John F Richards
Biographic Data
| ID | 3857726 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John F Richards |
| GIVEN NAMES | John F |
| FAMILY NAME | Richards |
| SIGNATURE | RICHARDS J F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 494 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1958 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Power, Administration and Finance in Mughal India
Contents: The Islamic frontier in the East: expansion into South Asia Outflow of precious metals from early Islamic India The formulation of imperial authority under Akbar and Jahangir Norms of comportment among imperial Mughal officers Mughal state finance and the pre-modern world economy The 17th-century crisis in South Asia The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687a 1724 Mughal retreat from Coastal Andhra Banditry in Mughal India: historical and folk perce…
The World Hunt: An Environmental History of the Commodification of Animals
Presented here is the final and most coherent section of a sweeping classic work in environmental history, The Unending Frontier. The World Hunt focuses on the commercial hunting of wildlife and its profound global impact on the environment and the early modern world economy. Tracing the massive expansion of the European quest for animal products, The World Hunt explores the fur trade in North America and Russia, cod fishing in the North Atlantic…
The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World
It was the age of exploration, the age of empire and conquest, and human beings were extending their reach—and their numbers—as never before. In the process, they were intervening in the world's natural environment in equally unprecedented and dramatic ways. A sweeping work of environmental history, The Unending Frontier offers a truly global perspective on the profound impact of humanity on the natural world in the early modern period. John F. R…
Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards
Warriors and the State in Early Modern India
This essay argues for reconsideration and greater scholarly attention to the insights of Prof. Dirk Kolff as expressed in his 1989 book, Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy and in later writings. Kolff described a fluid, pervasive military labor market in late Mughal and early colonial North India that made vast numbers of armed, largely peasant soldiers available to military contractors, rulers, and rebels alike. His formulation permits us to see that arme…
The opium industry in British India
Opium and the British Indian Empire: The Royal Commission of 1895
The primary aim of this article is to take a fresh look at the massive report of the Royal Commission on Opium of 1895. This document is one of the great Victorian inquiries devoted to the Indian Empire. In it we see displayed the cultural tensions and conflicts negotiated between British colonizers and Indian colonized subjects.The author is indebted to Richard Newman for suggesting that the Royal Commission on Opium deserves reappraisal.Opium, …
The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths
Kingship and authority in South Asia
Seminar papers.
Early Modern India and World History
The early modern period in world history, roughly 1500-1800, was marked by several worldwide processes of change unprecedented in their scope and intensity. The term early modern—which is not Eurocentric—should be applied to this period in South Asian history. The society of the Indian subcontinent shared directly in the massive processes of change that influenced societies throughout the world
The Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire was one of the largest centralized states known in pre-modern world history. It was founded in the early 1500s and by the end of the following century the Mughal emperor ruled almost the entire Indian subcontinent with a population of between 100 and 150 millions. As well as military success, the Mughal emperors displayed immense wealth and the ceremonies, etiquette, music, poetry, and exquisitely executed paintings and objects …
Deforestation in the Postwar Philippines
The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India, 1500-1650
Long-term transformations in the Sundarbans wetlands forests of Bengal
The Seventeenth-Century Crisis in South Asia
In several of the world's regions a 'general crisis' seems to have occurred in the first half of the seventeenth century. At that time in each region, political instability and war, population decline and urban stagnation, economic crises marked by falling prices and depleted stocks of precious metals, and dramatic climatic shifts converged. These symptoms have been detected in western Europe, in the Ottoman lands, and even in China and Japan. Th…
World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century
a | -4 5 Wd deige = "Gee ah 59 ow if ae "o (qos haazonia and Southeast Asia still uncut and undegraded-should be conducted with a longer-term historical perspective.It is our hope that in some measure this volume will help contribute to this perspective and understanding
Land Degradation and Society
Environmental Changes in Dehra Dun Valley, India: 1880-1980
Between 1880 and 1980 the population of the Dehra Dun valley increased by 426 percent and the density of population rose from 47 to 246 persons per sq. km. In the Dehra Dun metropolitan area population rose from 20,000 to about 300,000 today. This paper discusses the history of the changes and the effects on vegetation, land use, agriculture, and forestry. It concludes with suggestions for future historical research
XI. A Century of Rural Expansion in Assam, 1870-1970
The seven districts of present-day Assam state, comprising 7.8 million hectares (78,496 km 2 ), lie in the valley of the Brahmaputra river in the extreme northeast of India. On the map they form an extended finger of riverine land pointing toward the mountain boundary. Assam has been a steadily developing frontier region since the middle decades of the nineteenth century. One arm of this development has been that of the plantation economy devoted…
Kinship and pargana in eighteenth century Khandesh
Changing Land Use in Bihar, Punjab and Haryana, 1850-1970
Undivided colonial India experienced an accelerated rate of economic change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Official policies and funds combined with private entrepreneurial energies and investment to intensify India's linkages with the world market in trade, industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction. Slow, but in the long term steady, population expansion accompanied this trend. After 1947, economic development accelerate…
The Indian Empire and Peasant Production of Opium in the Nineteenth Century
IN the post-1857 decades of the nineteenth century, the British rulers of India controlled the vast territory and population of the Indian subcontinent (of the size and cultural diversity of Western Europe) under nearly ideal conditions of peace, stability and order. By this time as well, they could count on the active cooperation and loyalties of both old and new major indigenous elites in urban and rural India. The annual and decennial assessme…
Mughal State Finance and the Premodern World Economy
In the April 1979 issue ofCSSH, Karen Leonard has advanced a new explanation for the decline and eventual collapse of the Mughal empire in India. She argues that 'indigenous banking firms were indispensable allies of the Mughal state' (p. 152), and that the great nobles and imperial officers 'were more than likely to be directly dependent upon these banking firms.' (p. 165) Thus, when in the period 1650-1750 these banking firms began 'the redirec…
Banditry in Mughal India: Historical and Folk Perceptions
Mughal retreat from coastal Andhra
The aim of this article is to describe and assess those political changes occurring in the Godavari region of coastal Andhra (i.e. the districts of Srīkākūlam, Rajamundry, and Elluru) as a result of Mughal conquest in the later 17th century. Previous to that event, the Muslim kingdom of Golconda with its capital at Hyderabad had ruled this predominantly Telugu-speaking region. But imperial occupation did not carry with it increased political and …
The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths
Kingship and authority in South Asia
Seminar papers.
The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World
It was the age of exploration, the age of empire and conquest, and human beings were extending their reach—and their numbers—as never before. In the process, they were intervening in the world's natural environment in equally unprecedented and dramatic ways. A sweeping work of environmental history, The Unending Frontier offers a truly global perspective on the profound impact of humanity on the natural world in the early modern period. John F. R…
Early Modern India and World History
The early modern period in world history, roughly 1500-1800, was marked by several worldwide processes of change unprecedented in their scope and intensity. The term early modern—which is not Eurocentric—should be applied to this period in South Asian history. The society of the Indian subcontinent shared directly in the massive processes of change that influenced societies throughout the world
Changing Land Use in Bihar, Punjab and Haryana, 1850-1970
Undivided colonial India experienced an accelerated rate of economic change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Official policies and funds combined with private entrepreneurial energies and investment to intensify India's linkages with the world market in trade, industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction. Slow, but in the long term steady, population expansion accompanied this trend. After 1947, economic development accelerate…
The opium industry in British India
Opium and the British Indian Empire: The Royal Commission of 1895
The primary aim of this article is to take a fresh look at the massive report of the Royal Commission on Opium of 1895. This document is one of the great Victorian inquiries devoted to the Indian Empire. In it we see displayed the cultural tensions and conflicts negotiated between British colonizers and Indian colonized subjects.The author is indebted to Richard Newman for suggesting that the Royal Commission on Opium deserves reappraisal.Opium, …
The Seventeenth-Century Crisis in South Asia
In several of the world's regions a 'general crisis' seems to have occurred in the first half of the seventeenth century. At that time in each region, political instability and war, population decline and urban stagnation, economic crises marked by falling prices and depleted stocks of precious metals, and dramatic climatic shifts converged. These symptoms have been detected in western Europe, in the Ottoman lands, and even in China and Japan. Th…
The Indian Empire and Peasant Production of Opium in the Nineteenth Century
IN the post-1857 decades of the nineteenth century, the British rulers of India controlled the vast territory and population of the Indian subcontinent (of the size and cultural diversity of Western Europe) under nearly ideal conditions of peace, stability and order. By this time as well, they could count on the active cooperation and loyalties of both old and new major indigenous elites in urban and rural India. The annual and decennial assessme…
Long-term transformations in the Sundarbans wetlands forests of Bengal
Mughal State Finance and the Premodern World Economy
In the April 1979 issue ofCSSH, Karen Leonard has advanced a new explanation for the decline and eventual collapse of the Mughal empire in India. She argues that 'indigenous banking firms were indispensable allies of the Mughal state' (p. 152), and that the great nobles and imperial officers 'were more than likely to be directly dependent upon these banking firms.' (p. 165) Thus, when in the period 1650-1750 these banking firms began 'the redirec…
Banditry in Mughal India: Historical and Folk Perceptions
The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan
In recent years, historians associated with the school of Indo-Muslim history at Aligarh Muslim University have developed a persuasive, now widely accepted, view of imperial decline. Satish Chandra and M. Athar Ali have argued that a primary cause of the collapse of the Mughal empire in the early eighteenth century was the rise of intense factionalism among the Mughal nobility. Conflict within this imperial elite (i.e., the body of amirs or mansa…
The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia
(1974). The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 91-109
World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century
a | -4 5 Wd deige = "Gee ah 59 ow if ae "o (qos haazonia and Southeast Asia still uncut and undegraded-should be conducted with a longer-term historical perspective.It is our hope that in some measure this volume will help contribute to this perspective and understanding
Warriors and the State in Early Modern India
This essay argues for reconsideration and greater scholarly attention to the insights of Prof. Dirk Kolff as expressed in his 1989 book, Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy and in later writings. Kolff described a fluid, pervasive military labor market in late Mughal and early colonial North India that made vast numbers of armed, largely peasant soldiers available to military contractors, rulers, and rebels alike. His formulation permits us to see that arme…
Deforestation in the Postwar Philippines
XI. A Century of Rural Expansion in Assam, 1870-1970
The seven districts of present-day Assam state, comprising 7.8 million hectares (78,496 km 2 ), lie in the valley of the Brahmaputra river in the extreme northeast of India. On the map they form an extended finger of riverine land pointing toward the mountain boundary. Assam has been a steadily developing frontier region since the middle decades of the nineteenth century. One arm of this development has been that of the plantation economy devoted…
The Economic History of the Lodi Period: 1451-1526
Mughal retreat from coastal Andhra
The aim of this article is to describe and assess those political changes occurring in the Godavari region of coastal Andhra (i.e. the districts of Srīkākūlam, Rajamundry, and Elluru) as a result of Mughal conquest in the later 17th century. Previous to that event, the Muslim kingdom of Golconda with its capital at Hyderabad had ruled this predominantly Telugu-speaking region. But imperial occupation did not carry with it increased political and …
Symposium: The Contributions of Louis Dumont: Introduction
Louis Charles Jean Dumont has been Directeur d'Etudes in the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris since 1955. From 1951 until 1955 he was Lecturer in Indian Sociology at the University of Oxford. He began field research in India—among a single Tamil-speaking caste—in 1949, when the post-war generation of Anglo-American anthropologists was undertaking fieldwork on Indian villages. He had been trained in indology, Sanskrit and Dravidian studie…
The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687-1707
In September 1687 the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, finally achieved a goal he had sought for the past forty years: the conquest of the kingdom of Golconda. After an extended siege of the great fort of Golconda, treachery and a night escalade had finally given the Mughal ruler possession of the last center of resistance in the kingdom. Abul Hasan, the last Qutb Shah ruler, became a Mughal captive. Aurangzeb wasted little time in sending the former k…
Essentials of Latin. An Introductory Course Using Selections from Latin Literature
Cassell's New Latin-English, English-Latin Dictionary
Introduction. Advice to the User. Key to Pronunciation. Grammatical Notes. Cultural Notes. List of Abbreviations. Latin--English Dictionary. English--Latin Dictionary
The Economic History of the Lodi Period: 1451-1526
The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia
(1974). The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 91-109
Symposium: The Achievement of Georges Dumézil
For thirty-five years a major scholarly dialogue, (which often spilled over into abrasive debate) has enlivened the study of comparative Indo-European religions and mythology. At the center of this academic storm is Georges Dumézil, whose brilliant insights into the nature of early Indo-European cosmology, myths, rites, deities and social structure, have sent dozens of historians of religion, philologists and linguists to the texts in efforts to …
The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687-1707
In September 1687 the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, finally achieved a goal he had sought for the past forty years: the conquest of the kingdom of Golconda. After an extended siege of the great fort of Golconda, treachery and a night escalade had finally given the Mughal ruler possession of the last center of resistance in the kingdom. Abul Hasan, the last Qutb Shah ruler, became a Mughal captive. Aurangzeb wasted little time in sending the former k…
Symposium: The Contributions of Louis Dumont: Introduction
Louis Charles Jean Dumont has been Directeur d'Etudes in the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris since 1955. From 1951 until 1955 he was Lecturer in Indian Sociology at the University of Oxford. He began field research in India—among a single Tamil-speaking caste—in 1949, when the post-war generation of Anglo-American anthropologists was undertaking fieldwork on Indian villages. He had been trained in indology, Sanskrit and Dravidian studie…
The Imperial Crisis in the Deccan
In recent years, historians associated with the school of Indo-Muslim history at Aligarh Muslim University have developed a persuasive, now widely accepted, view of imperial decline. Satish Chandra and M. Athar Ali have argued that a primary cause of the collapse of the Mughal empire in the early eighteenth century was the rise of intense factionalism among the Mughal nobility. Conflict within this imperial elite (i.e., the body of amirs or mansa…
The History of Bengal Muslim Period 1200-1757
Mughal retreat from coastal Andhra
The aim of this article is to describe and assess those political changes occurring in the Godavari region of coastal Andhra (i.e. the districts of Srīkākūlam, Rajamundry, and Elluru) as a result of Mughal conquest in the later 17th century. Previous to that event, the Muslim kingdom of Golconda with its capital at Hyderabad had ruled this predominantly Telugu-speaking region. But imperial occupation did not carry with it increased political and …
Mughal Administration in Golconda
Banditry in Mughal India: Historical and Folk Perceptions
The Indian Empire and Peasant Production of Opium in the Nineteenth Century
IN the post-1857 decades of the nineteenth century, the British rulers of India controlled the vast territory and population of the Indian subcontinent (of the size and cultural diversity of Western Europe) under nearly ideal conditions of peace, stability and order. By this time as well, they could count on the active cooperation and loyalties of both old and new major indigenous elites in urban and rural India. The annual and decennial assessme…
Mughal State Finance and the Premodern World Economy
In the April 1979 issue ofCSSH, Karen Leonard has advanced a new explanation for the decline and eventual collapse of the Mughal empire in India. She argues that 'indigenous banking firms were indispensable allies of the Mughal state' (p. 152), and that the great nobles and imperial officers 'were more than likely to be directly dependent upon these banking firms.' (p. 165) Thus, when in the period 1650-1750 these banking firms began 'the redirec…
Kinship and pargana in eighteenth century Khandesh
Changing Land Use in Bihar, Punjab and Haryana, 1850-1970
Undivided colonial India experienced an accelerated rate of economic change in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Official policies and funds combined with private entrepreneurial energies and investment to intensify India's linkages with the world market in trade, industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction. Slow, but in the long term steady, population expansion accompanied this trend. After 1947, economic development accelerate…
Environmental Changes in Dehra Dun Valley, India: 1880-1980
Between 1880 and 1980 the population of the Dehra Dun valley increased by 426 percent and the density of population rose from 47 to 246 persons per sq. km. In the Dehra Dun metropolitan area population rose from 20,000 to about 300,000 today. This paper discusses the history of the changes and the effects on vegetation, land use, agriculture, and forestry. It concludes with suggestions for future historical research
XI. A Century of Rural Expansion in Assam, 1870-1970
The seven districts of present-day Assam state, comprising 7.8 million hectares (78,496 km 2 ), lie in the valley of the Brahmaputra river in the extreme northeast of India. On the map they form an extended finger of riverine land pointing toward the mountain boundary. Assam has been a steadily developing frontier region since the middle decades of the nineteenth century. One arm of this development has been that of the plantation economy devoted…
Land Degradation and Society
World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century
a | -4 5 Wd deige = "Gee ah 59 ow if ae "o (qos haazonia and Southeast Asia still uncut and undegraded-should be conducted with a longer-term historical perspective.It is our hope that in some measure this volume will help contribute to this perspective and understanding
Long-term transformations in the Sundarbans wetlands forests of Bengal
The Seventeenth-Century Crisis in South Asia
In several of the world's regions a 'general crisis' seems to have occurred in the first half of the seventeenth century. At that time in each region, political instability and war, population decline and urban stagnation, economic crises marked by falling prices and depleted stocks of precious metals, and dramatic climatic shifts converged. These symptoms have been detected in western Europe, in the Ottoman lands, and even in China and Japan. Th…
The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India, 1500-1650
The Mughal Empire
The Mughal empire was one of the largest centralized states known in pre-modern world history. It was founded in the early 1500s and by the end of the following century the Mughal emperor ruled almost the entire Indian subcontinent with a population of between 100 and 150 millions. As well as military success, the Mughal emperors displayed immense wealth and the ceremonies, etiquette, music, poetry, and exquisitely executed paintings and objects …
Deforestation in the Postwar Philippines
History (21 works) · Political science (18 works) · Geography (17 works) · Ancient history (14 works) · Economics (13 works) · History (13 works) · Archaeology (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East (10 works) · Sociology (9 works)