A J B Wace
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 386417 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | A J B Wace |
| NOMBRES | A J B |
| APELLIDO | Wace |
| FIRMA | WACE A J B |
| AFILIACIONES | British School at Rome |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 75 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 75 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1906 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1974 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
The Nomads of the Balkans
Tappeto
A companion to Homer
Aegean Prehistory
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Part II. A Faience Cylinder
In 1939 we cleared away the prickly oak scrub and excavated the rock ledge below the north temple terrace on the north summit of the acropolis of Mycenae. Here we found on the edge of the steep rock remains of a wall of largish blocks of limestone. These we believe to have been part of a Middle Helladic fortification wall running round the upper part of the acropolis. Behind this and held up by the wall were the ruins of two rooms and a thick dep…
Part IV. Prehistoric Cemetery
In 1939, following up the suggestion of Tsountas that Schliemann's Grave Circle with the tombs found under the houses round it had once formed part of a Prehistoric Cemetery which had been, so to speak, cut in two when the Lion Gate and Cyclopean Citadel Wall were built, we excavated an area north-west of the Lion Gate outside the walls in the hope of finding tombs belonging to the Cemetery. We were not disappointed and we found fifteen tombs ran…
Part V. The Chronology of Late Helladic Iiib
The sequence of styles in the evolution of Late Helladic pottery is now well recognized. A sequence dating of finds is thus archaeologically possible. Absolute dating of finds, however, is another and more difficult question. Nothing Late Helladic has any absolute date of its own. We can, however, arrive at approximate absolute dates from Late Helladic pottery found in datable contexts in Egypt or from Egyptian objects found in Late Helladic depo…
Introduction; and Addendum
In 1956 the Greek Archaeological Council decided that there should be no excavations at Mycenae. The Anastelosis Department was still busy with the rebuilding of the Cyclopean walls of the Citadel along the western side and along the stretch of ashlar work in conglomerate from the Lion Gate to the north-western angle. At the actual north-western angle the Cyclopean work of the northern wall of the acropolis had originally met the conglomerate wor…
Part I. Neolithic Mycenae
Stamatakes's excavations in the Grave Circle area revealed, although it was not recognized until much later, that Mycenae had been inhabited in the Early Bronze Age, the Early Helladic Period. This was confirmed by subsequent researches which produced Early Helladic material from the foot of the Ramp, outside the Grave Circle, beneath the South House and below the Palace. Now the recent work of Dr. Papademetriou and ourselves has yielded fresh ev…
The Brummagem Philhellene
You will not find the name of the Philhellene George Fanshawe Chubb in the Dictionary of National Biography, although that does include a purely mythical Philhellene Kirkman Finlay. Though he lost his life in the cause of Greece, Chubb is never mentioned by Finlay, Trikoupes, Gordon, or by any other historian of the Greek Revolution. He appears, like Melchizedek, to have had no ancestors and no posterity, and whether he was really a native of Bir…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1955
The British excavations at Mycenae were resumed in 1955 with research grants from the American Philosophical Society and Bollingen Foundation and contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, and the Seager Fund of the British School at Athens under whose aegis the excavations were conducted. Work began on August 6th and ceased on September 7th. The next two days were spent in studying and photographing the obj…
Part II. Ephyraean Ware
In the excavations at Korakou in 1915 Blegen first noted Ephyraean Ware as a definite and well-marked style of Mycenaean pottery. Its stratigraphie position places it in Late Helladic II and it is easily recognized in the pottery of that period. The characteristic shape (Fig. 1) is a one- or two-handled goblet with a short stem. Other shapes painted in what may be termed the Ephyraean manner have not yet been distinguished. The one- or two-handle…
St. George the Vampire
The saints in Greece occasionally have curious epithets. In Attica all know St. John the Hunter. In Naxos there is St. George the Drunken and in Thessaly you will find St. Nicholas the Murderer. Now too in Argolis you will hear of St. George the Vampire.The little church or rather shrine dedicated to that saint is in a kind of open cave which is really the entrance to a Mycenaean rock cut chamber tomb and it lies on the outskirts of the village o…
Mycenae, 1955
British Excavations—Mycenae, 1954
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Part III. Notes on the Construction of the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’
In 1950 the Anastelosis Section of the Greek Archaeological Service began the restoration of the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’, Fig., Plate 35. In view of our previous researches on the tomb, Dr. Papademetriou and the Anastelosis Section invited us to observe the work and to collaborate by a careful examination of the threshold and other points. Dr. Papademetriou has already published an account of the work himself, and the following notes with the plan…
Part II. The Prehistoric Cemetery
The exploration of the Grave Circle within the Cyclopean Walls near the Lion Gate, which we began in 1920, resulted in the discovery or identification of several groups of graves, which led us to the conclusion that a Prehistoric Cemetery had lain on the hillside at this point before the fortifications were constructed and that the Shaft Graves were a group of royal graves enclosed within that cemetery. In 1939, following a suggestion made by Tso…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1954
The British excavations of Mycenae in 1954 were conducted with research grants from the American Philosophical Society and Bollingen Foundation and with contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, and the British School at Athens, under whose auspices the work was carried out. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton has again provided an ideal base for preparing the material for publication. The work be…
British Excavations--Mycenae, 1954
Part II. The Grave Circle
In 1950 and 1952, in view of recent discussions about the date of the Grave Circle, we decided to make some fresh soundings in its supporting wall to see if any fresh evidence could be obtained. In the first year the work was confined to soundings in the battered supporting wall on the south side opposite the north-east corner of the House of the Warrior Vase, and was undertaken by Mr. Kenneth Rowe. In 1952 further soundings were made in the batt…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1953
The British excavations at Mycenae in 1953 were continued with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, Bollingen Foundation, and the British School at Athens, under whose aegis the excavations were conducted. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton has provided an ideal base for preparing the material for publication. The excavatio…
Part II. The Perseia Fountain House
In 1892 Tsountas in the course of exploration on the top of the ridge between the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’ and the Lion Gate found a painted circular cap of poros (o·61 m. in diameter), which from the cuttings in it clearly seems to have been connected with some form of installation for water (Plate 14, b ). It bears an inscription which as restored refers to Perseus. This inscribed cap Tsountas says he found among later ruins, but he did not speci…
Part IV. The Epano Phournos Tholos Tomb
The tholos tomb, known as the Epano Phournos (see Plan, Fig. 42 and photographs Plate 24), is one of the five tholos tombs which were known at Mycenae when modern archaeological research began there with Schliemann's excavations in 1876. The other four are: the Treasury of Atreus, the Lion Tomb, the Kato Phournos, and the Tomb of Clytemnestra. All these are marked on Schliemann's plan and that of Steffen, and the first three with the Epano Phourn…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1952
The British excavations at Mycenae in 1952 were conducted with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, the Leverhulme Trustees, and the British School at Athens under whose aegis the work was carried out. The excavations began on June 30th, and all active digging ceased on August 18th, though several days were needed to clear up everythi…
The Discovery of Inscribed Clay Tablets at Mycenae
That a system of writing had been in use in the Mycenaean civilisation on the mainland of Greece had been known ever since the then existing evidence was collected by Tsountas and Manatt in The Mycenaean Age , published in 1897. Further evidence thereafter slowly accumulated. An inscribed stirrup jar was found at Orchomenos in 1903. In subsequent years others were discovered at Tiryns, Thebes, and Eleusis; but in the fourth volume of The Palace o…
The Nomads of the Balkans
IV.—The Rhyton Well
During the campaign of 1920 we sank a few trial pits within the acropolis walls to test the stratification and to try to find, if possible, earlier remains, after it had become clear to us that the buildings immediately round the Grave Circle were not earlier in date than Late Helladic III. Two such pits were made on the slope about fifty metres south-east of the top of the Ramp. Near by we noticed what was at first taken to be a rectangular pit …
Mycenae
The plain of Argos is roughly triangular in shape. The base lies along the sea coast from Lerna to Nauplia and the apex is at Mycenae, which thus overlooks the Argive plain as Deceleia overlooks the Attic. The traveller, who, like Pausanias, approaches Argolis from the northeast by way of Corinth and Nemea and sees, as he emerges from the Tretos defile, the Argive plain opening before him to the southeast, will notice among the foothills to his l…
The prehistoric exploration of the Greek mainland
Part III. Commentary
Tsountas, as a result of his own excavations in the prehistoric cemeteries of Mycenae, came to the conclusion that the geographical distribution of the tombs in well-defined groups was not accidental, but designed. He found that the tombs were arranged in groups of eight, ten, or more lying close together in definite localities clearly separated from one another. This division of the cemeteries which lie near the Acropolis of Mycenae to the north…
The Pre-Mycenaean Pottery of the Mainland
Although as long ago as 1876 Schliemann's excavations at Mycenae revealed to us the prehistoric civilisation of the Peloponnese, it is only comparatively recently that its pre-Mycenaean culture has become known. For Crete the epoch-making excavations of Sir Arthur Evans have made clear to us the long pottery sequence which illustrates the development of prehistoric civilisation in that island from the end of neolithic times, through the great age…
Part V. The Chronology of Late Helladic Iiib
The sequence of styles in the evolution of Late Helladic pottery is now well recognized. A sequence dating of finds is thus archaeologically possible. Absolute dating of finds, however, is another and more difficult question. Nothing Late Helladic has any absolute date of its own. We can, however, arrive at approximate absolute dates from Late Helladic pottery found in datable contexts in Egypt or from Egyptian objects found in Late Helladic depo…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1955
The British excavations at Mycenae were resumed in 1955 with research grants from the American Philosophical Society and Bollingen Foundation and contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, and the Seager Fund of the British School at Athens under whose aegis the excavations were conducted. Work began on August 6th and ceased on September 7th. The next two days were spent in studying and photographing the obj…
Mycenae, 1955
Part III. Notes on the Construction of the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’
In 1950 the Anastelosis Section of the Greek Archaeological Service began the restoration of the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’, Fig., Plate 35. In view of our previous researches on the tomb, Dr. Papademetriou and the Anastelosis Section invited us to observe the work and to collaborate by a careful examination of the threshold and other points. Dr. Papademetriou has already published an account of the work himself, and the following notes with the plan…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1954
The British excavations of Mycenae in 1954 were conducted with research grants from the American Philosophical Society and Bollingen Foundation and with contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, and the British School at Athens, under whose auspices the work was carried out. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton has again provided an ideal base for preparing the material for publication. The work be…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1953
The British excavations at Mycenae in 1953 were continued with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, Bollingen Foundation, and the British School at Athens, under whose aegis the excavations were conducted. The Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton has provided an ideal base for preparing the material for publication. The excavatio…
Part II. The Perseia Fountain House
In 1892 Tsountas in the course of exploration on the top of the ridge between the ‘Tomb of Clytemnestra’ and the Lion Gate found a painted circular cap of poros (o·61 m. in diameter), which from the cuttings in it clearly seems to have been connected with some form of installation for water (Plate 14, b ). It bears an inscription which as restored refers to Perseus. This inscribed cap Tsountas says he found among later ruins, but he did not speci…
Part I. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of 1952
The British excavations at Mycenae in 1952 were conducted with a research grant from the American Philosophical Society assisted by contributions from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, the British Academy, the Leverhulme Trustees, and the British School at Athens under whose aegis the work was carried out. The excavations began on June 30th, and all active digging ceased on August 18th, though several days were needed to clear up everythi…
John Devitt Stringfellow Pendlebury
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Hastings and Finlay
I feel that first of all I owe you a word of explanation why I, who have never studied the history of the Greek War of Independence, should have ventured to speak to you to-day about two of the best known of the Britons who then offered their services to Greece against the Turks. Finlay was an intimate friend and the executor of Hastings, and had in his possession much of his friend's correspondence and other papers. Consequently, when many years…
I.—Excavations at Sparta, 1909
A little to the south of Sparta and opposite the hamlet of Psychiko, at the point where the Magoula river runs into the Eurotas, the hills on the left or eastern bank of the latter approach quite close to the river. These hills, which stand high above the plain, have long been identified with those on which, according to Polybius, the Menelaion stood, and as the site of Therapnai. In fact the statements of this author and of Livy make it practica…
Studies in Roman Historical Reliefs
The four papers here printed are part of the fruits of a study of the development of Roman reliefs undertaken during the last three years in Rome. The object of this study has been to attempt to determine the Roman or Alexandrian origin of the ‘Hellenistic’ reliefs that have been the subject of so much controversy. The result of this main investigation will be published elsewhere at a later time. In the meantime it is hoped that these papers will…
Fragments of Roman Historical Reliefs in the Lateran and Vatican Museums
The views expressed by Wickhoff upon Roman Art have been widely accepted, as far as concerns monuments whose Roman origin was undoubted. Riegl has approved the ‘shadow theory’ and explained it in his own peculiar art dialect. Petersen alone has combated it; and with such effect as practically to destroy all belief in this theory, which is Wickhoff's main principle in the appreciation of Roman reliefs, especially those of the Flavian period. Since…
II.—Excavations at Sparta, 1906
From the 3rd till the 26th of May a series of trial excavations was made along the river bank, north of the precinct of Artemis Orthia. These resulted in the discovery of the Greek wall of the city and of traces of an, at present, nameless Heroön close to it. The following description begins from the south. (General Plan, Pl. VII.) The part of the wall found south-east of the Artemisium is, as far as it has at present been uncovered, of a normal …
Studies in Roman Historical Reliefs
The four papers here printed are part of the fruits of a study of the development of Roman reliefs undertaken during the last three years in Rome. The object of this study has been to attempt to determine the Roman or Alexandrian origin of the ‘Hellenistic’ reliefs that have been the subject of so much controversy. The result of this main investigation will be published elsewhere at a later time. In the meantime it is hoped that these papers will…
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907
As was expected, the excavations of 1907 yielded even more stamped tiles than the first campaign. They were found in quantities all along the line of the city wall, especially at Klaraki, and on the south-eastern hill (General Plan, L 19 ). The sanctuaries of Athena Chalkioikos and Artemis Orthia also produced a great many. The total number approaches five hundred. Many of these give us entirely new and interesting inscriptions, and others help t…
Excavations at Theotokou, Thessaly
Theotokou lies at the south-eastern corner of the Magnesian peninsula, a little to the north of the bay of Kato Georgi. The site itself is the seaward end of a narrow valley, where a small brook discharges into a little cove just to the north of a hill called Kastro (Fig. 1). Here there stands a small chapel built in 1807, and dedicated to the Virgin. In the walls of the chapel itself are several ancient blocks, and north and south of it traces o…
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907
Between the Acropolis hill of Sparta and the northern limits of the modern town lies a stretch of level ground, the greater part of which is covered with olive trees. In the middle of this area (General Plan, K 14 and 15 ) are a series of four tombs, of which two found undisturbed and one empty belong to the Hellenistic age, while one, now unfortunately almost totally destroyed, appears to have had a greater antiquity. This line of tombs lies alo…
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907
One object of the excavations of 1907 was to attempt to determine the course of the city wall, so as to fix the limits within which the buildings mentioned by Pausanias were probably situated. In addition to the part traced by excavation in 1906 along the river bank (General Plan, O 15, 14, P 13 , (Pl. I.)) I had observed in other places remains of Greek masonry and other indications which possibly belonged to the city wall. These were accordingl…
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1908 § 8.—A Hoard of Hellenistic Coins
During the sinking of some trial pits by the iron bridge over the Eurotas a hoard of silver coins was found. They were contained in a plain vase of red ware, the mouth of which was closed by a clay stopper, and were discovered at a depth of ·50m. below the level of the present surface. The coins have now been transferred from the Sparta Museum to the National Coin Collection at Athens. They are all silver tetradrachms of Attic-Euboic weight, exce…
I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1908 § 7.—A Third-Century Marble Head
The head illustrated in Figure 1 was found by Mr. Woodward in trenching along the face of the late Roman walls to the east of the big Southern Tower. It is of bluish local marble and ·26 m. high. The face is well preserved, but the top and back of the head are missing. This, as shewn to some extent by the photograph, is due to the fact that the back of the head is cut with four intersecting planes.
II.—Topography
The following paper deals with the historical geography and antiquities of the south-eastern promontory of Laconia from Acriae on the Laconic Gulf to Epidaurus Limera. Most of the country included being within easy reach of the sea, the ‘periplus’ arrangement has been followed, and a concordance of ancient geographers is prefixed to each of the sections
Excavations at Zerélia, Thessaly
The mound known as Zerélia stands on a hill between two small lakes to the south-west of Almyró in Phthiotis (Fig. 1). Recent writers on the topography of the district have conjectured that this was the site of Itonos and the famous temple of Athena Itonia. We first visited the site in July 1907, and believed, that apart from the question of the site of the temple, it would repay excavation, since we recognised that the mound (Fig. 2) was probabl…
I.—Excavations at Sparta, 1909
A little to the south of Sparta and opposite the hamlet of Psychiko, at the point where the Magoula river runs into the Eurotas, the hills on the left or eastern bank of the latter approach quite close to the river. These hills, which stand high above the plain, have long been identified with those on which, according to Polybius, the Menelaion stood, and as the site of Therapnai. In fact the statements of this author and of Livy make it practica…
II.—Topography
This paper is a brief account of the classical topography of east-central Laconia. It includes all the country on the left bank of the Eurotas between Leonidi and Zarax with the exception of the small piece directly opposite Sparta and round Chrysapha. The whole of this district is not well watered and irrigation is not possible, for the fertile, undulating plain below Geraki is well above the level of the river; the olive tree, however, flourish…
A Cave of the Nymphs on Mount Ossa
On the north-west side of the great central cone of Mount Ossa a wide fissure runs right across the mountain from Mega Keserlì to Tságezi. On the south side of this fissure and at the base of the central cone lies the village of Spiliá, which is to be distinguished from another village of the same name near Laspochori at the eastern entrance to Tempe. To the north of the fissure rises a peak known as Pláka, which is the part of Ossa that directly…
The Reliefs in the Palazzo Spada
This paper deals with the well-known reliefs in the Palazzo Spada at Rome and those related to them, and is an attempt by means of a detailed analysis to determine their date and artistic affinities. As long ago as 1880 Dr. Theodor Schreiber suggested that they contained Hellenistic elements and were to some extent dependent for their motives on paintings. In 1888 he returned to the attack in his book on the Grimani reliefs at Vienna and put forw…
III.—Pottery
During the trial excavations carried out on the acropolis of Geraki in 1905 a certain number of fragments of interesting prehistoric pottery were found, as announced in the report published. It was hoped that it might be possible to examine the site again, and to obtain further information about its occupation in early times. This hitherto has not been possible, and therefore there seems no reason why the fragments should not be illustrated, sinc…
North Greek Festivals and the Worship of Dionysos
During the course of travel and exploration that we have carried out during the last three years in Thessaly, and South Macedonia, Mr. M. S. Thompson and myself have discovered that in these regions a carnival play similar to that seen by Mr. Dawkins in Thrace is still performed on certain occasions. It is surprising that these festivals have for so long escaped the notice of travellers, for the area in which they occur is a large one, and they w…
A Latin Inscription from Perrhaebia
In April, 1911, during an exploring journey undertaken on behalf of the Macedonian Exploration Fund, while travelling from Serfije to Elassona we were fortunate enough to discover the important Latin inscription here published. It lies in the ruined church of the Holy Trinity ( ̔Α γία Τ ριάς) on the right bank of the Sarantaporos, about five minutes to the north of the gendarmerie post by the Khan of Hajji Zhogu, on the high road some three hours…
The Distribution of Early Civilization in Northern Greece
The Distribution of Early Civilization in Northern Greece
Excavations at Halos
Although one of the smaller and less well-known cities in Thessaly Halos in Achaia Phthiotis has played an important part in history. Tradition attributes its origin to Athamas, and its position guarding the coast route between Othrys and the sea into the Spercheios valley, brought it on several critical occasions into prominence. In 480 B.C. together with the rest of Thessaly it submitted to Xerxes without a struggle, but in 346 B.C. it withstoo…
Inscriptions from Upper Macedonia
Upper Macedonia is the upland country which lies at the back of Mount Bermius as regards Macedonia properly so-called, which is the Campagna between the hills and the sea at the head of the Gulf of Salonica. Beyond the hills Olympus, Bermius, and their continuation northward, lies Upper Macedonia about the valleys of the Haliakmon and Erigon and round the lakes of Ochrida, Presba and Kastoria. This was the fourth region of Macedonia according to …
Mumming Plays in the Southern Balkans
Attention was first drawn to this subject when Mr. Dawkins published in the Journal of Hellenic Studies in 1906, a full account of the masquerade performed by Greeks in the district of Viza in Eastern Thrace. Both he and Mr. Lawson had previously described the Skyros Carnival, and Polites had recorded several instances from Northern Greece. In 1908, Katsarov drew attention to the fact that such mumming was also known among the Bulgarians both nea…
The Mounds of Macedonia
A recent journey has given me the opportunity of verifying and supplementing the observations on the prehistoric sites of Macedonia made by Mr. M. S. Thompson and myself in 1909. The following remarks are to be considered merely as notes intended to assist in the future exploration of Macedonian prehistoric mounds, as they are based on observation and not on excavation. In 1911 we noted a prehistoric settlement on a bluff on the right bank of the…
Cave Excavations in East Fife
The Kinkell Cave near St Andrew's was occupied during the Roman and early Christian periods. Artefacts included boar tusks, many shells, pottery and a slab incised with a human figure and a number of crosses. Constantine's Cave near Fife Ness was occupied at the same time with a comparable range of artefacts, although the whole front of the cave was walled. Crosses and animal figures were incised on the cave wall
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