W H James
Biographic Data
| ID | 3879890 |
|---|---|
| NAME | W H James |
| GIVEN NAMES | W H |
| FAMILY NAME | James |
| SIGNATURE | JAMES W H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| ORCID | 0009-0004-6721-713X |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 8 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1963 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Children’s Hospitals in Africa Mapping Project (CHAMP) survey
The Children’s Hospitals in Africa Mapping Project (CHAMP) survey was developed and implemented to assess the capabilities of some of the best resourced sub-Saharan African hospitals serving children. The aim was to evaluate hospital facilities, infrastructure, equipment, supplies, services, staffing, and readiness to care for children amid public health emergencies. This report analysed a subset of survey questions that characterised the hospita…
Sex ratio of offspring of male mountaineers
Saadat and Khalili1 cited evidence that men’s testosterone concentrations reportedly decline (temporarily) when they pay short visits to extreme altitudes.2 Moreover, these authors cited my hypothesis3 that the sex ratio (proportion male) of the offspring is partially dependent on parental hormones around the time of conception, low levels of testosterone (in either parent) being associated with the subsequent births of daughters. So these
Sex ratio, coital rate, hormones and time of fertilization within the cycle
In this paper I shall consider the relationships between coital rates, timing of fertilization within the cycle, and sex ratios of the resulting offspring. It will be suggested that there is: (1) Analytic (mathematical) evidence for a correlation between coital rate and time of fertilization. (2) Empirical evidence for a correlation between time of fertilization and sex ratio of offspring. Whence there arises: (3) A correlation between coital rat…
Ionizing radiation and offspring sex ratio
Primary sensory regions are believed to instantiate stable neural representations, yet a number of recent rodent studies suggest instead that representations drift over time. We analyzed a massive fMRI dataset using an image-computable encoding model and found systematic changes in model fits that exhibited cumulative drift over many months. Convergent analyses pinpoint changes in neural responsivity as the source of the drift, while population-l…
The decline in sex ratios at birth, England and Wales, 1973-90
Prostatic cancer, coital rates, vasectomy and testosterone
It is usually supposed that androgens play a major role in the aetiology of prostatic cancer. This note suggests that the association of the disease with low (as well as high) coital rates and its apparent association with vasectomy can both be reconciled with the hypothesised androgenic involvement.
Cycle day of insemination, sex ratio of offspring and duration of gestation
It has been reported that the regression of human sex ratio (number of males per 100 females at birth) on cycle day of insemination is U-shaped. The point is not yet established, so a search was made for possible effects of this phenomenon on the regression of sex ratio on duration of gestation (from last menstrual period to delivery). A previously unremarked feature of this latter regression is that it, too, is U-shaped. It is accordingly sugges…
Handedness, traffic crashes, and defensive reflexes
Handedness, traffic crashes, and defensive reflexes: an indirect test. W H JamesCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.5.771 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Coital Frequency and Twinning
The author comments on Bonnelykke et al's 1990 article on the coital rates of 390 mother of dizygotic twins (DZ), and finds that the data do not support the hypothesis that coital rates of mothers of DZ are higher than those of controls. The coital rates were 9.0 and 9.3/month respectively. Questions are raised as to the strength of the evidence, the sagacity of abandoning the hypothesis, or the probability of this sample size detecting differenc…
Handedness, accidents, and mental state
Handedness, accidents, and mental state. W H JamesCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.12.1691-a Published Online: November 15, 2011
A further note on the sex ratio of monoamniotic twins
Data are offered on the sex ratio of 81 'new' pairs of monoamniotic (MA) twins. When pooled with data on previously collected MA pairs, the total sample has a sex ratio that is highly significantly lower than that estimated for all monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. This adds support to the notion that the later an MZ pair is formed, the more likely it is to be female. This in turn supports the hypothesis that anomalous X-inactivation is involved in th…
The sex ratios of offspring of sexually promiscuous people: with reference to hepatitis B and prostatic cancer
On Female Primate Sexual Behaviour
Multiple sclerosis on islands
Assortative mating for height in Pakistani arranged marriages
Ahmad, Gilbert & Naqui (1985) note that there is a substantial and significant positive correlation between the heights of spouses in Pakistani arranged marriages. This was so even in those cases where the spouses had not seen one another before the ceremony. They offer three possible explanations. I should like to suggest another.
Dizygotic twinning, birth weight and latitude
In Europe and the USA, both mean birth weight and age-standardized dizygotic twinning rates correlate positively and significantly with latitude. It seems possible that these two sorts of correlation have explanations in common via pituitary action. Factors which may be responsible for such action are total consumption of food and consumption of specific items of diet, for example, milk products and potatoes. Lastly, one might wonder whether the …
Sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis
Data have been reviewed on sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate in multiple sclerosis. Even when rigorous criteria are applied, the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis is apparently higher (perhaps 10 times higher) than could be explained by the sib risk. In contrast, twins with Parkinson's disease have low concordance rates even when ascertainment is by informal methods. It is concluded that such methods of ascerta…
Artificial insemination by donor: a review of 12 years' experience
Foss (1982) writes:... ‘Guerrero (1974) in a large series showed no relationship of the child's sex to the cycle day of insemination...’. It seems to me that this is ambiguous. If the first day of menstrual bleeding is taken as the time origin, then Foss is correct. But if the biologically more relevant estimated day of ovulation is taken as the time origin, he is not. Using the latter time origin, Guerrero found that for natural inseminations th…
The sex ratios of Black births
It is hypothesized that maternal gonadotrophin levels at the time of conception somehow partially control the sex of the zygote, high levels being associated with female offspring. Black populations in general have high dizygotic twinning rates: and dizygotic twinning rates are also thought to be partially controlled by maternal gonadotrophin levels. So if the hypothesis were true, then Black populations should have low sex ratios. In general the…
Seasonality in the sex ratio of US Black births
It is shown that the seasonality of sex ratio in US Black births in synchronous with that of US White births. This seasonality is comparable with that of dizygotic twin births and of the births of boys with undescended testes. These comparisons are consistent with the hypothesis that the sex of an infant is partially controlled by the maternal gonadotrophin levels at the time of its conception
Multiple sclerosis and birth order
Studies on the birth order of patients with multiple sclerosis have yielded contradictory conclusions. Most of the sets of data, however, have been tested by biased tests. Data that have been submitted to unbiased tests seem to suggest that cases are more likely to occur in early birth ranks. This should be tested on further samples and some comments are offered on how this should be done
Has Fecundability been Declining in Recent Years in Developed Countries?
Correlation Between Father's Age and Husband's Age: A Case of Imprinting
The author comments on a study by G. Zei, P. Astolfi, and S. D. Jayakar concerning the correlation between the age of a woman's husband at marriage and the age of her father at the time of her birth. The study was based on data for Italy. A reply by Zei, Astolfi, and Jayakar is also included (pp. 116-7).
The hazards of exercise
The hazards of exercise. W H JamesCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.73.11.1332 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Variation Between Couples of Human Coital Rates
Distributions of reported coital rates are positively skewed. The means of such distributions seem to be roughly proportional, not to their variances, but to their standard deviations. The coefficient of variation of distributions of reported coital rates—at least for relatively homogeneous samples—is of the order of 2/3. It is estimated that the coefficient of variation of the distribution of true (as opposed to reported) values would be about 1…
Multiple sclerosis and birth order
Studies on the birth order of patients with multiple sclerosis have yielded contradictory conclusions. Most of the sets of data, however, have been tested by biased tests. Data that have been submitted to unbiased tests seem to suggest that cases are more likely to occur in early birth ranks. This should be tested on further samples and some comments are offered on how this should be done
The decline in sex ratios at birth, England and Wales, 1973-90
Estimates of fecundability
Estimates of fecundability, the probability of becoming pregnant during a single menstrual cycle, have recently been put forward, based on estimates derived from conception delays. Two new methods of estimation are put forward in this paper, and it is suggested that previous authors were led to overestimate the length of the fertile period during any menstrual cycle
Sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis
Data have been reviewed on sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate in multiple sclerosis. Even when rigorous criteria are applied, the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis is apparently higher (perhaps 10 times higher) than could be explained by the sib risk. In contrast, twins with Parkinson's disease have low concordance rates even when ascertainment is by informal methods. It is concluded that such methods of ascerta…
Estimates of fecundability
Estimates of fecundability, the probability of becoming pregnant during a single menstrual cycle, have recently been put forward, based on estimates derived from conception delays. Two new methods of estimation are put forward in this paper, and it is suggested that previous authors were led to overestimate the length of the fertile period during any menstrual cycle
Fecundability estimates
M. Henry's comments may be divided into three parts: (1) He suggests modifications to my estimates to make them directly comparable with previous estimates. He concludes that there remains a disparity, and to account for this he (2) offers theoretical criticism of the methods I used and (3) objects to the values I assigned to the mean duration of post-partum sterility
A note of correction with reference to parameters of the menstrual cycle and the efficiency of rhythm methods of contraception
Social Class and Season of Birth
In all societies for which data exist, there is seasonality in the incidence of births, a major cause of which in the UK appears to be season ality in sexual activity. In contrast to the findings of Cowgill for earlier periods in other places, there has recently been in Great Britain a greater degree of seasonality in legitimate than in illegitimate births and in upper-class than in lower-class births. Part of the explanation of the change in ill…
Experience with Abortion; A Case Study of North East Scotland
Epidemiological background Jean Aitken-Swan 2. Gynaecological aspects Ian MacGillivray and K. John Dennis 3. The woman's story: married women Jean Aitken-Swan 4. The woman's story: single women Jean Aitken-Swan 5. Social and psychological characteristics at referral Peter C. Olley 6. Long-term psychiatric follow-up Colin McCance, Peter C. Olley and Vivien Edward 7. Overall clinical psychiatric assessment Colin McCance, Peter C. Olley and Vivien E…
Coital rate, cycle day of insemination and sex ratio
Guerrero (1975) has cited a wealth of direct data supporting the hypothesis that timing of insemination is related to the sex of the resulting zygote. It is argued here that if this hypothesis were correct, then parental coital rate would be associated with the sex of the resulting children. It is suggested here that empirical data support this inference and hence support the hypothesis. It is estimated that if P male (the probability that a zygo…
Comment on ‘Facts and Artifacts in the Study of Intra-Uterine Mortality
Extract I have suggested that at a given birth order the probability of having a further pregnancy is greater when the last pregnancy had been spontaneously aborted than when it resulted in a birth.(2) Léridon,(3)in the course of a valuable paper on foetal wastage, presents data which, according to him, impugn my suggestion. I would like to question his claim.
Differential Fertility by the Result of the Previous Pregnancy
1 have suggested that at a given birth order the probability of having a further pregnancy is greater when the last pregnancy had been spontaneously aborted than when it resulted in a birth.2 Leridon,3 in the course of a valuable paper on foetal wastage, presents data which, according to him, impugn my suggestion. I would like to question his claim. His data relate to women who were selected from attenders at an ante-natal clinic. Their obstetric…
Maternal age, dizygotic twinning rates and age at menopause
The dizygotic (DZ) twinning rate declines after about maternal age 38 in Caucasian populations. Bulmer (1970) offered the explanation that waning ovarian function causes a decline in rates of double ovulation in originally twin-prone women. The present note suggests that some small part of the decline is caused by the earlier cessation of ovulation altogether in these women (presumably also as a result of waning ovarian function)
Implication of a time-dependent model of sexual intercourse within the menstrual cycle—a comment
Seasonality in twin and triplet births
A study has been made of the twin births in England and Wales 1952-59 and 1963-75. There is good evidence that the incidence of opposite-sexed (and by inference, dizygotic) twin births is seasonal, being about 5% higher in December than June. Triplet births seen to show a seasonal variation at about the same location and with double the amplitude. It seems likely that this seasonal variation of polyzygotic maternities is due to seasonal variation…
Sex ratio and placentation in twins
There is evidence, both direct and indirect, that there is a continuum in sex ratis across the various sorts of twin zygote. The evidence for low sex ratios is strong in respect of the rarer sorts of twins (monoamniotic and conjoined), but the contrast between dichorionic monozygotic and monochorionic monozygotic pairs is suggestive too
Secular changes in twinning rates in England and Wales
The monozygotic twinning rate in England and Wales seems to have increased over the years of 1957-1977. This constitutes evidence against the suggestion that the secular decline in dizygotic twinning rates over the same period has been due to an increase in spontaneous abortion rates
A Note on Jury Service
Journal Article A NOTE ON JURY SERVICE Get access W. H. James W. H. James Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 20, Issue 2, April 1980, Page 173, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047158 Published: 01 April 1980
Variation Between Couples of Human Coital Rates
Distributions of reported coital rates are positively skewed. The means of such distributions seem to be roughly proportional, not to their variances, but to their standard deviations. The coefficient of variation of distributions of reported coital rates—at least for relatively homogeneous samples—is of the order of 2/3. It is estimated that the coefficient of variation of the distribution of true (as opposed to reported) values would be about 1…
Dizygotic twinning, marital stage and status and coital rates
An attempt is made to isolate and quantify a positive correlation of parental coital rate with dizygotic twinning probability, by considering the variations of DZ twinning with marital stage and status. It is concluded that if the coital rate of young women is doubled, their DZ twinning probability is increased by a factor of very roughly 25-30
Has Fecundability been Declining in Recent Years in Developed Countries?
Correlation Between Father's Age and Husband's Age: A Case of Imprinting
The author comments on a study by G. Zei, P. Astolfi, and S. D. Jayakar concerning the correlation between the age of a woman's husband at marriage and the age of her father at the time of her birth. The study was based on data for Italy. A reply by Zei, Astolfi, and Jayakar is also included (pp. 116-7).
The hazards of exercise
The hazards of exercise. W H JamesCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.73.11.1332 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Artificial insemination by donor: a review of 12 years' experience
Foss (1982) writes:... ‘Guerrero (1974) in a large series showed no relationship of the child's sex to the cycle day of insemination...’. It seems to me that this is ambiguous. If the first day of menstrual bleeding is taken as the time origin, then Foss is correct. But if the biologically more relevant estimated day of ovulation is taken as the time origin, he is not. Using the latter time origin, Guerrero found that for natural inseminations th…
The sex ratios of Black births
It is hypothesized that maternal gonadotrophin levels at the time of conception somehow partially control the sex of the zygote, high levels being associated with female offspring. Black populations in general have high dizygotic twinning rates: and dizygotic twinning rates are also thought to be partially controlled by maternal gonadotrophin levels. So if the hypothesis were true, then Black populations should have low sex ratios. In general the…
Seasonality in the sex ratio of US Black births
It is shown that the seasonality of sex ratio in US Black births in synchronous with that of US White births. This seasonality is comparable with that of dizygotic twin births and of the births of boys with undescended testes. These comparisons are consistent with the hypothesis that the sex of an infant is partially controlled by the maternal gonadotrophin levels at the time of its conception
Multiple sclerosis and birth order
Studies on the birth order of patients with multiple sclerosis have yielded contradictory conclusions. Most of the sets of data, however, have been tested by biased tests. Data that have been submitted to unbiased tests seem to suggest that cases are more likely to occur in early birth ranks. This should be tested on further samples and some comments are offered on how this should be done
Dizygotic twinning, birth weight and latitude
In Europe and the USA, both mean birth weight and age-standardized dizygotic twinning rates correlate positively and significantly with latitude. It seems possible that these two sorts of correlation have explanations in common via pituitary action. Factors which may be responsible for such action are total consumption of food and consumption of specific items of diet, for example, milk products and potatoes. Lastly, one might wonder whether the …
Sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis
Data have been reviewed on sib risk and the dizygotic twin concordance rate in multiple sclerosis. Even when rigorous criteria are applied, the dizygotic twin concordance rate for multiple sclerosis is apparently higher (perhaps 10 times higher) than could be explained by the sib risk. In contrast, twins with Parkinson's disease have low concordance rates even when ascertainment is by informal methods. It is concluded that such methods of ascerta…
Demography (23 works) · Medicine (23 works) · Biology (19 works) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (16 works) · Population (16 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Pregnancy (12 works) · Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy (10 works) · Demography (8 works) · Gynecology (8 works)