Robert Brame
Biographic Data
| ID | 3846459 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Brame |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Brame |
| SIGNATURE | BRAME R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Maryland, College Park |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1325 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Measuring Change in City Murder Clearance Rates with Incomplete Information
Studying Repeat Victimization: A Consideration of Measurement Issues
Decades of research have recognized the phenomenon of repeat victimization and its policy relevance. Although there are continuing efforts to explain the theoretical underpinnings of repeat victimization, there are still measurement-related issues that limit our understanding of the topic and ability to inform interventions, including varying operational definitions, data constraints, and sampling and nonsampling error. In this article, we review…
Too Afraid to Stay: Measuring the Relationship between Criminal Victimization in Central America and the Intent to Migrate
Rising crime in Central America and on-going emigration have reinvigorated concerns about the relationship between criminal victimization and international migration. Analyzing data from a crime prevention intervention in this region, we examine measures related to criminal victimization to assess corresponding changes in the propensity for international migration. We find that individuals who reported a crime victimization were more likely to ex…
Defiance Theory
Defiance theory is based on the axiom that different people will respond to sanction threats or sanction experiences in a variety of ways. This idea is also present in other neoclassical perspectives that emphasize the ideas of deterrence, rational choice, legal socialization, and procedural justice. A major focus of the defiance perspective is the potential criminogenic effect of sanctions on persons who believe the sanctions are unfairly impose…
Demographic Patterns of Cumulative Arrest Prevalence by Ages 18 and 23
In this study, we examine race, sex, and self-reported arrest histories (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97; N = 7,335) for the period 1997 through 2008 covering cumulative arrest histories through ages 18 and 23. The analysis produces three key findings: (a) males have higher cumulative prevalence of arrest than females and (b) there are important race differences in the pr…
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: General and typological effects across sex
Cumulative Prevalence of Arrest From Ages 8 to 23 in a National Sample
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative proportion of youth who self-report having been arrested or taken into custody for illegal or delinquent offenses (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from ages 8 to 23 years. METHODS: Self-reported arrest history data (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 7335) were examined from 1997 to 2008. RESULTS: By age 18, the in-sample cu…
Long‐term Crime Desistance and Recidivism Patterns—evidence From the Essex County Convicted Felon Study
Two conflicting definitions of desistance exist in the criminology literature. The first definition is instantaneous desistance in which an offender simply chooses to end a criminal career instantaneously moving to a zero rate of offending ( ). The second definition views desistance as a process by which the offending rate declines steadily over time to zero or to a point close to zero ( ; ; ). In this article, we capitalize on the underlying ass…
Criminal career progression among serious youthful offenders in Australia
Understanding the Relationship Between Onset Age and Subsequent Offending During Adolescence
Reassessing Race Disparities in Maryland Capital Cases
A generation of research studies that were conducted in multiple states and covered different time periods has found evidence that individuals who kill white victims encounter a greater risk of facing the death penalty than killers of black victims. More recently, research has also examined the likelihood of death penalty processing for black defendants who kill white victims in comparison with other defendant–victim race groups. In particular, a…
Unpacking the Relationship Between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behavior: A Matched Samples Comparison
A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐b…
Scarlet Letters and Recidivism: Does an Old Criminal Record Predict Future Offending
Research Summary: This research explores the issue of old prior records and their ability to predict future offending. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether, after a given period of time, the risk of recidivism for a person who has been arrested in the distant past is ever indistinguishable from that of a population of persons with no prior arrests. Two well‐documented empirical facts guide our investigation: (1) Individuals…
Theory and Research on Desistance from Antisocial Activity among Serious Adolescent Offenders
Improving juvenile court decision making requires information about how serious adolescent offenders desist from antisocial activity. A systematic research agenda on this topic requires consideration of several processes, including normative development in late adolescence, what constitutes desistance, and the factors likely to promote the end of involvement in antisocial behavior and successful adjustment in early adulthood. This article present…
Examining the Prevalence of Criminal Desistance
Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. In general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict membership in that population. In this paper, we conside…
The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors
What happens to high school youths when they take on jobs during the school year, sometimes working long hours, while trying to maintain the role of student? There is a consensus in the empirical literature that teenage employment, particularly what is termed “intensive” employment, results in a constellation of detrimental consequences: lower school grades, diminished educational ambitions, and emotional alienation from parents. There is even mo…
Tobit Models in Social Science Research: Some Limitations and a More General Alternative
The use of tobit models to study censored and limited dependent variables has become increasingly common in applied social science research over the past two decades. Importantly, the likelihood function for a tobit model involves two distinct components: (1) the process that determines whether the outcome variable is fully observed or not and (2) the process that determines the score on the dependent variable for individuals whose outcome is ful…
Crime in Emerging Adulthood
The extent to which local life circumstances influence criminal activity has been the focus of much theoretical debate. Although empirical research has been initiated, it remains limited. Herein, we use data on 524 serious offenders from the California Youth Authority for a seven‐year post‐parole period to examine the relationship between changes in local life circumstances and criminal activity. We extend previous research by employing a statist…
Assessing the Impact of Exposure Time and Incapacitation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Criminal Offending
The authors examine the potential effect of accounting for exposure time by examining the arrests of 272 serious offenders who were paroled at age 18 and followed through age 33. The authors describe the overall change in the arrest rate over the 16-year period, with and without adjustments for exposure time. The authors also estimate latent class models that decompose the heterogeneity of arrest rate trends, with and without variation in exposur…
On the Development of Different Kinds of Criminal Activity
Research has established that individuals who participate in one form of antisocial behavior are at relatively high risk of participating in other forms of antisocial behavior as well. In this article, the authors rely on recent methodological advances to study the longitudinal development of two different forms of antisocial behavior: serious violent offenses and other offenses. The results of their analysis of two Philadelphia birth cohorts sug…
On the Association Among Self‐control, Crime, and Analogous Behaviors
In a paper previously published in Criminology (Paternoster and Brame, 1998), we used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development to investigate the association between criminal activity and a set of so‐called “analogous behaviors” (i.e., excessive drinking, smoking, gambling, involvement in accidents, etc.). Our reading of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) self‐control theory led us to hypothesize that both of these outcomes should de…
Onset Age, Persistence, and Offending Versatility: Comparisons Across Gender
Offending specialization has received considerable attention in past research on criminal careers. Relatively little attention has been given to examining the relationships between various sub‐group differences and the extent to which individuals tend toward specialization or versatility in their criminal careers. In the present analysis, we examine hypotheses derived from Moffitt's recent developmental theory that bear directly on offending spec…
On the Use of Panel Research Designs and Random Effects Models to Investigate Static and Dynamic Theories of Criminal Offending
There is a long‐standing debate in criminology about the relative impact of static versus dynamic factors on criminal behavior. Researchers interested in estimating the impact of dynamic factors like prior offending or association with delinquent peers on criminal offending must control for static factors like intelligence, family background, or self‐control, which could plausibly be correlated with criminal offending and the dynamic factor itsel…
The Structural Similarity of Processes Generating Criminal and Analogous Behaviors
It is possible to distinguish between broad‐domain theories that offer an explanation for all phenomena of interest to a discipline and narrow‐domain theories that attempt to explain a subset of those phenomena. In criminology, this distinction has prompted theorists and researchers to confront the question of whether the same etiological process can explain variation in all types of criminal offending behavior or whether it will be necessary to …
Using the Correct Statistical Test for the Equality of Regression Coefficients
Criminologists are often interested in examining interactive effects within a regression context. For example, “holding other relevant factors constant, is the effect of delinquent peers on one's own delinquent conduct the same for males and females?” or “is the effect of a given treatment program comparable between first‐time and repeat offenders?” A frequent strategy in examining such interactive effects is to test for the difference between tw…
Using the Correct Statistical Test for the Equality of Regression Coefficients
Criminologists are often interested in examining interactive effects within a regression context. For example, “holding other relevant factors constant, is the effect of delinquent peers on one's own delinquent conduct the same for males and females?” or “is the effect of a given treatment program comparable between first‐time and repeat offenders?” A frequent strategy in examining such interactive effects is to test for the difference between tw…
Do Fair Procedures Matter? The Effect of Procedural Justice on Spouse Assault
In a reanalysis of the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment, we examine whether the use of fair procedures on the part of police officers called to the scene of a domestic assault inhibits subsequent assault. Consistent with expectations, we found that procedural justice did suppress subsequent violence, even in the face of adverse outcomes. When police acted in a procedurally fair manner when arresting assault suspects, the rate of subsequent …
Scarlet Letters and Recidivism: Does an Old Criminal Record Predict Future Offending
Research Summary: This research explores the issue of old prior records and their ability to predict future offending. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether, after a given period of time, the risk of recidivism for a person who has been arrested in the distant past is ever indistinguishable from that of a population of persons with no prior arrests. Two well‐documented empirical facts guide our investigation: (1) Individuals…
Crime in Emerging Adulthood
The extent to which local life circumstances influence criminal activity has been the focus of much theoretical debate. Although empirical research has been initiated, it remains limited. Herein, we use data on 524 serious offenders from the California Youth Authority for a seven‐year post‐parole period to examine the relationship between changes in local life circumstances and criminal activity. We extend previous research by employing a statist…
Assessing the Impact of Exposure Time and Incapacitation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Criminal Offending
The authors examine the potential effect of accounting for exposure time by examining the arrests of 272 serious offenders who were paroled at age 18 and followed through age 33. The authors describe the overall change in the arrest rate over the 16-year period, with and without adjustments for exposure time. The authors also estimate latent class models that decompose the heterogeneity of arrest rate trends, with and without variation in exposur…
Multiple Routes to Delinquency? A Test of Developmental and General Theories of Crime
General and developmental theories take very different approaches to the study of crime. General theories, like Gottfredson and Hirschi's recent theory of self‐control, assume that crime can be explained with reference to a single or very limited set of explanatory factors. In addition, some general theories, like Gottfredson and Hirschi's, adopt a very static approach to causality. They presume that prior offending has no causal effect on curren…
Onset Age, Persistence, and Offending Versatility: Comparisons Across Gender
Offending specialization has received considerable attention in past research on criminal careers. Relatively little attention has been given to examining the relationships between various sub‐group differences and the extent to which individuals tend toward specialization or versatility in their criminal careers. In the present analysis, we examine hypotheses derived from Moffitt's recent developmental theory that bear directly on offending spec…
The Structural Similarity of Processes Generating Criminal and Analogous Behaviors
It is possible to distinguish between broad‐domain theories that offer an explanation for all phenomena of interest to a discipline and narrow‐domain theories that attempt to explain a subset of those phenomena. In criminology, this distinction has prompted theorists and researchers to confront the question of whether the same etiological process can explain variation in all types of criminal offending behavior or whether it will be necessary to …
Unpacking the Relationship Between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behavior: A Matched Samples Comparison
A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐b…
Reassessing Race Disparities in Maryland Capital Cases
A generation of research studies that were conducted in multiple states and covered different time periods has found evidence that individuals who kill white victims encounter a greater risk of facing the death penalty than killers of black victims. More recently, research has also examined the likelihood of death penalty processing for black defendants who kill white victims in comparison with other defendant–victim race groups. In particular, a…
The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors
What happens to high school youths when they take on jobs during the school year, sometimes working long hours, while trying to maintain the role of student? There is a consensus in the empirical literature that teenage employment, particularly what is termed “intensive” employment, results in a constellation of detrimental consequences: lower school grades, diminished educational ambitions, and emotional alienation from parents. There is even mo…
Criminal Propensities, Discrete Groups of Offenders, and Persistence in Crime
Criminal propensity theorists argue that the causes of variation in offending behavior can be traced to variation in one or more causal traits. Other theorists contend that there is actually more than one type of offender and that more than one causal mechanism operates to explain offending behavior. In this article, some of the implications of these two positions are considered. Then, their congruence with recidivism data from a cohort of post‐a…
On the Initiation and Continuation of Delinquency
An ongoing debate among criminologists concerns the merits of studying different dimensions of offending, such as initiation, frequency, and duration. One critical point of contention is whether separate models are necessary to explain different aspects of offending. The current study uses empirical data to assess whether different models are required to explain initiation and continuation of delinquent behavior. Using the first four waves of the…
Boot Camp Prisons and Recidivism in Eight States
Recidivism reduction is an important objective of many correctional programs. Recent survey data suggest that boot camp prisons (also referred to as shock incarceration programs) are no exception. In this study, we examine recidivism among boot camp completers in eight states during community supervision. We then assess these recidivism patterns in light of how one or more comparison groups in each state perform. For most states, two or more reci…
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: General and typological effects across sex
Examining the Prevalence of Criminal Desistance
Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. In general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict membership in that population. In this paper, we conside…
Tobit Models in Social Science Research: Some Limitations and a More General Alternative
The use of tobit models to study censored and limited dependent variables has become increasingly common in applied social science research over the past two decades. Importantly, the likelihood function for a tobit model involves two distinct components: (1) the process that determines whether the outcome variable is fully observed or not and (2) the process that determines the score on the dependent variable for individuals whose outcome is ful…
Long‐term Crime Desistance and Recidivism Patterns—evidence From the Essex County Convicted Felon Study
Two conflicting definitions of desistance exist in the criminology literature. The first definition is instantaneous desistance in which an offender simply chooses to end a criminal career instantaneously moving to a zero rate of offending ( ). The second definition views desistance as a process by which the offending rate declines steadily over time to zero or to a point close to zero ( ; ; ). In this article, we capitalize on the underlying ass…
On the Use of Panel Research Designs and Random Effects Models to Investigate Static and Dynamic Theories of Criminal Offending
There is a long‐standing debate in criminology about the relative impact of static versus dynamic factors on criminal behavior. Researchers interested in estimating the impact of dynamic factors like prior offending or association with delinquent peers on criminal offending must control for static factors like intelligence, family background, or self‐control, which could plausibly be correlated with criminal offending and the dynamic factor itsel…
On the Development of Different Kinds of Criminal Activity
Research has established that individuals who participate in one form of antisocial behavior are at relatively high risk of participating in other forms of antisocial behavior as well. In this article, the authors rely on recent methodological advances to study the longitudinal development of two different forms of antisocial behavior: serious violent offenses and other offenses. The results of their analysis of two Philadelphia birth cohorts sug…
On the Association Among Self‐control, Crime, and Analogous Behaviors
In a paper previously published in Criminology (Paternoster and Brame, 1998), we used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development to investigate the association between criminal activity and a set of so‐called “analogous behaviors” (i.e., excessive drinking, smoking, gambling, involvement in accidents, etc.). Our reading of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) self‐control theory led us to hypothesize that both of these outcomes should de…
Understanding the Relationship Between Onset Age and Subsequent Offending During Adolescence
Criminal career progression among serious youthful offenders in Australia
On the Initiation and Continuation of Delinquency
An ongoing debate among criminologists concerns the merits of studying different dimensions of offending, such as initiation, frequency, and duration. One critical point of contention is whether separate models are necessary to explain different aspects of offending. The current study uses empirical data to assess whether different models are required to explain initiation and continuation of delinquent behavior. Using the first four waves of the…
Boot Camp Prisons and Recidivism in Eight States
Recidivism reduction is an important objective of many correctional programs. Recent survey data suggest that boot camp prisons (also referred to as shock incarceration programs) are no exception. In this study, we examine recidivism among boot camp completers in eight states during community supervision. We then assess these recidivism patterns in light of how one or more comparison groups in each state perform. For most states, two or more reci…
Criminal Propensities, Discrete Groups of Offenders, and Persistence in Crime
Criminal propensity theorists argue that the causes of variation in offending behavior can be traced to variation in one or more causal traits. Other theorists contend that there is actually more than one type of offender and that more than one causal mechanism operates to explain offending behavior. In this article, some of the implications of these two positions are considered. Then, their congruence with recidivism data from a cohort of post‐a…
Multiple Routes to Delinquency? A Test of Developmental and General Theories of Crime
General and developmental theories take very different approaches to the study of crime. General theories, like Gottfredson and Hirschi's recent theory of self‐control, assume that crime can be explained with reference to a single or very limited set of explanatory factors. In addition, some general theories, like Gottfredson and Hirschi's, adopt a very static approach to causality. They presume that prior offending has no causal effect on curren…
Do Fair Procedures Matter? The Effect of Procedural Justice on Spouse Assault
In a reanalysis of the Milwaukee Domestic Violence Experiment, we examine whether the use of fair procedures on the part of police officers called to the scene of a domestic assault inhibits subsequent assault. Consistent with expectations, we found that procedural justice did suppress subsequent violence, even in the face of adverse outcomes. When police acted in a procedurally fair manner when arresting assault suspects, the rate of subsequent …
The Structural Similarity of Processes Generating Criminal and Analogous Behaviors
It is possible to distinguish between broad‐domain theories that offer an explanation for all phenomena of interest to a discipline and narrow‐domain theories that attempt to explain a subset of those phenomena. In criminology, this distinction has prompted theorists and researchers to confront the question of whether the same etiological process can explain variation in all types of criminal offending behavior or whether it will be necessary to …
Using the Correct Statistical Test for the Equality of Regression Coefficients
Criminologists are often interested in examining interactive effects within a regression context. For example, “holding other relevant factors constant, is the effect of delinquent peers on one's own delinquent conduct the same for males and females?” or “is the effect of a given treatment program comparable between first‐time and repeat offenders?” A frequent strategy in examining such interactive effects is to test for the difference between tw…
On the Use of Panel Research Designs and Random Effects Models to Investigate Static and Dynamic Theories of Criminal Offending
There is a long‐standing debate in criminology about the relative impact of static versus dynamic factors on criminal behavior. Researchers interested in estimating the impact of dynamic factors like prior offending or association with delinquent peers on criminal offending must control for static factors like intelligence, family background, or self‐control, which could plausibly be correlated with criminal offending and the dynamic factor itsel…
On the Association Among Self‐control, Crime, and Analogous Behaviors
In a paper previously published in Criminology (Paternoster and Brame, 1998), we used data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development to investigate the association between criminal activity and a set of so‐called “analogous behaviors” (i.e., excessive drinking, smoking, gambling, involvement in accidents, etc.). Our reading of Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) self‐control theory led us to hypothesize that both of these outcomes should de…
Onset Age, Persistence, and Offending Versatility: Comparisons Across Gender
Offending specialization has received considerable attention in past research on criminal careers. Relatively little attention has been given to examining the relationships between various sub‐group differences and the extent to which individuals tend toward specialization or versatility in their criminal careers. In the present analysis, we examine hypotheses derived from Moffitt's recent developmental theory that bear directly on offending spec…
Assessing the Impact of Exposure Time and Incapacitation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Criminal Offending
The authors examine the potential effect of accounting for exposure time by examining the arrests of 272 serious offenders who were paroled at age 18 and followed through age 33. The authors describe the overall change in the arrest rate over the 16-year period, with and without adjustments for exposure time. The authors also estimate latent class models that decompose the heterogeneity of arrest rate trends, with and without variation in exposur…
On the Development of Different Kinds of Criminal Activity
Research has established that individuals who participate in one form of antisocial behavior are at relatively high risk of participating in other forms of antisocial behavior as well. In this article, the authors rely on recent methodological advances to study the longitudinal development of two different forms of antisocial behavior: serious violent offenses and other offenses. The results of their analysis of two Philadelphia birth cohorts sug…
Crime in Emerging Adulthood
The extent to which local life circumstances influence criminal activity has been the focus of much theoretical debate. Although empirical research has been initiated, it remains limited. Herein, we use data on 524 serious offenders from the California Youth Authority for a seven‐year post‐parole period to examine the relationship between changes in local life circumstances and criminal activity. We extend previous research by employing a statist…
Examining the Prevalence of Criminal Desistance
Criminological theorists and criminal justice policy makers place a great deal of importance on the idea of desistance. In general terms, criminal desistance refers to a cessation of offending activity among those who have offended in the past. Some significant challenges await those who would estimate the relative size of the desisting population or attempt to identify factors that predict membership in that population. In this paper, we conside…
The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors
What happens to high school youths when they take on jobs during the school year, sometimes working long hours, while trying to maintain the role of student? There is a consensus in the empirical literature that teenage employment, particularly what is termed “intensive” employment, results in a constellation of detrimental consequences: lower school grades, diminished educational ambitions, and emotional alienation from parents. There is even mo…
Tobit Models in Social Science Research: Some Limitations and a More General Alternative
The use of tobit models to study censored and limited dependent variables has become increasingly common in applied social science research over the past two decades. Importantly, the likelihood function for a tobit model involves two distinct components: (1) the process that determines whether the outcome variable is fully observed or not and (2) the process that determines the score on the dependent variable for individuals whose outcome is ful…
Theory and Research on Desistance from Antisocial Activity among Serious Adolescent Offenders
Improving juvenile court decision making requires information about how serious adolescent offenders desist from antisocial activity. A systematic research agenda on this topic requires consideration of several processes, including normative development in late adolescence, what constitutes desistance, and the factors likely to promote the end of involvement in antisocial behavior and successful adjustment in early adulthood. This article present…
Scarlet Letters and Recidivism: Does an Old Criminal Record Predict Future Offending
Research Summary: This research explores the issue of old prior records and their ability to predict future offending. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether, after a given period of time, the risk of recidivism for a person who has been arrested in the distant past is ever indistinguishable from that of a population of persons with no prior arrests. Two well‐documented empirical facts guide our investigation: (1) Individuals…
Unpacking the Relationship Between Adolescent Employment and Antisocial Behavior: A Matched Samples Comparison
A large body of research has consistently found that intensive employment during the school year is associated with heightened antisocial behavior. These findings have been influential in prompting policy recommendations to establish stricter limits on the number of hours that students can work during the school year. We reexamine the linkage between first‐time work at age 16 during the school year and problem behaviors. Our analysis uses group‐b…
Reassessing Race Disparities in Maryland Capital Cases
A generation of research studies that were conducted in multiple states and covered different time periods has found evidence that individuals who kill white victims encounter a greater risk of facing the death penalty than killers of black victims. More recently, research has also examined the likelihood of death penalty processing for black defendants who kill white victims in comparison with other defendant–victim race groups. In particular, a…
Understanding the Relationship Between Onset Age and Subsequent Offending During Adolescence
Criminal career progression among serious youthful offenders in Australia
Cumulative Prevalence of Arrest From Ages 8 to 23 in a National Sample
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative proportion of youth who self-report having been arrested or taken into custody for illegal or delinquent offenses (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from ages 8 to 23 years. METHODS: Self-reported arrest history data (excluding arrests for minor traffic violations) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 7335) were examined from 1997 to 2008. RESULTS: By age 18, the in-sample cu…
Long‐term Crime Desistance and Recidivism Patterns—evidence From the Essex County Convicted Felon Study
Two conflicting definitions of desistance exist in the criminology literature. The first definition is instantaneous desistance in which an offender simply chooses to end a criminal career instantaneously moving to a zero rate of offending ( ). The second definition views desistance as a process by which the offending rate declines steadily over time to zero or to a point close to zero ( ; ; ). In this article, we capitalize on the underlying ass…
Bullying victimization and adolescent mental health: General and typological effects across sex
Crime Patterns and Interventions (25 works) · Psychology (25 works) · Criminology (20 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (17 works) · Criminal behavior (10 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Demography (7 works)