most important cleavage is that of class, dividing rich and poor. The class-based model is usually not taken to yield clear predictions about outcomes, because rich and poor would be expected to engage in an inconclusive bidding war …
Islam and Ethnic Conflict
The end of the Cold War drew increasing attention to ongoing and new ethnic conflicts—particularly because many of the high-profile new conflicts broke out amid the ruins of communism. Since 11 September 2001 there has been even more discussion about whether and how Islam contributes to international and civilizational conflict. However, there has been little work attempting to understand whether Islam plays any distinctive role in ethnic conflic…
Sources of Post-communist Democratization
The fall of communist regimes and the breakup of the multinational Soviet and Yugoslav states produced a remarkable experiment in regime change. Twenty-eight old, new and revived states emerged. While most adopted democratic institutions, many others evolved new variants of authoritarian rule. Some new democracies maintained much higher standards in upholding formal democratic rules and complementary freedoms of the press and political organizati…
Explaining Post-Soviet Ethnic Conflicts
The collapse of the Soviet Union unleashed a number of violent, usually secessionist ethnic conflicts. These conflicts were typically intensified (or “escalated”) by foreign intervention. Although there is a great deal of consensus about the fundamental forces driving these conflicts and their escalation, there remain considerable theoretical differences about how to understand these factors and assess their relative importance. These differences…
The Balance of Power
A game-theoretic model is used to show that the balance-of-power mechanism has much greater formal power than hitherto understood. Under the strong assumption that all threatened countries must be able to function as crucial coalition partners in deterring any threat, all members of minimum winning coalitions are guaranteed not to lose any resources. Under the traditional, weaker assumption that some coalition must be available to deter any threa…
Explaining Post-Soviet Ethnic Conflicts
The collapse of the Soviet Union unleashed a number of violent, usually secessionist ethnic conflicts. These conflicts were typically intensified (or “escalated”) by foreign intervention. Although there is a great deal of consensus about the fundamental forces driving these conflicts and their escalation, there remain considerable theoretical differences about how to understand these factors and assess their relative importance. These differences…
The Jewish Exodus from the New South Africa
In the 1990s, the Jewish population of South Africa declined at an unprecedented rate in marked contrast to Jewish populations in other English‐speaking countries. Possible explanations include fear of political instability and political violence, deteriorating economic conditions and prospects, fear of directly discriminatory government policies, rising violent crime rates, and more permissive immigration policies in desirable destination countr…
The Balance of Power
A game-theoretic model is used to show that the balance-of-power mechanism has much greater formal power than hitherto understood. Under the strong assumption that all threatened countries must be able to function as crucial coalition partners in deterring any threat, all members of minimum winning coalitions are guaranteed not to lose any resources. Under the traditional, weaker assumption that some coalition must be available to deter any threa…
Democratization, dispersed interest groups, and economic reform in South Korea
Explaining Peasant-Farmer Hegemony in Redistributive Politics
What are the most important cleavages created by political struggles over redistributive economic policies? What are the likely policy outcomes of these struggles? The classic answer to the first question is that the most important cleavage is that of class, dividing rich and poor. The class-based model is usually not taken to yield clear predictions about outcomes, because rich and poor would be expected to engage in an inconclusive bidding war …
Sources of Post-communist Democratization
The fall of communist regimes and the breakup of the multinational Soviet and Yugoslav states produced a remarkable experiment in regime change. Twenty-eight old, new and revived states emerged. While most adopted democratic institutions, many others evolved new variants of authoritarian rule. Some new democracies maintained much higher standards in upholding formal democratic rules and complementary freedoms of the press and political organizati…
War After Communism
How did war affect political and economic reform efforts across the post-communist world? War is hypothesized to have a negative political impact through three main mechanisms: distraction from any peacetime political and economic reform agenda; military defeat and disruption, and associated weakening or militarization of state authority; and postwar economic isolation. After controlling for cultural, economic, and institutional factors, statisti…
Structural Sources of Post-Communist Market Reform
Why did some post-communist countries implement more thorough market reforms than others? Four different structural explanations are considered: (1) relative size of economic interest group coalitions hurt by market reform; (2) predominant religious traditions, which may incorporate norms and institutions more or less favorable to market reform; (3) variation in historically based national economic and political expectations, in which greater pre…
Restarting Globalization after World War II
The present period of economic globalization originated following World War II. Given the strongly protectionist tendencies prevailing at the time, how did this happen? Structural economic and military causes, along with intervening coalitional and institutional factors, are considered. Trade policy change is examined in the five largest trading economies—Britain, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the United States. Structural e…
Reversing Globalization
How did World War I reverse decades of apparently irresistible economic globalization? Why, in particular, did World War I produce a worldwide surge in international trade protection? Three mechanisms are investigated: (1) The War diverted production and international trade in a way that strengthened protectionist coalitions of industries relative to free-trading coalitions. (2) The War reduced financial interdependence and altered exchange rates…
Sources of Post-Communist Party System Consolidation
What are the causes of party system consolidation in the postcommunist democracies? It is frequently hypothesized that differences in electoral systems and presidential powers help to explain variation in party system consolidation. In addition, it can be argued that the numbers and support levels of political parties should be affected by the ideological peculiarities of different countries' voting publics. Population size might also be expected…
Debate
In the post-communist world, war appears to set back democracy. But pre-transition, prewar levels of democracy may predict both war and post-communist levels of democracy. After controlling for initial levels of democracy, it might emerge that war has no significant impact on later levels of democracy. These conjectures are supported if the years of regime change are used to measure pre-transition, prewar democracy. However, this measure is inapp…
Identity and Change in East Asian Conflicts
This book examines the changing national identities that are transforming East Asia - pushing China and Taiwan apart and toward a showdown, while propping up a weakened North Korea. Accomplished contr
Islam and Ethnic Conflict
The end of the Cold War drew increasing attention to ongoing and new ethnic conflicts—particularly because many of the high-profile new conflicts broke out amid the ruins of communism. Since 11 September 2001 there has been even more discussion about whether and how Islam contributes to international and civilizational conflict. However, there has been little work attempting to understand whether Islam plays any distinctive role in ethnic conflic…
Political Alternation As A Restraint On Investing In Influence
"The authors develop and implement a method for measuring the frequency of changes in power among distinct leaders and ideologically distinct parties that is comparable across political systems. The authors find that more frequent alternation in power is associated with the emergence of better governance in post communist countries. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that firms seek durable protection from the state, which implies tha…
Party Systems and Economic Policy Change in Postcommunist Democracies Ideological Consensus and Institutional Competition
Much attention has been devoted to the development of party systems in postcommunist democracies. Most of this work has focused on the maturation or institutionalization of the party systems, that is, on the process of generating a more institutionally fixed and well-organized set of parties with more stable support bases.' This article looks at policy consequences of party system development. Although case studies of policy consequences examine …
Government turnover
While government turnover is often thought of as an adverse source of instability, it may also be viewed as a favourable source of competition and institution‐building. To articulate and test such hypotheses, this article describes two main concepts of government turnover: leadership turnover, or change in rulers, and ideological turnover, or change in the rulers' ideology. Refinements involve the mode, outcome and timing of turnover. The article…
Bibliographie / Bibliography
Holding China’s West
Leadership Preferences in Ethno-Territorial Disputes
In the conflict bargaining literature, three variables have a primary explanatory role: relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences. While leadership preferences loom large in case study research, they are either absent or poorly proxied in large-N statistical studies. Using a series of three experiments, we test for the effects of relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences on decisions to apply variou…
International Territorial Dispute Preferences in China and the United States
Within international relations theory, there is significant disagreement on the nature and significance of leaders’ dispute outcome preferences. While many variants of realism assume that such preferences are relatively fixed and homogeneous, both the liberal and the constructivist schools view them as significant variables. This debate remains unresolved because, for the standard large-sample conflict data sets, there are no direct measures of l…
Western Self-Hatred
Rather than move away from its Marxist faith the Western left seeks to “conserve and justify it through a more uncompromising hatred” of the West
The War on Israel
The paroxysm of anti-Israel and antisemitic sentiment on college campuses after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas attack on Israel drew national attention to the torpid response of officials at several elite campuses, including Columbia and Stanford Universities. But Shale Horowitz tells us the failure to enforce laws and university rules on harassment may have been even more egregious at the state University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
China in 2024
In 2024, China continued to grapple with slowing economic growth at home and hardening confrontation with the US-led coalition abroad. Xi Jinping initially responded to the real estate crisis and the associated weakness in private-sector investment and consumption primarily with accelerated, state-led investment in high-technology industries and supply chains. When this failed to stabilize the economy and achieve the 5% GDP growth target, Xi was …
Political science (23 works) · Politics (20 works) · Law (19 works) · Economics (18 works) · Political economy (15 works) · Law (13 works) · Development economics (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Communism (9 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (9 works)