Xigen Li
Biographic Data
| ID | 3837713 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Xigen Li |
| GIVEN NAMES | Xigen |
| FAMILY NAME | Li |
| SIGNATURE | LI X |
| AFFILIATIONS | Shanghai University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5690-2017 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 47 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Who Speaks Out, Why, and How? The Influence of Hostile Media Perception, Attitude Extremity, and Political Efficacy on Social Media Outspokenness
Social media serves as a vital platform for facilitating dynamic public discourse. Drawing on hostile media perception and social identity theory, this study investigates the independent and combined effects of multiple predictors on individuals’ willingness to express opinions and their preferred modes of expression on social media, with a focus on Hong Kong’s National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance issue. A representative population survey …
“Misinformed” anxiety in the newsroom? The impact of presumed influence of misinformation, perception of journalism, and mental resilience
This study explored the psychological mechanism of how journalists, as a critical interest group responsible for disseminating accurate information to the public, affectively respond to misinformation. Building on the influence of presumed media influence (IPMI) theory, this survey of Chinese journalists (N = 574) reveals that journalists’ presumed influence of misinformation on others is positively associated with their perception of journalism’…
Unraveling the impact of social media involvement on public health participation in China
Public health participation plays a significant role in reducing risks and protecting community members during public health emergencies, especially in China due to its pronounced population density and the imperative for concerted public coordination to achieve the goal of public health protection. Guided by social capital theory and conservation of resources theory, this study develops an analytical model to explore the effect of social media i…
The Effect of Information Exposure on Stigma Toward the Covid-19 Patient Mediated by Perceived Risk, Attribution of Blame and Protection Norm Conformity
This study employed the model of stigma communication (MSC) to analyze how exposure to COVID-19-related information affected stigma-related information sharing about people who contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic and examined the cognitive process of the MSC in a collectivist culture. Based on a survey of 526 social media users during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, the study found that exposure to contact tracing information and pandemic con…
Diversified exposure mitigates biased perceptions
This study empirically tested the proposition that diversified media exposure mediates the effect of involvement on hostile media perceptions (HMPs). Informed by social identity theory and the intergroup contact theory, the study examined issue involvement and cognitive involvement as the antecedents of diversified media exposure concerning U.S.-China trade dispute and tested how diversified media exposure affected peoples’ perceptual bias of U.S…
Involvement Type Matters
Informed by the social media political participation model, this study explored cognitive mechanisms by which social media exposure to policy-related news affects willingness to express opinions on the issue. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Hong Kong (N = 1,244) suggested distinct roles of two types of issue involvement in this process. A serial mediation model revealed the indirect influence of social media news exposure on opinion express…
Exposure to information from divergent sources and altruistic behavior in Public Health Emergency
Based on Protection Motivation Theory, this study investigates the factors that influence altruistic behavior during COVID-19 lockdowns. A survey of 582 respondents who had experienced the pandemic lockdown or quarantine in China revealed that exposure to information from both formal and alternative sources reduces risk uncertainty. Exposure to information from formal sources increases public trust while exposure to alternative sources shows no s…
Enveloped in mediated pandemic
This study examines the effects of media exposure on perceived severity of the pandemic and people’s intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine, here as mediated by immersion. Informed by transportation theory and construal level theory, the study incorporates immersion evoked by media messages to analyze the psychological mechanism connecting media exposure and people’s evaluation of and behavioral intentions toward the public health crisis. Using da…
Personal Versus Societal Risk
The study proposed a theoretical framework to identify the underlying mechanisms by which social media use affected individual and collective behaviors (i.e., self-protective and collective engagement behavior) during a public health emergency. The framework first considered how people shaped personal-level and societal-level risk perceptions from social media use and then examined how risk perception, in turn, predicted perceived media influence…
The effects of message attributes and source characteristics of news posts on audience engagement on social media
Informed by the theoretical framework of media effects and resonance theory, this study investigates how issue obtrusiveness and information richness as message attributes, and media hierarchy and orientation as source characteristics influence audience engagement with news posts on social media. The data of news posts (N = 943,793) from the top 99 Sina Weibo accounts of Chinese media with likes, comments, and reposts as indicators of audience en…
The Effects of Journalists’ Job Perceptions on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Moderated by Altruism
Through a survey of Chinese journalists, this study tests a moderated mediation model of journalists’ organizational commitment ensuing journalism industry recession. Sustained by social exchange theory and expectancy theory, this study found that perceived social impact is positively related to perceived task significance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The positive relationship between perceived social impact and organizationa…
Media exposure, perceived efficacy and positive experience as predictors of personal and social risk perceptions of mishandled vaccine in China
Informed by social cognitive theory and impersonal impact hypothesis, this study examined the effects of media exposure, perceived efficacy and prior positive experience on risk perception during a risk event concerning mishandled vaccine in China. Through an online survey of 923 Internet users in China, the study explored the effect of media exposure on perceived risk in two dimensions: exposure frequency and exposure extensity, and found that e…
Pro-Environmental Behavior Predicted by Media Exposure, SNS Involvement, and Cognitive and Normative Factors
This study investigates the effect of media exposure and social networking sites (SNS) involvement on environmental concern and perceived personal responsibility to the environment and the consequent behaviors. It also tests the mediator and moderator between environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior. The results show that media exposure to environmental-related messages positively predicts environmental concern and perceived personal …
Perceived agenda-setting effect in international context
Different from the conventional content-survey result comparison approach in agenda-setting research, which compares media agenda and public agenda at the aggregated level, this study investigates the perceived agenda-setting effect of media at the individual level in an international context. A survey of American respondents (N = 848) identifies perceived agenda-setting effect from individuals’ cognitive process, and finds that the U.S. audience…
Engaging fans on microblog
Brand managers use celebrity microbloggers to endorse their products on microblogs. Previous studies on celebrity endorsement mechanisms concentrated on source factors such as celebrity's characteristics and celebrity—product congruence. This study introduces a new audience factor: the fan–celebrity parasocial interaction (PSI) to explore the celebrity endorsement mechanism within a microblog context. The study hypothesizes that PSI and source fa…
Framing strategies at different stages of a crisis
Western media organizations have frequently complained about the lack of reporting freedom in China, especially when covering controversial events. During the ‘July 5th’ Urumqi event in 2009, the Chinese government loosened the regulations on reporting freedom for foreign media and tested a new policy in dealing with foreign media reporting social conflicts in China, a sensitive topic that the government had laid firm hands on for decades. This s…
Internet Newspapers
Internet Newspapers
Selective Exposure, Extended Exposure, and Sidetracked Exposure
This chapter analyzes the process of information access and media exposure on the Internet and the context in which selective exposure occurs. It also discusses how the need for cognitive closure and Internet search self-efficacy affect selective exposure and how extended and sidetracked exposures interact with selective exposure to produce potential persuasion effects. A theoretical model of media exposure on the Internet is proposed with theore…
Factors influencing the willingness to contribute information to online communities
This study examines the factors that influence the willingness to contribute information to online communities from the perspectives of the discretionary database and expectancy theory. The study identified four groups of variables and tested their predictive value on the willingness to contribute information to online communities. The findings confirmed the effect of the perceived value of contributing and the likelihood of getting a reward for …
Deterrence Effect of Four Legal and Extralegal Factors on Online Copyright Infringement
A survey of online file sharers found that both legal and extralegal factors had a deterrence effect on online copyright infringement. Perceived certainty of punishment, perceived stigma of label, awareness of the laws and consensus with the laws were found to be negatively correlated with both current and likely future file-sharing activities. The regression analyses revealed that both current and future file-sharing activities were best predict…
Third-Person Effect, Optimistic Bias, and Sufficiency Resource in Internet Use
This study examined the third-person effect and the optimistic bias in Internet communication and to what degree sufficiency resource affected the third-person effect and the optimistic bias. Findings demonstrated the third-person effect and the optimistic bias prevalent in traditional media use were also apparent in Internet communication but vary in their relationships with sufficiency resources and other predicting factors. There was a positiv…
Web Page Design and Graphic Use of three U.S. Newspapers
A content analysis of three U.S. Internet newspapers has found that Internet newspapers gave more priority to providing textual information than graphic information, and large graphics were more likely to appear on homepages than on frontpages and news article pages. The news links and the multiple communication channels adopted by Internet newspapers in web page design created a new environment of communication, involving more than host newspape…
Human Rights in China
A content analysis of ten years of New York Times coverage of human rights in China has found that The Times set its own agenda in covering human rights in China, apart from the US presidential agenda. While presidential concern about human rights in China subsided and US-China trade became a priority in the presidential agenda, The Times increasingly continued its coverage of human rights in China. There was no increase in presidential concern a…
Web Page Design and Graphic Use of three U.S. Newspapers
A content analysis of three U.S. Internet newspapers has found that Internet newspapers gave more priority to providing textual information than graphic information, and large graphics were more likely to appear on homepages than on frontpages and news article pages. The news links and the multiple communication channels adopted by Internet newspapers in web page design created a new environment of communication, involving more than host newspape…
Human Rights in China
A content analysis of ten years of New York Times coverage of human rights in China has found that The Times set its own agenda in covering human rights in China, apart from the US presidential agenda. While presidential concern about human rights in China subsided and US-China trade became a priority in the presidential agenda, The Times increasingly continued its coverage of human rights in China. There was no increase in presidential concern a…
Framing strategies at different stages of a crisis
Western media organizations have frequently complained about the lack of reporting freedom in China, especially when covering controversial events. During the ‘July 5th’ Urumqi event in 2009, the Chinese government loosened the regulations on reporting freedom for foreign media and tested a new policy in dealing with foreign media reporting social conflicts in China, a sensitive topic that the government had laid firm hands on for decades. This s…
Deterrence Effect of Four Legal and Extralegal Factors on Online Copyright Infringement
A survey of online file sharers found that both legal and extralegal factors had a deterrence effect on online copyright infringement. Perceived certainty of punishment, perceived stigma of label, awareness of the laws and consensus with the laws were found to be negatively correlated with both current and likely future file-sharing activities. The regression analyses revealed that both current and future file-sharing activities were best predict…
Selective Exposure, Extended Exposure, and Sidetracked Exposure
This chapter analyzes the process of information access and media exposure on the Internet and the context in which selective exposure occurs. It also discusses how the need for cognitive closure and Internet search self-efficacy affect selective exposure and how extended and sidetracked exposures interact with selective exposure to produce potential persuasion effects. A theoretical model of media exposure on the Internet is proposed with theore…
Diversified exposure mitigates biased perceptions
This study empirically tested the proposition that diversified media exposure mediates the effect of involvement on hostile media perceptions (HMPs). Informed by social identity theory and the intergroup contact theory, the study examined issue involvement and cognitive involvement as the antecedents of diversified media exposure concerning U.S.-China trade dispute and tested how diversified media exposure affected peoples’ perceptual bias of U.S…
Personal Versus Societal Risk
The study proposed a theoretical framework to identify the underlying mechanisms by which social media use affected individual and collective behaviors (i.e., self-protective and collective engagement behavior) during a public health emergency. The framework first considered how people shaped personal-level and societal-level risk perceptions from social media use and then examined how risk perception, in turn, predicted perceived media influence…
The Effects of Journalists’ Job Perceptions on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Moderated by Altruism
Through a survey of Chinese journalists, this study tests a moderated mediation model of journalists’ organizational commitment ensuing journalism industry recession. Sustained by social exchange theory and expectancy theory, this study found that perceived social impact is positively related to perceived task significance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The positive relationship between perceived social impact and organizationa…
Factors influencing the willingness to contribute information to online communities
This study examines the factors that influence the willingness to contribute information to online communities from the perspectives of the discretionary database and expectancy theory. The study identified four groups of variables and tested their predictive value on the willingness to contribute information to online communities. The findings confirmed the effect of the perceived value of contributing and the likelihood of getting a reward for …
Web Page Design and Graphic Use of three U.S. Newspapers
A content analysis of three U.S. Internet newspapers has found that Internet newspapers gave more priority to providing textual information than graphic information, and large graphics were more likely to appear on homepages than on frontpages and news article pages. The news links and the multiple communication channels adopted by Internet newspapers in web page design created a new environment of communication, involving more than host newspape…
Human Rights in China
A content analysis of ten years of New York Times coverage of human rights in China has found that The Times set its own agenda in covering human rights in China, apart from the US presidential agenda. While presidential concern about human rights in China subsided and US-China trade became a priority in the presidential agenda, The Times increasingly continued its coverage of human rights in China. There was no increase in presidential concern a…
Third-Person Effect, Optimistic Bias, and Sufficiency Resource in Internet Use
This study examined the third-person effect and the optimistic bias in Internet communication and to what degree sufficiency resource affected the third-person effect and the optimistic bias. Findings demonstrated the third-person effect and the optimistic bias prevalent in traditional media use were also apparent in Internet communication but vary in their relationships with sufficiency resources and other predicting factors. There was a positiv…
Deterrence Effect of Four Legal and Extralegal Factors on Online Copyright Infringement
A survey of online file sharers found that both legal and extralegal factors had a deterrence effect on online copyright infringement. Perceived certainty of punishment, perceived stigma of label, awareness of the laws and consensus with the laws were found to be negatively correlated with both current and likely future file-sharing activities. The regression analyses revealed that both current and future file-sharing activities were best predict…
Factors influencing the willingness to contribute information to online communities
This study examines the factors that influence the willingness to contribute information to online communities from the perspectives of the discretionary database and expectancy theory. The study identified four groups of variables and tested their predictive value on the willingness to contribute information to online communities. The findings confirmed the effect of the perceived value of contributing and the likelihood of getting a reward for …
Internet Newspapers
Internet Newspapers
Selective Exposure, Extended Exposure, and Sidetracked Exposure
This chapter analyzes the process of information access and media exposure on the Internet and the context in which selective exposure occurs. It also discusses how the need for cognitive closure and Internet search self-efficacy affect selective exposure and how extended and sidetracked exposures interact with selective exposure to produce potential persuasion effects. A theoretical model of media exposure on the Internet is proposed with theore…
Framing strategies at different stages of a crisis
Western media organizations have frequently complained about the lack of reporting freedom in China, especially when covering controversial events. During the ‘July 5th’ Urumqi event in 2009, the Chinese government loosened the regulations on reporting freedom for foreign media and tested a new policy in dealing with foreign media reporting social conflicts in China, a sensitive topic that the government had laid firm hands on for decades. This s…
Engaging fans on microblog
Brand managers use celebrity microbloggers to endorse their products on microblogs. Previous studies on celebrity endorsement mechanisms concentrated on source factors such as celebrity's characteristics and celebrity—product congruence. This study introduces a new audience factor: the fan–celebrity parasocial interaction (PSI) to explore the celebrity endorsement mechanism within a microblog context. The study hypothesizes that PSI and source fa…
Perceived agenda-setting effect in international context
Different from the conventional content-survey result comparison approach in agenda-setting research, which compares media agenda and public agenda at the aggregated level, this study investigates the perceived agenda-setting effect of media at the individual level in an international context. A survey of American respondents (N = 848) identifies perceived agenda-setting effect from individuals’ cognitive process, and finds that the U.S. audience…
Media exposure, perceived efficacy and positive experience as predictors of personal and social risk perceptions of mishandled vaccine in China
Informed by social cognitive theory and impersonal impact hypothesis, this study examined the effects of media exposure, perceived efficacy and prior positive experience on risk perception during a risk event concerning mishandled vaccine in China. Through an online survey of 923 Internet users in China, the study explored the effect of media exposure on perceived risk in two dimensions: exposure frequency and exposure extensity, and found that e…
Pro-Environmental Behavior Predicted by Media Exposure, SNS Involvement, and Cognitive and Normative Factors
This study investigates the effect of media exposure and social networking sites (SNS) involvement on environmental concern and perceived personal responsibility to the environment and the consequent behaviors. It also tests the mediator and moderator between environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior. The results show that media exposure to environmental-related messages positively predicts environmental concern and perceived personal …
The Effects of Journalists’ Job Perceptions on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Moderated by Altruism
Through a survey of Chinese journalists, this study tests a moderated mediation model of journalists’ organizational commitment ensuing journalism industry recession. Sustained by social exchange theory and expectancy theory, this study found that perceived social impact is positively related to perceived task significance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The positive relationship between perceived social impact and organizationa…
The effects of message attributes and source characteristics of news posts on audience engagement on social media
Informed by the theoretical framework of media effects and resonance theory, this study investigates how issue obtrusiveness and information richness as message attributes, and media hierarchy and orientation as source characteristics influence audience engagement with news posts on social media. The data of news posts (N = 943,793) from the top 99 Sina Weibo accounts of Chinese media with likes, comments, and reposts as indicators of audience en…
Enveloped in mediated pandemic
This study examines the effects of media exposure on perceived severity of the pandemic and people’s intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine, here as mediated by immersion. Informed by transportation theory and construal level theory, the study incorporates immersion evoked by media messages to analyze the psychological mechanism connecting media exposure and people’s evaluation of and behavioral intentions toward the public health crisis. Using da…
Personal Versus Societal Risk
The study proposed a theoretical framework to identify the underlying mechanisms by which social media use affected individual and collective behaviors (i.e., self-protective and collective engagement behavior) during a public health emergency. The framework first considered how people shaped personal-level and societal-level risk perceptions from social media use and then examined how risk perception, in turn, predicted perceived media influence…
Unraveling the impact of social media involvement on public health participation in China
Public health participation plays a significant role in reducing risks and protecting community members during public health emergencies, especially in China due to its pronounced population density and the imperative for concerted public coordination to achieve the goal of public health protection. Guided by social capital theory and conservation of resources theory, this study develops an analytical model to explore the effect of social media i…
The Effect of Information Exposure on Stigma Toward the Covid-19 Patient Mediated by Perceived Risk, Attribution of Blame and Protection Norm Conformity
This study employed the model of stigma communication (MSC) to analyze how exposure to COVID-19-related information affected stigma-related information sharing about people who contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic and examined the cognitive process of the MSC in a collectivist culture. Based on a survey of 526 social media users during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, the study found that exposure to contact tracing information and pandemic con…
Diversified exposure mitigates biased perceptions
This study empirically tested the proposition that diversified media exposure mediates the effect of involvement on hostile media perceptions (HMPs). Informed by social identity theory and the intergroup contact theory, the study examined issue involvement and cognitive involvement as the antecedents of diversified media exposure concerning U.S.-China trade dispute and tested how diversified media exposure affected peoples’ perceptual bias of U.S…
Involvement Type Matters
Informed by the social media political participation model, this study explored cognitive mechanisms by which social media exposure to policy-related news affects willingness to express opinions on the issue. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Hong Kong (N = 1,244) suggested distinct roles of two types of issue involvement in this process. A serial mediation model revealed the indirect influence of social media news exposure on opinion express…
Exposure to information from divergent sources and altruistic behavior in Public Health Emergency
Based on Protection Motivation Theory, this study investigates the factors that influence altruistic behavior during COVID-19 lockdowns. A survey of 582 respondents who had experienced the pandemic lockdown or quarantine in China revealed that exposure to information from both formal and alternative sources reduces risk uncertainty. Exposure to information from formal sources increases public trust while exposure to alternative sources shows no s…
Who Speaks Out, Why, and How? The Influence of Hostile Media Perception, Attitude Extremity, and Political Efficacy on Social Media Outspokenness
Social media serves as a vital platform for facilitating dynamic public discourse. Drawing on hostile media perception and social identity theory, this study investigates the independent and combined effects of multiple predictors on individuals’ willingness to express opinions and their preferred modes of expression on social media, with a focus on Hong Kong’s National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance issue. A representative population survey …
“Misinformed” anxiety in the newsroom? The impact of presumed influence of misinformation, perception of journalism, and mental resilience
This study explored the psychological mechanism of how journalists, as a critical interest group responsible for disseminating accurate information to the public, affectively respond to misinformation. Building on the influence of presumed media influence (IPMI) theory, this survey of Chinese journalists (N = 574) reveals that journalists’ presumed influence of misinformation on others is positively associated with their perception of journalism’…
Political science (16 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (13 works) · Social media (10 works) · Business (9 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Social Media and Politics (9 works) · Advertising (8 works) · Media Studies and Communication (7 works) · Sociology (7 works)