Ruben Ortiz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3846499 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ruben Ortiz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ruben |
| FAMILY NAME | Ortiz |
| SIGNATURE | ORTIZ R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Institute for Law and Justice |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1660-6739 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 8 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 8 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Eroding Protections, Expanding Enforcement
Executive Summary Since 2021, over 468,000 unaccompanied children have been apprehended by US immigration agencies and transferred into the care of the Office of Refugee Resettlement. According to the most recent data from the Office of Homeland Security Statistics (2025), more than 370,000 unaccompanied children’s cases are still working their way through the complex US immigration legal system. Unaccompanied children have long been identified a…
Cuando las piedras sangran
Cómo reconcilian los académicos del ámbito socio-jurídico, que comparan las sanciones monetarias con “sacarle sangre a un nabo” o “sacarle sangre a una piedra,” estas expresiones con el hecho de que las multas y recargos constituyen una industria en expansión? Abordamos este enigma enfocándonos en lo que tal vez sea la experiencia más común con sanciones monetarias entre la población: las multas de estacionamiento. Dado que las multas de estacion…
When turnips bleed
How do sociolegal scholars who liken monetary sanctions to "bleeding a turnip" or "drawing blood from stones" reconcile these idioms with the fact that fines and fees constitute a growth industry? We take up this puzzle by turning our attention to perhaps the most relatable experience with monetary sanctions among the population: parking tickets. Much of the available law and society literature on fines and fees documents how these sanctions disp…
Individuals in Default or the System? Race and Ethnicity, Stratification Views on Legal Debt, and Desire for Escalating Punishment
How do members of racial and ethnic groups explain the origins of unpaid legal debt from monetary sanctions, and how do such attributions undergird group differences in support for policy responses that escalate punishment? Using data from the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019, we apply an attributional typology of stratification beliefs to account for why legal debt from fines, fees, and tickets goes unpaid. We find differences in attribution t…
The Irrelevance of Innocence
The Irrelevance of Innocence' is a case study of Chicago that focuses on parking tickets that are written under false pretenses. We leverage multiple data sets against one another to demonstrate that more than one in eight tickets over a six-year span were written under conditions when restrictions did not apply. Then, we situate these findings within a multilevel framework to answer three questions: (1) Are errored tickets more likely to be issu…
Recognition and Disregard
We extend prior studies on racial apathy and monetary sanctions by uncovering the relationship between the two within the realm of preferences for liberal reforms. Our study draws upon the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019 to answer three basic questions: (1) Is racial apathy an empirically distinct form of modern prejudice? (2) Is racial apathy of political consequence for liberal reforms on monetary sanctions? (3) Does racial apathy influence …
Economic Competition and Police-caused Killings
Blacks, Latinx, and American Indians are killed by police at a disproportionately higher rate than Whites and Asians, but whether racial discrimination accounts for these killings remains disputed. We contribute to this debate by examining structural conditions in U.S. metropolitan areas that are associated with the expected count of police-caused killings. Using an economic competition model, we find that the size of the metropolitan Black popul…
Artes escénicas en contingencia
El Foro "Artes escénicas en contingencia" es una sección extraordinaria en la revista Investigación Teatral y manifiesta la urgente necesidad de reflexionar sobre el impacto que ha provocado la pandemia del COVID-19 en el quehacer escénico del mundo. Aquí están reunidos los textos de 13 de especialistas de México, Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba y España, colegas dedicados a la investigación, la creación, la docencia o la gestión del teatro, la…
The Irrelevance of Innocence
The Irrelevance of Innocence' is a case study of Chicago that focuses on parking tickets that are written under false pretenses. We leverage multiple data sets against one another to demonstrate that more than one in eight tickets over a six-year span were written under conditions when restrictions did not apply. Then, we situate these findings within a multilevel framework to answer three questions: (1) Are errored tickets more likely to be issu…
Recognition and Disregard
We extend prior studies on racial apathy and monetary sanctions by uncovering the relationship between the two within the realm of preferences for liberal reforms. Our study draws upon the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019 to answer three basic questions: (1) Is racial apathy an empirically distinct form of modern prejudice? (2) Is racial apathy of political consequence for liberal reforms on monetary sanctions? (3) Does racial apathy influence …
Artes escénicas en contingencia
El Foro "Artes escénicas en contingencia" es una sección extraordinaria en la revista Investigación Teatral y manifiesta la urgente necesidad de reflexionar sobre el impacto que ha provocado la pandemia del COVID-19 en el quehacer escénico del mundo. Aquí están reunidos los textos de 13 de especialistas de México, Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba y España, colegas dedicados a la investigación, la creación, la docencia o la gestión del teatro, la…
Economic Competition and Police-caused Killings
Blacks, Latinx, and American Indians are killed by police at a disproportionately higher rate than Whites and Asians, but whether racial discrimination accounts for these killings remains disputed. We contribute to this debate by examining structural conditions in U.S. metropolitan areas that are associated with the expected count of police-caused killings. Using an economic competition model, we find that the size of the metropolitan Black popul…
Individuals in Default or the System? Race and Ethnicity, Stratification Views on Legal Debt, and Desire for Escalating Punishment
How do members of racial and ethnic groups explain the origins of unpaid legal debt from monetary sanctions, and how do such attributions undergird group differences in support for policy responses that escalate punishment? Using data from the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019, we apply an attributional typology of stratification beliefs to account for why legal debt from fines, fees, and tickets goes unpaid. We find differences in attribution t…
The Irrelevance of Innocence
The Irrelevance of Innocence' is a case study of Chicago that focuses on parking tickets that are written under false pretenses. We leverage multiple data sets against one another to demonstrate that more than one in eight tickets over a six-year span were written under conditions when restrictions did not apply. Then, we situate these findings within a multilevel framework to answer three questions: (1) Are errored tickets more likely to be issu…
Recognition and Disregard
We extend prior studies on racial apathy and monetary sanctions by uncovering the relationship between the two within the realm of preferences for liberal reforms. Our study draws upon the Chicago Area Finances Survey, 2019 to answer three basic questions: (1) Is racial apathy an empirically distinct form of modern prejudice? (2) Is racial apathy of political consequence for liberal reforms on monetary sanctions? (3) Does racial apathy influence …
When turnips bleed
How do sociolegal scholars who liken monetary sanctions to "bleeding a turnip" or "drawing blood from stones" reconcile these idioms with the fact that fines and fees constitute a growth industry? We take up this puzzle by turning our attention to perhaps the most relatable experience with monetary sanctions among the population: parking tickets. Much of the available law and society literature on fines and fees documents how these sanctions disp…
Eroding Protections, Expanding Enforcement
Executive Summary Since 2021, over 468,000 unaccompanied children have been apprehended by US immigration agencies and transferred into the care of the Office of Refugee Resettlement. According to the most recent data from the Office of Homeland Security Statistics (2025), more than 370,000 unaccompanied children’s cases are still working their way through the complex US immigration legal system. Unaccompanied children have long been identified a…
Cuando las piedras sangran
Cómo reconcilian los académicos del ámbito socio-jurídico, que comparan las sanciones monetarias con “sacarle sangre a un nabo” o “sacarle sangre a una piedra,” estas expresiones con el hecho de que las multas y recargos constituyen una industria en expansión? Abordamos este enigma enfocándonos en lo que tal vez sea la experiencia más común con sanciones monetarias entre la población: las multas de estacionamiento. Dado que las multas de estacion…
Crime Patterns and Interventions (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (4 works) · Economics (4 works) · Law (4 works) · Political science (4 works) · Sanctions (4 works) · Debt (3 works) · Finance (3 works) · Population (3 works)