Amira Jadoon
Biographic Data
| ID | 3876259 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amira Jadoon |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amira |
| FAMILY NAME | Jadoon |
| SIGNATURE | JADOON A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Clemson University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8716-0565 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
An Overview of Media Coverage Shifts Before and After the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election
The 2024 U.S. presidential election was historically unprecedented, featuring the first Black woman on a major party ticket, a late-stage Democratic nominee replacement, and the return of former President Donald Trump. This study provides a longitudinal analysis of how mainstream news coverage shifted in topic salience and tone before and after the election. Using socially mediated news articles from five high-circulation U.S. newspapers (January…
Mapping the Waves of Terrorism Using Computational Text Analysis
Lethal effects
The Digital Spin
Objective This study examines how agenda setting operates in today's hybrid media ecosystem by investigating how mainstream political events during the 2024 US election year were discussed on alternative social media platforms. Methods The study analyzes over 2000 mainstream news articles about high‐profile political events from January to March 2024, and related discourse across Facebook, Gab, Truth Social, and Telegram using Structural Topic Mo…
From Outrage to Empowerment Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan's Evolving Gender-Messaging
How do militant organizations adapt their gender-oriented propaganda in response to changing strategic conditions? Despite their male-dominated ideology and recruitment patterns, some Islamist militant groups have shown flexibility in their messaging toward women over time. Understanding adaptations in groups’ women-oriented messaging is important as it reveals how organizations attempt to maintain legitimacy between different phases of conflict,…
Carrot or stick, or both? Examining U.S. presidents' use of counterterrorism tools in Pakistan, 2001–2020
Within the context of eliciting partner country cooperation and interests alignment, U.S. presidents and their administrations have a wide array of policy tools at their disposal to mitigate terrorist threats emanating from other countries. Yet, the factors that account for variation in American presidents' and their administrations' specific counterterrorism policy choices to influence target states' behavior remain underexplored. To understand …
Embargoes, Weapons, and Violence
A primary goal of arms embargoes is to mitigate the humanitarian effects of conflict within target states by restricting access to foreign weaponry. Within this study, we investigate how embargoed governments adapt their violent strategies in response to restrictions on arms imports. We theorize that arms embargoes that undermine governments’ military strength may inadvertently increase their reliance on civilian repression as an alternative appr…
Winning or Losing Hearts and Minds? Evidence from Afghanistan on How Leadership Decapitation Affects Civilian Perceptions of Government Efficacy
Risk and Reward
Violent non-state actors often maintain diverse economic portfolios to fund their operations and endure. While some tactics yield limited funds, such as opportunistic robberies or kidnappings, other activities such as smuggling and drug trafficking can produce consistently high returns, but require complex planning, coordination and execution. This study delves into the nexus between the economic environments in which militant groups operate and …
The uninvited guest
Transnational jihadist organizations, such as the Islamic State, have sought to reinforce their reputations by establishing new global affiliates. Islamic State affiliates, in particular, have leveraged preexisting militant infrastructures in new locations to create strategic partnerships with some militant organizations, while delegitimizing and attacking others as rivals. In this context, we pose the following question: what factors explain whe…
Colonial Institutions and Civil War
The rise in intrastate conflict since the end of WWII has drawn much attention to the various incentives and opportunities that underpin violent rebellion, often resulting in protracted insurgencies. In his book Colonial Institutions and Civil War, Shivaji Mukherjee explores the breakout of insurgent movements in the era of decolonization since the 1950s. In particular, Mukherjee examines the role played by historical colonial institutions in sha…
Targeting Quality or Quantity? The Divergent Effects of Targeting Upper Verses Lower-Tier Leaders of Militant Organizations
Research on the efficacy of leadership decapitation has focused primarily on targeting the topmost leaders of groups. Yet, most organizations rely on multiple leaders with specific functional or geographical responsibilities, rather than a single symbolic leader. In this context, we pose the following question: how are the effects of leadership decapitation on a group’s short-term operational capacity conditioned by the type or rank of targeted l…
Operational Convergence or Divergence? Exploring the Influence of Islamic State on Militant Groups in Pakistan
Transnational terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State often rely on local militant groups to set up new affiliates or branches around the world. While past research has generally explored the motivations of groups to align, as well as the effects of alliances on lethality and survival of groups at the core of an alliance hub, there is limited analysis of how links with a transnational jihadist group triggers changes in the …
Fear, accessibility, and legitimacy
How does political violence affect public health risks? While past research provides useful insights, it remains unclear how the effect of violence on health risks varies by perpetrator identity, target, and the intensity of attacks. We argue that indiscriminate attacks by militants will discourage civilians from accessing healthcare services. In contrast, clashes between militants and governments are likely to induce state actors to augment heal…
Needs or Symbols? The Logic of United Nations Counterterrorism Treaty Ratification
Why do states commit to UN counterterrorism treaties? This article posits that state accession to UN counterterrorism treaties is likely informed by the nature of the terrorist threats a state faces, and consequently, the pressures that such threats generate from domestic and international audiences on the state to address (or appear to address) them. As such, we hypothesize that states ratify UN CT treaties for either material, needs-based reaso…
Breaking the Glass Ceiling? Female Participation in Militant Organizations in Islamic State Affiliates in Southeast Asia
Prior research on female participation in militant organizations explores organizational and individual factors that influence women’s recruitment, and the roles women fulfill. However, most research focuses either on transnational organizations or local militant groups. Within this study, we explore how linkages with transnational groups shape female participation within their overseas affiliate organizations. We employ an original dataset of fe…
Rivalry and recovery
Conflict Aggravation or Alleviation? A Cross-National Examination of U.S. Military Aid’s Effect on Conflict Dynamics with Insights from Pakistan
When women fight
Recent scholarship suggests that the prevalence of female fighters is determined by various demand and supply factors. On one hand, the voluntary supply of female fighters is dependent on women who are driven by various motivations, ranging from grievances to ideology. On the other hand, violent organizations frequently employ female fighters to gain important tactical and strategic advantages. Focusing on insurgent groups, we posit that two situ…
Using the Carrot as the Stick
We theorize that foreign aid relationships influence both the effectiveness of economic sanctions threats and the aggressiveness of senders in imposing sanctions. Aid sanctions are generally far less costly for senders than imposing commercially oriented sanctions but can still be very costly for their targets. Being able to disrupt aid flows as part of potential sanctions enhances sender states’ credibility that they will impose painful sanction…
Strength from the Shadows? How Shadow Economies Affect Terrorist Activities
Despite scholarly interest in the existence and consequences of the crime-terror nexus, little research has been done to examine how the presence of an illegal economic area, known as a shadow economy, impacts terrorist activity in a country. We propose a theory which argues that terrorists are able to rely on the partnerships and resources available in the shadow economy to increase their organizational capacity. Using data on terrorist activity…
Dissertation List
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Playing dirty to survive
U.S. military aid provides recipient governments the fighting capability they require to undermine domestic militant groups, which can undermine groups’ leadership structures and trigger group splintering. In this environment, brutal attacks against non-combatants become an effective mechanism for targeted groups to signal their resolve and outbid competitors. A large-n analysis of U.S. military aid between 1989 -2011 links higher levels of milit…
Prisoners at Midnight
Recent literature suggests that undergraduate students in political science dread studying methods, especially quantitative methods. Nonetheless, we believe that teaching students the value of quantitative analysis is critical. Going beyond traditional teaching approaches, we use a simulation to conceptualize the logic and process of quantitative analysis. In our simulation, student participants are told they are in a prison with another prisoner…
Persuasion and Predation
Powerful states frequently employ foreign aid to pursue international security objectives. Yet aid's effectiveness will be undermined if it exacerbates the effects of conflict on civilians within recipient states. This article investigates how international development aid and U.S. military aid influence recipient governments' incentives and ability to target civilians. U.S. military aid has a persuasion effect on state actors, which decreases a …
Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid
A prevalent view among both scholars and policymakers is that economic sanctions stigmatize and isolate their targets. According to this perspective, the stigma associated with economic sanctions should signal to foreign aid donors that they should be more cautious and restrained in providing assistance to sanctioned states. We test this signaling-based theory via a large-n analysis of the impact that sanctions imposed by the United States and th…
Targeting Quality or Quantity? The Divergent Effects of Targeting Upper Verses Lower-Tier Leaders of Militant Organizations
Research on the efficacy of leadership decapitation has focused primarily on targeting the topmost leaders of groups. Yet, most organizations rely on multiple leaders with specific functional or geographical responsibilities, rather than a single symbolic leader. In this context, we pose the following question: how are the effects of leadership decapitation on a group’s short-term operational capacity conditioned by the type or rank of targeted l…
Using the Carrot as the Stick
We theorize that foreign aid relationships influence both the effectiveness of economic sanctions threats and the aggressiveness of senders in imposing sanctions. Aid sanctions are generally far less costly for senders than imposing commercially oriented sanctions but can still be very costly for their targets. Being able to disrupt aid flows as part of potential sanctions enhances sender states’ credibility that they will impose painful sanction…
Needs or Symbols? The Logic of United Nations Counterterrorism Treaty Ratification
Why do states commit to UN counterterrorism treaties? This article posits that state accession to UN counterterrorism treaties is likely informed by the nature of the terrorist threats a state faces, and consequently, the pressures that such threats generate from domestic and international audiences on the state to address (or appear to address) them. As such, we hypothesize that states ratify UN CT treaties for either material, needs-based reaso…
Breaking the Glass Ceiling? Female Participation in Militant Organizations in Islamic State Affiliates in Southeast Asia
Prior research on female participation in militant organizations explores organizational and individual factors that influence women’s recruitment, and the roles women fulfill. However, most research focuses either on transnational organizations or local militant groups. Within this study, we explore how linkages with transnational groups shape female participation within their overseas affiliate organizations. We employ an original dataset of fe…
Persuasion and Predation
Powerful states frequently employ foreign aid to pursue international security objectives. Yet aid's effectiveness will be undermined if it exacerbates the effects of conflict on civilians within recipient states. This article investigates how international development aid and U.S. military aid influence recipient governments' incentives and ability to target civilians. U.S. military aid has a persuasion effect on state actors, which decreases a …
Winning or Losing Hearts and Minds? Evidence from Afghanistan on How Leadership Decapitation Affects Civilian Perceptions of Government Efficacy
Risk and Reward
Violent non-state actors often maintain diverse economic portfolios to fund their operations and endure. While some tactics yield limited funds, such as opportunistic robberies or kidnappings, other activities such as smuggling and drug trafficking can produce consistently high returns, but require complex planning, coordination and execution. This study delves into the nexus between the economic environments in which militant groups operate and …
The uninvited guest
Transnational jihadist organizations, such as the Islamic State, have sought to reinforce their reputations by establishing new global affiliates. Islamic State affiliates, in particular, have leveraged preexisting militant infrastructures in new locations to create strategic partnerships with some militant organizations, while delegitimizing and attacking others as rivals. In this context, we pose the following question: what factors explain whe…
Operational Convergence or Divergence? Exploring the Influence of Islamic State on Militant Groups in Pakistan
Transnational terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State often rely on local militant groups to set up new affiliates or branches around the world. While past research has generally explored the motivations of groups to align, as well as the effects of alliances on lethality and survival of groups at the core of an alliance hub, there is limited analysis of how links with a transnational jihadist group triggers changes in the …
Conflict Aggravation or Alleviation? A Cross-National Examination of U.S. Military Aid’s Effect on Conflict Dynamics with Insights from Pakistan
When women fight
Recent scholarship suggests that the prevalence of female fighters is determined by various demand and supply factors. On one hand, the voluntary supply of female fighters is dependent on women who are driven by various motivations, ranging from grievances to ideology. On the other hand, violent organizations frequently employ female fighters to gain important tactical and strategic advantages. Focusing on insurgent groups, we posit that two situ…
Playing dirty to survive
U.S. military aid provides recipient governments the fighting capability they require to undermine domestic militant groups, which can undermine groups’ leadership structures and trigger group splintering. In this environment, brutal attacks against non-combatants become an effective mechanism for targeted groups to signal their resolve and outbid competitors. A large-n analysis of U.S. military aid between 1989 -2011 links higher levels of milit…
Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid
A prevalent view among both scholars and policymakers is that economic sanctions stigmatize and isolate their targets. According to this perspective, the stigma associated with economic sanctions should signal to foreign aid donors that they should be more cautious and restrained in providing assistance to sanctioned states. We test this signaling-based theory via a large-n analysis of the impact that sanctions imposed by the United States and th…
Prisoners at Midnight
Recent literature suggests that undergraduate students in political science dread studying methods, especially quantitative methods. Nonetheless, we believe that teaching students the value of quantitative analysis is critical. Going beyond traditional teaching approaches, we use a simulation to conceptualize the logic and process of quantitative analysis. In our simulation, student participants are told they are in a prison with another prisoner…
Persuasion and Predation
Powerful states frequently employ foreign aid to pursue international security objectives. Yet aid's effectiveness will be undermined if it exacerbates the effects of conflict on civilians within recipient states. This article investigates how international development aid and U.S. military aid influence recipient governments' incentives and ability to target civilians. U.S. military aid has a persuasion effect on state actors, which decreases a …
When women fight
Recent scholarship suggests that the prevalence of female fighters is determined by various demand and supply factors. On one hand, the voluntary supply of female fighters is dependent on women who are driven by various motivations, ranging from grievances to ideology. On the other hand, violent organizations frequently employ female fighters to gain important tactical and strategic advantages. Focusing on insurgent groups, we posit that two situ…
Using the Carrot as the Stick
We theorize that foreign aid relationships influence both the effectiveness of economic sanctions threats and the aggressiveness of senders in imposing sanctions. Aid sanctions are generally far less costly for senders than imposing commercially oriented sanctions but can still be very costly for their targets. Being able to disrupt aid flows as part of potential sanctions enhances sender states’ credibility that they will impose painful sanction…
Strength from the Shadows? How Shadow Economies Affect Terrorist Activities
Despite scholarly interest in the existence and consequences of the crime-terror nexus, little research has been done to examine how the presence of an illegal economic area, known as a shadow economy, impacts terrorist activity in a country. We propose a theory which argues that terrorists are able to rely on the partnerships and resources available in the shadow economy to increase their organizational capacity. Using data on terrorist activity…
Dissertation List
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Playing dirty to survive
U.S. military aid provides recipient governments the fighting capability they require to undermine domestic militant groups, which can undermine groups’ leadership structures and trigger group splintering. In this environment, brutal attacks against non-combatants become an effective mechanism for targeted groups to signal their resolve and outbid competitors. A large-n analysis of U.S. military aid between 1989 -2011 links higher levels of milit…
Rivalry and recovery
Conflict Aggravation or Alleviation? A Cross-National Examination of U.S. Military Aid’s Effect on Conflict Dynamics with Insights from Pakistan
Operational Convergence or Divergence? Exploring the Influence of Islamic State on Militant Groups in Pakistan
Transnational terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State often rely on local militant groups to set up new affiliates or branches around the world. While past research has generally explored the motivations of groups to align, as well as the effects of alliances on lethality and survival of groups at the core of an alliance hub, there is limited analysis of how links with a transnational jihadist group triggers changes in the …
Fear, accessibility, and legitimacy
How does political violence affect public health risks? While past research provides useful insights, it remains unclear how the effect of violence on health risks varies by perpetrator identity, target, and the intensity of attacks. We argue that indiscriminate attacks by militants will discourage civilians from accessing healthcare services. In contrast, clashes between militants and governments are likely to induce state actors to augment heal…
Needs or Symbols? The Logic of United Nations Counterterrorism Treaty Ratification
Why do states commit to UN counterterrorism treaties? This article posits that state accession to UN counterterrorism treaties is likely informed by the nature of the terrorist threats a state faces, and consequently, the pressures that such threats generate from domestic and international audiences on the state to address (or appear to address) them. As such, we hypothesize that states ratify UN CT treaties for either material, needs-based reaso…
Breaking the Glass Ceiling? Female Participation in Militant Organizations in Islamic State Affiliates in Southeast Asia
Prior research on female participation in militant organizations explores organizational and individual factors that influence women’s recruitment, and the roles women fulfill. However, most research focuses either on transnational organizations or local militant groups. Within this study, we explore how linkages with transnational groups shape female participation within their overseas affiliate organizations. We employ an original dataset of fe…
The uninvited guest
Transnational jihadist organizations, such as the Islamic State, have sought to reinforce their reputations by establishing new global affiliates. Islamic State affiliates, in particular, have leveraged preexisting militant infrastructures in new locations to create strategic partnerships with some militant organizations, while delegitimizing and attacking others as rivals. In this context, we pose the following question: what factors explain whe…
Colonial Institutions and Civil War
The rise in intrastate conflict since the end of WWII has drawn much attention to the various incentives and opportunities that underpin violent rebellion, often resulting in protracted insurgencies. In his book Colonial Institutions and Civil War, Shivaji Mukherjee explores the breakout of insurgent movements in the era of decolonization since the 1950s. In particular, Mukherjee examines the role played by historical colonial institutions in sha…
Targeting Quality or Quantity? The Divergent Effects of Targeting Upper Verses Lower-Tier Leaders of Militant Organizations
Research on the efficacy of leadership decapitation has focused primarily on targeting the topmost leaders of groups. Yet, most organizations rely on multiple leaders with specific functional or geographical responsibilities, rather than a single symbolic leader. In this context, we pose the following question: how are the effects of leadership decapitation on a group’s short-term operational capacity conditioned by the type or rank of targeted l…
Carrot or stick, or both? Examining U.S. presidents' use of counterterrorism tools in Pakistan, 2001–2020
Within the context of eliciting partner country cooperation and interests alignment, U.S. presidents and their administrations have a wide array of policy tools at their disposal to mitigate terrorist threats emanating from other countries. Yet, the factors that account for variation in American presidents' and their administrations' specific counterterrorism policy choices to influence target states' behavior remain underexplored. To understand …
Embargoes, Weapons, and Violence
A primary goal of arms embargoes is to mitigate the humanitarian effects of conflict within target states by restricting access to foreign weaponry. Within this study, we investigate how embargoed governments adapt their violent strategies in response to restrictions on arms imports. We theorize that arms embargoes that undermine governments’ military strength may inadvertently increase their reliance on civilian repression as an alternative appr…
Winning or Losing Hearts and Minds? Evidence from Afghanistan on How Leadership Decapitation Affects Civilian Perceptions of Government Efficacy
Risk and Reward
Violent non-state actors often maintain diverse economic portfolios to fund their operations and endure. While some tactics yield limited funds, such as opportunistic robberies or kidnappings, other activities such as smuggling and drug trafficking can produce consistently high returns, but require complex planning, coordination and execution. This study delves into the nexus between the economic environments in which militant groups operate and …
Lethal effects
The Digital Spin
Objective This study examines how agenda setting operates in today's hybrid media ecosystem by investigating how mainstream political events during the 2024 US election year were discussed on alternative social media platforms. Methods The study analyzes over 2000 mainstream news articles about high‐profile political events from January to March 2024, and related discourse across Facebook, Gab, Truth Social, and Telegram using Structural Topic Mo…
From Outrage to Empowerment Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan's Evolving Gender-Messaging
How do militant organizations adapt their gender-oriented propaganda in response to changing strategic conditions? Despite their male-dominated ideology and recruitment patterns, some Islamist militant groups have shown flexibility in their messaging toward women over time. Understanding adaptations in groups’ women-oriented messaging is important as it reveals how organizations attempt to maintain legitimacy between different phases of conflict,…
An Overview of Media Coverage Shifts Before and After the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election
The 2024 U.S. presidential election was historically unprecedented, featuring the first Black woman on a major party ticket, a late-stage Democratic nominee replacement, and the return of former President Donald Trump. This study provides a longitudinal analysis of how mainstream news coverage shifted in topic salience and tone before and after the election. Using socially mediated news articles from five high-circulation U.S. newspapers (January…
Political science (19 works) · Politics (16 works) · Law (15 works) · Law (14 works) · Economics (11 works) · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence (10 works) · Political economy (9 works) · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East (9 works) · Psychology (9 works) · State (computer science (9 works)