Peter Kirby
Biographic Data
| ID | 3847252 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter Kirby |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter |
| FAMILY NAME | Kirby |
| SIGNATURE | KIRBY P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Manchester |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1956 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Supernatural agents and prosociality in historical China
A major source of attention paid to high gods in the fields of cultural evolution and cognitive science is the social effects of belief in high gods. Belief in high gods is both hypothesized to catalyze a cognitive punishment-avoidance mechanism at the level of individual minds, and a group cultural evolutionary mechanism that amplifies in-group cooperation. Recent research into non-Western contexts not only indicates a multiplicity of supernatur…
Travail des enfants, risques professionnels et législation industrielle dans les industries textiles et minières en Grande-Bretagne au début du XIX e siècle
Cet article cherche à comprendre pourquoi l'attention s'est largement focalisée sur le travail des enfants vers la quatrième décennie du XIX e siècle. Il examine quelle a été l'influence de la question de la sécurité au travail sur l'action gouvernementale concernant l'emploi des enfants et dans quelle mesure l'historiographie, qui a mis un accent disproportionné sur les campagnes parlementaires et le travail des « grands réformateurs », a eu ten…
Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 1775-18641
The transition to industrial capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was accompanied by a decline in irregular work attendance. The chronology of that decline is unclear due to a lack of quantitative evidence. This article examines detailed colliery records from a crucial period of industrial transition and shows that traditional patterns of attendance and work effort survived in one of the leading sectors of the industrial revoluti…
Childhood and child labour in the British industrial revolution - By Jane Humphries
A brief statistical sketch of the child labour market in mid-nineteenth-century London
The profusion of small trades and services that characterized the nineteenth-century London labour market makes it extremely difficult to arrive at any general understanding of the work of children and juveniles. This brief study employs published statistical materials and compares children's occupations in the metropolis with the national picture. It argues that London contained exceptionally low levels of children's employment compared with the…
Centuries of child labour
Debate
Journal Article Debate: How Many Children Were 'Unemployed' in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century England? Get access Peter Kirby Peter Kirby University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 187, Issue 1, May 2005, Pages 187–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gti005 Published: 01 May 2005
The Social and Demographic Context of Child Labour
One of the most noticeable features of the social structure of eighteenth- and nineteenth century Britain was the presence of large numbers of children. Laslett remarked of early modern England, ‘there were children everywhere; playing in the village street and fields when they were very small, hanging around the farmyards and getting in the way, until they had grown enough to be given child-sized jobs to do’.1 During the eighteenth and early nin…
Conclusion
Despite the severe limitations of the surviving evidence of child labour, some general conclusions may be drawn. First, the employment of very young children was never widespread in British society. Child labour below the age of 10 invariably formed part of the survival strategies of the poor. The demographic structure of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain led to an increased burden of dependency among poor families and early employment m…
Child Labour and the State
The secular decline of child labour during the nineteenth century has traditionally been explained as a result of a struggle for factory reform and the introduction of education laws. This form of analysis dominated the detailed studies of state legislation produced during the first half of the twentieth century by historians such as Hutchins and Harrison, Robson and Thomas. 1 Many of the early social historians overtly couched their discussions …
Sources for the History of Child Labour
Any study of child labour in history must begin with an assessment of the limitations of the primary evidence upon which our knowledge is based. In recent decades, historians have shown how the norms and values of dominant social groups in the past influenced the collection and reporting of vital statistics. 1 The mere survival of an historical source provides no assurance that its subjects were typical of a wider population, and even the most pr…
Child Labour and the Organisation of Production
Early histories of the Industrial Revolution held that the spread of machine production during the ‘factory age’ (c.1760 to 1850) led to a rapid transformation in the economic and social life of Britain. Increasingly, however, historians have discovered that the pace of industrial growth was a more gradual process and that ‘revolutionary’ change in production was confined to a small number of districts (notably, the central belt of Scotland, Lanc…
Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870
List of Tables.- List of Figures.- Preface.- Introduction.- Sources for the History of Child Labour.- The Social and Demographic Context of Child Labour.- Child Labour and the Organisation of Production.- Child Labour and the State.- Conclusion.- Further Reading.- Appendix.- Bibliography.- Index
Short stature among coal-mining children
Causes of short stature among coal-mining children, 1823-18501
Causes of Short Stature among Coal-Mining Children, 1823-1850
Stature, Living Standards, and Economic Development
The Building in Stone of a New Kraal for the Paramount Chief of the Venda in the Nineteen-Thirties
Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870
List of Tables.- List of Figures.- Preface.- Introduction.- Sources for the History of Child Labour.- The Social and Demographic Context of Child Labour.- Child Labour and the Organisation of Production.- Child Labour and the State.- Conclusion.- Further Reading.- Appendix.- Bibliography.- Index
Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 1775-18641
The transition to industrial capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was accompanied by a decline in irregular work attendance. The chronology of that decline is unclear due to a lack of quantitative evidence. This article examines detailed colliery records from a crucial period of industrial transition and shows that traditional patterns of attendance and work effort survived in one of the leading sectors of the industrial revoluti…
A brief statistical sketch of the child labour market in mid-nineteenth-century London
The profusion of small trades and services that characterized the nineteenth-century London labour market makes it extremely difficult to arrive at any general understanding of the work of children and juveniles. This brief study employs published statistical materials and compares children's occupations in the metropolis with the national picture. It argues that London contained exceptionally low levels of children's employment compared with the…
Centuries of child labour
Debate
Journal Article Debate: How Many Children Were 'Unemployed' in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century England? Get access Peter Kirby Peter Kirby University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 187, Issue 1, May 2005, Pages 187–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gti005 Published: 01 May 2005
Causes of short stature among coal-mining children, 1823-18501
Short stature among coal-mining children
Causes of Short Stature among Coal-Mining Children, 1823-1850
The Building in Stone of a New Kraal for the Paramount Chief of the Venda in the Nineteen-Thirties
The Building in Stone of a New Kraal for the Paramount Chief of the Venda in the Nineteen-Thirties
Causes of short stature among coal-mining children, 1823-18501
Causes of Short Stature among Coal-Mining Children, 1823-1850
Stature, Living Standards, and Economic Development
Short stature among coal-mining children
The Social and Demographic Context of Child Labour
One of the most noticeable features of the social structure of eighteenth- and nineteenth century Britain was the presence of large numbers of children. Laslett remarked of early modern England, ‘there were children everywhere; playing in the village street and fields when they were very small, hanging around the farmyards and getting in the way, until they had grown enough to be given child-sized jobs to do’.1 During the eighteenth and early nin…
Conclusion
Despite the severe limitations of the surviving evidence of child labour, some general conclusions may be drawn. First, the employment of very young children was never widespread in British society. Child labour below the age of 10 invariably formed part of the survival strategies of the poor. The demographic structure of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain led to an increased burden of dependency among poor families and early employment m…
Child Labour and the State
The secular decline of child labour during the nineteenth century has traditionally been explained as a result of a struggle for factory reform and the introduction of education laws. This form of analysis dominated the detailed studies of state legislation produced during the first half of the twentieth century by historians such as Hutchins and Harrison, Robson and Thomas. 1 Many of the early social historians overtly couched their discussions …
Sources for the History of Child Labour
Any study of child labour in history must begin with an assessment of the limitations of the primary evidence upon which our knowledge is based. In recent decades, historians have shown how the norms and values of dominant social groups in the past influenced the collection and reporting of vital statistics. 1 The mere survival of an historical source provides no assurance that its subjects were typical of a wider population, and even the most pr…
Child Labour and the Organisation of Production
Early histories of the Industrial Revolution held that the spread of machine production during the ‘factory age’ (c.1760 to 1850) led to a rapid transformation in the economic and social life of Britain. Increasingly, however, historians have discovered that the pace of industrial growth was a more gradual process and that ‘revolutionary’ change in production was confined to a small number of districts (notably, the central belt of Scotland, Lanc…
Child Labour in Britain, 1750–1870
List of Tables.- List of Figures.- Preface.- Introduction.- Sources for the History of Child Labour.- The Social and Demographic Context of Child Labour.- Child Labour and the Organisation of Production.- Child Labour and the State.- Conclusion.- Further Reading.- Appendix.- Bibliography.- Index
A brief statistical sketch of the child labour market in mid-nineteenth-century London
The profusion of small trades and services that characterized the nineteenth-century London labour market makes it extremely difficult to arrive at any general understanding of the work of children and juveniles. This brief study employs published statistical materials and compares children's occupations in the metropolis with the national picture. It argues that London contained exceptionally low levels of children's employment compared with the…
Centuries of child labour
Debate
Journal Article Debate: How Many Children Were 'Unemployed' in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century England? Get access Peter Kirby Peter Kirby University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 187, Issue 1, May 2005, Pages 187–202, https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gti005 Published: 01 May 2005
Childhood and child labour in the British industrial revolution - By Jane Humphries
Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 1775-18641
The transition to industrial capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was accompanied by a decline in irregular work attendance. The chronology of that decline is unclear due to a lack of quantitative evidence. This article examines detailed colliery records from a crucial period of industrial transition and shows that traditional patterns of attendance and work effort survived in one of the leading sectors of the industrial revoluti…
Travail des enfants, risques professionnels et législation industrielle dans les industries textiles et minières en Grande-Bretagne au début du XIX e siècle
Cet article cherche à comprendre pourquoi l'attention s'est largement focalisée sur le travail des enfants vers la quatrième décennie du XIX e siècle. Il examine quelle a été l'influence de la question de la sécurité au travail sur l'action gouvernementale concernant l'emploi des enfants et dans quelle mesure l'historiographie, qui a mis un accent disproportionné sur les campagnes parlementaires et le travail des « grands réformateurs », a eu ten…
Supernatural agents and prosociality in historical China
A major source of attention paid to high gods in the fields of cultural evolution and cognitive science is the social effects of belief in high gods. Belief in high gods is both hypothesized to catalyze a cognitive punishment-avoidance mechanism at the level of individual minds, and a group cultural evolutionary mechanism that amplifies in-group cooperation. Recent research into non-Western contexts not only indicates a multiplicity of supernatur…
History (13 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (11 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Archaeology (8 works) · Economics (8 works) · Political science (7 works) · Law (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Geography (5 works) · Australian History and Society (4 works)