George R Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 3824993 |
|---|---|
| NAME | George R Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | George R |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN G R |
| AFFILIATIONS | East Tennessee State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 107 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Impact of Gender Identity Field in the Veterans Health Administration Electronic Health Record, 2016‒2023
Objectives. To distinguish differences in physical and mental health between transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) veterans identified via diagnostic codes, self-identification, and their combination. Methods. We used sociodemographic characteristics and physical and mental health diagnoses for TGD veterans receiving care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Results. Among the cohort of 12 745 TGD veterans, 69.3% were identified solely using s…
Differences in Methods of Suicide Death Among Transgender and Nontransgender Patients in the Veterans Health Administration, 1999–2016
BACKGROUND: Limited research suggests that rates of suicide death among transgender people may be higher than their nontransgender peers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare rates of suicide deaths by different means between transgender and nontransgender patients. RESEARCH DESIGN: This secondary analysis used VHA administrative and electronic health record (EHR) data from October 1, 1999 through December 31, 2016. SUBJECTS: Tra…
Exploring Rural Disparities in Medical Diagnoses Among Veterans With Transgender-related Diagnoses Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
OBJECTIVES: Research shows transgender individuals experience pronounced health disparities compared with their nontransgender peers. Yet, there remains insufficient research about health differences within transgender populations. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring how current urban/rural status is associated with lifetime diagnosis of mood disorder, alcohol dependence disorder, illicit drug abuse disorder, tobacco use, posttraumatic…
Mental Health of Transgender Veterans in US States With and Without Discrimination and Hate Crime Legal Protection
Objectives. To examine whether indicators of community- and state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality are associated with transgender veterans’ mental health. Methods. We extracted Veterans Administration data for patients who were diagnosed with gender identity disorder, had at least 1 visit in 2013, and lived in a zip code with a Municipality Equality Index score (n = 1640). We examined the associations of whether a state inc…
Medical Aspects of Transgender Military Service
At least eighteen countries allow transgender personnel to serve openly, but the United States is not among them. In this article, we assess whether US military policies that ban transgender service members are based on medically sound rationales. To do so, we analyze Defense Department regulations and consider a wide range of medical data. Our conclusion is that there is no compelling medical reason for the ban on service by transgender personne…
Access to Care for Transgender Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
A 2011 Veterans Health Administration directive mandated medically necessary care for transgender veterans. Internal education efforts informed staff of the directive and promoted greater access to care. For fiscal years 2006 through 2013, we identified 2662 unique individuals with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnoses related to transgender status in Veterans Health Administration medical records, with 40% of new cas…
Racial Health Disparities in a Cohort of 5,135 Transgender Veterans
Prevalence of Gender Identity Disorder and Suicide Risk Among Transgender Veterans Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
Objectives. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of gender identity disorder (GID) diagnoses among veterans in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care system and examined suicide risk among veterans with a GID diagnosis. Methods. We examined VHA electronic medical records from 2000 through 2011 for 2 official ICD-9 diagnosis codes that indicate transgender status. We generated annual period prevalence estimates and calculated in…
Voice Parameters That Result in Identification or Misidentification of Biological Gender in Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans
The objective of this study was to examine the voices of male-to-female (MtF) transgender veterans and biological females that can result in identification or misidentification of biological gender. Twenty-one MtF transgender veterans and 9 cis-gender females were enrolled. The interaction of speaking fundamental frequency (SFo) and formant (resonatory) frequencies in gender discrimination was investigated. The results indicated that an average S…
Autocastration and Autopenectomy as Surgical Self-Treatment in Incarcerated Persons with Gender Identity Disorder
The author reports on a case series of four inmates who engaged in attempted or completed surgical self-treatment of their gender dysphoria via autocastration, autopenectomy, or a combination in the absence of concomitant psychosis, intoxication, or other comorbidities that could reasonably account for this rare behavior. These behaviors occurred in the context of persistent denials of access to transgender health care in prison settings. The lit…
U.S. Veterans with Gender Identity Disturbances
This study describes the largest population of veterans referred for a gender identity disorder (GID) evaluation. Most were self-referred, others were referred by their commanding officer. A search of the English language literature revealed no similar studies on veterans other than a pilot project by the second author. Methods: Retrospective descriptive data were obtained from chart reviews of 70 U.S. veterans who were evaluated by the second au…
Family and Systems Aggression Toward Therapists
Mental health professionals who work with transgender clients often report feeling unsupported by colleagues and/or the institutions that employ them. Moreover, family members of transgendered clientsmay aggress against the therapist, whom they see as assisting their family member in this shame-producing gender transition. To test the prevalence of direct and indirect acts of aggression against therapists who work with transgendered clients, a qu…
The Future of GID NOS in the DSM 5
The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (GID NOS) is used to describe individuals who have gender issues but do not meet the current criteria for GID. As part of a consensus process conducted by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, the authors make the following recommendations for DSM 5: removal from the chapter on sexual disorders, more specific diagnostic criteria, retention of clinical si…
Recommended Revisions to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care Section on Medical Care for Incarcerated Persons with Gender Identity Disorder
The introduction of comments regarding the care of persons with gender identity disorder (GID) residing in prison settings began in 1998 with Version 5 of the Standards of Care (SOC), the first major revision of the SOC since 1985. Minor revisions to this brief section were made for Version 6 in 2001. Since 2001, there have been many legal and regulatory actions in countries where the SOC are widely used as the minimum standards to evaluate and t…
Client Aggression Towards Therapists
It is well known that clients occasionally threaten or assault their therapists. No studies to date have attempted to systematically measure client aggression by transgender patients towards clinicians. One of the major questions of this study was to determine if clients with gender dysphoria have greater levels of aggression towards therapists than non-gender dysphoric clients. One hundred and fourteen professional therapists who are members of …
Women in relationships with cross-dressing men
Transvestites' women revisited
Transsexuals in the military
Prevalence of Gender Identity Disorder and Suicide Risk Among Transgender Veterans Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
Objectives. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of gender identity disorder (GID) diagnoses among veterans in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care system and examined suicide risk among veterans with a GID diagnosis. Methods. We examined VHA electronic medical records from 2000 through 2011 for 2 official ICD-9 diagnosis codes that indicate transgender status. We generated annual period prevalence estimates and calculated in…
Access to Care for Transgender Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
A 2011 Veterans Health Administration directive mandated medically necessary care for transgender veterans. Internal education efforts informed staff of the directive and promoted greater access to care. For fiscal years 2006 through 2013, we identified 2662 unique individuals with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnoses related to transgender status in Veterans Health Administration medical records, with 40% of new cas…
U.S. Veterans with Gender Identity Disturbances
This study describes the largest population of veterans referred for a gender identity disorder (GID) evaluation. Most were self-referred, others were referred by their commanding officer. A search of the English language literature revealed no similar studies on veterans other than a pilot project by the second author. Methods: Retrospective descriptive data were obtained from chart reviews of 70 U.S. veterans who were evaluated by the second au…
Mental Health of Transgender Veterans in US States With and Without Discrimination and Hate Crime Legal Protection
Objectives. To examine whether indicators of community- and state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality are associated with transgender veterans’ mental health. Methods. We extracted Veterans Administration data for patients who were diagnosed with gender identity disorder, had at least 1 visit in 2013, and lived in a zip code with a Municipality Equality Index score (n = 1640). We examined the associations of whether a state inc…
Transsexuals in the military
Racial Health Disparities in a Cohort of 5,135 Transgender Veterans
Autocastration and Autopenectomy as Surgical Self-Treatment in Incarcerated Persons with Gender Identity Disorder
The author reports on a case series of four inmates who engaged in attempted or completed surgical self-treatment of their gender dysphoria via autocastration, autopenectomy, or a combination in the absence of concomitant psychosis, intoxication, or other comorbidities that could reasonably account for this rare behavior. These behaviors occurred in the context of persistent denials of access to transgender health care in prison settings. The lit…
Medical Aspects of Transgender Military Service
At least eighteen countries allow transgender personnel to serve openly, but the United States is not among them. In this article, we assess whether US military policies that ban transgender service members are based on medically sound rationales. To do so, we analyze Defense Department regulations and consider a wide range of medical data. Our conclusion is that there is no compelling medical reason for the ban on service by transgender personne…
Voice Parameters That Result in Identification or Misidentification of Biological Gender in Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans
The objective of this study was to examine the voices of male-to-female (MtF) transgender veterans and biological females that can result in identification or misidentification of biological gender. Twenty-one MtF transgender veterans and 9 cis-gender females were enrolled. The interaction of speaking fundamental frequency (SFo) and formant (resonatory) frequencies in gender discrimination was investigated. The results indicated that an average S…
The Future of GID NOS in the DSM 5
The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (GID NOS) is used to describe individuals who have gender issues but do not meet the current criteria for GID. As part of a consensus process conducted by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, the authors make the following recommendations for DSM 5: removal from the chapter on sexual disorders, more specific diagnostic criteria, retention of clinical si…
Transvestites' women revisited
Impact of Gender Identity Field in the Veterans Health Administration Electronic Health Record, 2016‒2023
Objectives. To distinguish differences in physical and mental health between transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) veterans identified via diagnostic codes, self-identification, and their combination. Methods. We used sociodemographic characteristics and physical and mental health diagnoses for TGD veterans receiving care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Results. Among the cohort of 12 745 TGD veterans, 69.3% were identified solely using s…
Women in relationships with cross-dressing men
Transsexuals in the military
Transvestites' women revisited
Women in relationships with cross-dressing men
Client Aggression Towards Therapists
It is well known that clients occasionally threaten or assault their therapists. No studies to date have attempted to systematically measure client aggression by transgender patients towards clinicians. One of the major questions of this study was to determine if clients with gender dysphoria have greater levels of aggression towards therapists than non-gender dysphoric clients. One hundred and fourteen professional therapists who are members of …
Recommended Revisions to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care Section on Medical Care for Incarcerated Persons with Gender Identity Disorder
The introduction of comments regarding the care of persons with gender identity disorder (GID) residing in prison settings began in 1998 with Version 5 of the Standards of Care (SOC), the first major revision of the SOC since 1985. Minor revisions to this brief section were made for Version 6 in 2001. Since 2001, there have been many legal and regulatory actions in countries where the SOC are widely used as the minimum standards to evaluate and t…
Autocastration and Autopenectomy as Surgical Self-Treatment in Incarcerated Persons with Gender Identity Disorder
The author reports on a case series of four inmates who engaged in attempted or completed surgical self-treatment of their gender dysphoria via autocastration, autopenectomy, or a combination in the absence of concomitant psychosis, intoxication, or other comorbidities that could reasonably account for this rare behavior. These behaviors occurred in the context of persistent denials of access to transgender health care in prison settings. The lit…
U.S. Veterans with Gender Identity Disturbances
This study describes the largest population of veterans referred for a gender identity disorder (GID) evaluation. Most were self-referred, others were referred by their commanding officer. A search of the English language literature revealed no similar studies on veterans other than a pilot project by the second author. Methods: Retrospective descriptive data were obtained from chart reviews of 70 U.S. veterans who were evaluated by the second au…
Family and Systems Aggression Toward Therapists
Mental health professionals who work with transgender clients often report feeling unsupported by colleagues and/or the institutions that employ them. Moreover, family members of transgendered clientsmay aggress against the therapist, whom they see as assisting their family member in this shame-producing gender transition. To test the prevalence of direct and indirect acts of aggression against therapists who work with transgendered clients, a qu…
The Future of GID NOS in the DSM 5
The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (GID NOS) is used to describe individuals who have gender issues but do not meet the current criteria for GID. As part of a consensus process conducted by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, the authors make the following recommendations for DSM 5: removal from the chapter on sexual disorders, more specific diagnostic criteria, retention of clinical si…
Voice Parameters That Result in Identification or Misidentification of Biological Gender in Male-to-Female Transgender Veterans
The objective of this study was to examine the voices of male-to-female (MtF) transgender veterans and biological females that can result in identification or misidentification of biological gender. Twenty-one MtF transgender veterans and 9 cis-gender females were enrolled. The interaction of speaking fundamental frequency (SFo) and formant (resonatory) frequencies in gender discrimination was investigated. The results indicated that an average S…
Prevalence of Gender Identity Disorder and Suicide Risk Among Transgender Veterans Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
Objectives. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of gender identity disorder (GID) diagnoses among veterans in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care system and examined suicide risk among veterans with a GID diagnosis. Methods. We examined VHA electronic medical records from 2000 through 2011 for 2 official ICD-9 diagnosis codes that indicate transgender status. We generated annual period prevalence estimates and calculated in…
Access to Care for Transgender Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration
A 2011 Veterans Health Administration directive mandated medically necessary care for transgender veterans. Internal education efforts informed staff of the directive and promoted greater access to care. For fiscal years 2006 through 2013, we identified 2662 unique individuals with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnoses related to transgender status in Veterans Health Administration medical records, with 40% of new cas…
Racial Health Disparities in a Cohort of 5,135 Transgender Veterans
Medical Aspects of Transgender Military Service
At least eighteen countries allow transgender personnel to serve openly, but the United States is not among them. In this article, we assess whether US military policies that ban transgender service members are based on medically sound rationales. To do so, we analyze Defense Department regulations and consider a wide range of medical data. Our conclusion is that there is no compelling medical reason for the ban on service by transgender personne…
Mental Health of Transgender Veterans in US States With and Without Discrimination and Hate Crime Legal Protection
Objectives. To examine whether indicators of community- and state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality are associated with transgender veterans’ mental health. Methods. We extracted Veterans Administration data for patients who were diagnosed with gender identity disorder, had at least 1 visit in 2013, and lived in a zip code with a Municipality Equality Index score (n = 1640). We examined the associations of whether a state inc…
Exploring Rural Disparities in Medical Diagnoses Among Veterans With Transgender-related Diagnoses Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
OBJECTIVES: Research shows transgender individuals experience pronounced health disparities compared with their nontransgender peers. Yet, there remains insufficient research about health differences within transgender populations. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring how current urban/rural status is associated with lifetime diagnosis of mood disorder, alcohol dependence disorder, illicit drug abuse disorder, tobacco use, posttraumatic…
Differences in Methods of Suicide Death Among Transgender and Nontransgender Patients in the Veterans Health Administration, 1999–2016
BACKGROUND: Limited research suggests that rates of suicide death among transgender people may be higher than their nontransgender peers. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare rates of suicide deaths by different means between transgender and nontransgender patients. RESEARCH DESIGN: This secondary analysis used VHA administrative and electronic health record (EHR) data from October 1, 1999 through December 31, 2016. SUBJECTS: Tra…
Impact of Gender Identity Field in the Veterans Health Administration Electronic Health Record, 2016‒2023
Objectives. To distinguish differences in physical and mental health between transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) veterans identified via diagnostic codes, self-identification, and their combination. Methods. We used sociodemographic characteristics and physical and mental health diagnoses for TGD veterans receiving care in Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Results. Among the cohort of 12 745 TGD veterans, 69.3% were identified solely using s…
Psychology (16 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Transgender (13 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (12 works) · Psychiatry (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (9 works) · Environmental health (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Clinical Psychology (5 works)