Robert Shaffer
Biographic Data
| ID | 3841444 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Shaffer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Shaffer |
| SIGNATURE | SHAFFER R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Shippensburg University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2081-2407 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 27 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Friendly Connections: Philadelphia Quakers and Japan since the Late Nineteenth Century
Manzanar Mosaic: Essays and Oral Histories on America's First World War II Japanese American Concentration Camp
Harold Ickes: A New Dealer's opposition to the early Cold War
Harold Ickes, an important New Deal policy‐maker, was also, after he left his post as Interior Secretary, a vocal critic of President Harry Truman's Cold War policy. His criticisms – distributed first through a thrice‐weekly syndicated column and then in a weekly magazine column – most significantly identified United States naval and military policies in its Pacific territories as both unjust to their Indigenous inhabitants and as sources of glob…
Border Anxiety in International Discourse
International borders have become a growing security concern in many parts of the world. Porous borders have raised concerns about a host of external threats—real and imagined—that in turn potentially inform policy decisions about border security. We examine global official discourse and show that border discourse has become more frequent, localized, non‐state‐centric, and negative over time. However, negative rhetoric is not convincingly linked …
GaoYunxiang, Arise, Africa! Roar, China! Black and Chinese Citizens of the World in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021
Communications
Journal Article Communications Get access Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, US Email: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 128, Issue 2, June 2023, Pages 1072–1073, https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad232 Published: 22 June 2023
Omeje, Kenneth, editor. 2021. The Governance, Security and Development Nexus: Africa Rising. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Peace movement responses to Russia's invasion: For limited war and restraints on militarism
The “pragmatic pacifist” tradition, exemplified by the transition of many peace activists in the 1930s to critical support for the Allied war effort during World War II, can provide a nuanced path for Western peace activists in responding to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This essay examines how several voices of the American peace movement have addressed this situation, offering a variety of levels of critical support to Ukraine's fight for se…
The war in Ukraine: Perspectives from peace history—A preliminary roundtable
The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine raises vital questions for peace activists and for those who study efforts to provide peaceful alternatives to international conflict. Five frequent contributors to Peace & Change present brief analyses of the current tragic circumstances in Ukraine, and international reactions to these circumstances, based on perspectives gleaned from peace activism and from studies of peace history
Power in Text: Implementing Networks and Institutional Complexity in American Law
How should social scientists measure institutional complexity? Formal (textually defined) institutional design—and particularly the complexity of formal institutions—is an important object of study across political science, law, and public administration. However, because of measurement constraints, existing work on formal institutional design focuses either on single policy areas or "important" legislation, creating clear selection problems. In …
Gambling with Armageddon: Nuclear Roulette from Hiroshima to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Martin J.SherwinNew York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2020
Beyond The Good Earth: Transnational Perspectives on Pearl S. Buck , by Jay Cole and John Haddad, eds
Nobel Prize–winning novelist and mid-twentieth-century social activist Pearl S. Buck was born in West Virginia in 1892. The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace Foundation and other West Virginia cultural and educational institutions have recently become more assertive in spotlighting one of their state's “favorite daughters,” with West Virginia University Press now publishing an edited collection drawn primarily from a 2016 conference on her life and work. …
American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War
Messy Data, Robust Inference? Navigating Obstacles to Inference with bigKRLS
Complex models are of increasing interest to social scientists. Researchers interested in prediction generally favor flexible, robust approaches, while those interested in causation are often interested in modeling nuanced treatment structures and confounding relationships. Unfortunately, estimators of complex models often scale poorly, especially if they seek to maintain interpretability. In this paper, we present an example of such a conundrum …
The Long Afterlife of Nikkei Wartime Incarceration
Book Review| July 01 2018 The Long Afterlife of Nikkei Wartime Incarceration The Long Afterlife of Nikkei Wartime Incarceration. By Karen M. Inouye. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2016. 239 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $55 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Shippensburg University Robert Shaffer is Professor of History at Shippensburg University. His essays on opposition to incarceration of Japanese Americans appe…
The Christian Century: Protestants Protesting Harry Truman's Cold War
This essay argues that the editors of The Christian Century , the most influential nondenominational liberal Protestant magazine in the mid‐twentieth century, spoke up forthrightly against almost all of President Harry Truman's Cold War policies. This opposition demonstrates that such views extended in these years beyond secular left and pacifist organizations, and therefore that the “Cold War consensus” was not as widespread as historians have s…
Feminist Novels in a "Non-Feminist" Age: Pearl S. Buck on Asian and American Women
Nobel Prize–winning author Pearl S. Buck articulated a feminist sensibility in her best-selling novels and short stories from the 1930s to the 1960s about Asian and American women, showing both victimization and strength. This study demonstrates that Buck and her colleagues—female reviewers, readers, and other authors—in these non-feminist years not only helped keep a feminist perspective in the public eye but helped set the stage for the feminis…
BettyMedsger. The Burglary: The Discovery of J. Edgar Hoover's Secret FBI. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014
A Japanese Christian Socialist‐Pacifist and His A merican Supporters: Personal Contacts and Critical Internationalism
Kagawa Toyohiko, the preeminent Japanese Christian leader of the interwar era, exerted influence in the United States as well as in his native Japan, with his support for economic cooperatives, his calls for friendship between the two nations, his protests against racist U.S. immigration policies, and his service as a model for the Social Gospel wing of Protestantism. This paper studies four American missionaries in Japan—William Axling, Helen To…
Partly Disguised Imperialism”: American Critical Internationalists and Philippine Independence
Recent historians have concluded that Philippine formal independence in 1946 was incomplete and unequal. Legislation gave privileges to U.S. businesses which inhibited autonomous economic development, and the new Philippine political leadership did not represent important sections of its people. Such judgments were also voiced at the time by many American “critical internationalists” who believed that the global colonial system must end and feare…
J. J. Singh and the India League of America, 1945-1959: Pressing at the Margins of the Cold War Consensus
WHEN JAGJIT (J.J.) SINGH, who had lived in the United States since 1926 and ran a successful import business in Manhattan specializing in Indian textiles, decided to return to his native India in 1959, he received accolades more appropriate for a retiring long-term diplomat than for a successful immigrant entrepreneur. “U.S. Loses ‘Envoy’ to Call of India,” read the news story in the New York Times on January 18, and an editorial in that newspape…
A Bomb in Every Issue: How the Short, Unruly Life of “Ramparts” Magazine Changed America
Sociology, History, and the Newest Immigrants
Speaking Up for Japanese Americans
Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign
Power in Text: Implementing Networks and Institutional Complexity in American Law
How should social scientists measure institutional complexity? Formal (textually defined) institutional design—and particularly the complexity of formal institutions—is an important object of study across political science, law, and public administration. However, because of measurement constraints, existing work on formal institutional design focuses either on single policy areas or "important" legislation, creating clear selection problems. In …
Border Anxiety in International Discourse
International borders have become a growing security concern in many parts of the world. Porous borders have raised concerns about a host of external threats—real and imagined—that in turn potentially inform policy decisions about border security. We examine global official discourse and show that border discourse has become more frequent, localized, non‐state‐centric, and negative over time. However, negative rhetoric is not convincingly linked …
Messy Data, Robust Inference? Navigating Obstacles to Inference with bigKRLS
Complex models are of increasing interest to social scientists. Researchers interested in prediction generally favor flexible, robust approaches, while those interested in causation are often interested in modeling nuanced treatment structures and confounding relationships. Unfortunately, estimators of complex models often scale poorly, especially if they seek to maintain interpretability. In this paper, we present an example of such a conundrum …
Where Are the Organized Public Employees? The Absence of Public Employee Unionism from U.S. History Textbooks, and Why It Matters
A Rape in Beijing, December 1946: GIs, Nationalist Protests, and U.S. Foreign Policy
Research Article| February 01 2000 A Rape in Beijing, December 1946: GIs, Nationalist Protests, and U.S. Foreign Policy Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2000) 69 (1): 31–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/3641237 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo To…
American Sutra: A Story of Faith and Freedom in the Second World War
A Japanese Christian Socialist‐Pacifist and His A merican Supporters: Personal Contacts and Critical Internationalism
Kagawa Toyohiko, the preeminent Japanese Christian leader of the interwar era, exerted influence in the United States as well as in his native Japan, with his support for economic cooperatives, his calls for friendship between the two nations, his protests against racist U.S. immigration policies, and his service as a model for the Social Gospel wing of Protestantism. This paper studies four American missionaries in Japan—William Axling, Helen To…
Partly Disguised Imperialism”: American Critical Internationalists and Philippine Independence
Recent historians have concluded that Philippine formal independence in 1946 was incomplete and unequal. Legislation gave privileges to U.S. businesses which inhibited autonomous economic development, and the new Philippine political leadership did not represent important sections of its people. Such judgments were also voiced at the time by many American “critical internationalists” who believed that the global colonial system must end and feare…
J. J. Singh and the India League of America, 1945-1959: Pressing at the Margins of the Cold War Consensus
WHEN JAGJIT (J.J.) SINGH, who had lived in the United States since 1926 and ran a successful import business in Manhattan specializing in Indian textiles, decided to return to his native India in 1959, he received accolades more appropriate for a retiring long-term diplomat than for a successful immigrant entrepreneur. “U.S. Loses ‘Envoy’ to Call of India,” read the news story in the New York Times on January 18, and an editorial in that newspape…
Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962
Book Review| March 01 2006 Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962 Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962 Joseph E. Slater Ithaca, NY: ILR, 2004 260 pp., $39.95 (cloth) Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2006) 3 (1): 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-3-1-156 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twit…
Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese Americans During World War II
Research Article| October 01 1998 Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese Americans During World War II Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1998) 1998 (72): 84–120. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1998-72-84 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Shaffer; Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese…
Le Genre Panaeolus, Essai Taxinomique et Physiologique
The Rationing of American Higher Education
Imperialism, War, and Ecology
I appreciated Katherine Yih's article "The Red and the Green: Left Perspectives on Ecology" (MR, October 1990), and the increased integration of environmental issues into Monthly Review's political analysis. In her few comments on third world environmental movements, Yih mainly discusses Nicaragua's efforts. Monthly Review readers should also be interested in and supportive of environmental initiatives in Vietnam. The case of Vietnam links imperi…
Exchange/Encounter Theory and Myths of America; A Response to Robert Shaffer
As a high school social studies teacher I have used Hans Koning's Columbus: His Enterprise to show students a side of Columbus they had not known about—his murderous methods of collecting gold and his personal role in starting the trans-Atlantic slave trade—and to raise questions about historical memory and our current social values. I have also used in the classroom some of Bill Bigelow's fine exercises on South African apartheid and on U.S. lab…
"The Rise and Fall of the "Politics of the African Diaspora
Review of Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937–1957 by Penny M. Von Eschen.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website
Mr. Yamamoto and Japanese Americans in New Jersey during World War II
While preparing to teach a survey course in United States history at Rutgers University, I came across a 1944 article on the treatment of a Japanese American agricultural worker in a small New Jersey town during World War II. "Mr. Yamamoto: A NewJersey TownRuns Him Out," by Faith Fair (reprinted below), which includes a photograph of a smiling George Yamamoto, describes the uproar that engulfed Great Meadows, NewJersey, when a local farmer arrang…
Henry Luce and the american experience in China
The appearance in the past four years of three books that focus on publisher Henry Luce, along with a fourth that contains a lengthy chapter on reporter Theodore White's battle with Luce over coverage of 1940s China, testifies to the continuing interest in the life and impact of the founder of the Time-Life-Fortune empire. This spate of publications also reflects the efforts of U.S. analysts to make sense of the problematic relationship between t…
Race, Class, Gender, and Diplomatic History
Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese Americans During World War II
Research Article| October 01 1998 Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese Americans During World War II Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1998) 1998 (72): 84–120. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1998-72-84 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Shaffer; Cracks in the Consensus: Defending the Rights of Japanese…
Opposition to Internment: Defending Japanese American Rights during World War II
(1999). Opposition to Internment: Defending Japanese American Rights during World War II. The Historian: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 597-620
A Rape in Beijing, December 1946: GIs, Nationalist Protests, and U.S. Foreign Policy
Research Article| February 01 2000 A Rape in Beijing, December 1946: GIs, Nationalist Protests, and U.S. Foreign Policy Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2000) 69 (1): 31–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/3641237 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo To…
Where Are the Organized Public Employees? The Absence of Public Employee Unionism from U.S. History Textbooks, and Why It Matters
Pearl S. Buck and the East and West Association: The Trajectory and Fate of “Critical Internationalism,” 1940–1950
The East and West Association was formed during World War II with the aim of aiding the Allied war effort in Asia by helping Americans understand the culture and concerns of the people of China and India. Led by the novelist and political activist Pearl S. Buck, the association soon developed what the author calls a “critical internationalism” perspective, working against colonialism and racism in Asia and in the United States during World War II…
The State of Working America 2002/2003
Everybody's Town”
Research Article| March 01 2005 “Everybody's Town” Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2005) 2 (1): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2-1-7 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Robert Shaffer; “Everybody's Town”. Labor 1 March 2005; 2 (1): 7–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2-1-7 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bo…
Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962
Book Review| March 01 2006 Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962 Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the State, 1900-1962 Joseph E. Slater Ithaca, NY: ILR, 2004 260 pp., $39.95 (cloth) Robert Shaffer Robert Shaffer Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Labor (2006) 3 (1): 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-3-1-156 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twit…
History Lessons: How Textbooks From Around the World Portray U.S. History by Dana Lindaman and Kyle Ward
The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover's Secret War Against the World's Most Famous Scientist ‐ by Fred Jerome and Einstein on Race and Racism ‐ by Fred Jerome and Rodger Taylor
The Forbidden Book: The Philippine‐American War in Political Cartoons ‐ by Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, and Helen Toribio
Diplomacy Lessons: Realism for an Unloved Superpower
G uest E ditor I ntroduction
Speaking Up for Japanese Americans
Going Down Jericho Road: The Memphis Strike, Martin Luther King’s Last Campaign
Partly Disguised Imperialism”: American Critical Internationalists and Philippine Independence
Recent historians have concluded that Philippine formal independence in 1946 was incomplete and unequal. Legislation gave privileges to U.S. businesses which inhibited autonomous economic development, and the new Philippine political leadership did not represent important sections of its people. Such judgments were also voiced at the time by many American “critical internationalists” who believed that the global colonial system must end and feare…
J. J. Singh and the India League of America, 1945-1959: Pressing at the Margins of the Cold War Consensus
WHEN JAGJIT (J.J.) SINGH, who had lived in the United States since 1926 and ran a successful import business in Manhattan specializing in Indian textiles, decided to return to his native India in 1959, he received accolades more appropriate for a retiring long-term diplomat than for a successful immigrant entrepreneur. “U.S. Loses ‘Envoy’ to Call of India,” read the news story in the New York Times on January 18, and an editorial in that newspape…
Political science (31 works) · Law (23 works) · Sociology (23 works) · History (21 works) · Law (20 works) · History (17 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Politics (15 works) · Citation (12 works) · Asian American and Pacific Histories (9 works)