Wendy Wood
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3884539 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Wendy Wood |
| PRENOMES | Wendy |
| SOBRENOME | Wood |
| ASSINATURA | WOOD W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Southern California |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6117-558X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 83 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1400 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 83 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Papers Involved in the December 2022 APS Vote of No Confidence in the Editor-in-Chief of Perspectives on Psychological Science
Integrating Horses in Psychotherapy for Transition-Aged Students
Background: There is a lack of research on psychotherapy interventions for transition-aged students ages 18 to 21 that integrate horses or other equines in the provision of services. A critical early task in researching such complex interventions involves elucidating an intervention's critical elements and theoretical assumptions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-driven logic model of a psychotherapy program for transiti…
The Unintentional Nonconformist
This research tests a novel source of resistance to social influence—the automatic repetition of habit. In three experiments, participants with strong habits failed to align their behavior with others. Specifically, participants with strong habits to drink water in a dining hall or snack while working did not mimic others’ drinking or eating, whereas those with weak habits conformed. Similarly, participants with strong habits did not shift expect…
Care Workers and Managers’ Experiences of Implementing Infection Control Guidance in an Epidemic Context
The national response to COVID-19 has had a severe impact on adult social care settings, with high mortality amongst people receiving and providing care in England. Care workers had to rapidly adapt to new infection control measures to protect themselves, their colleagues, and the people receiving care. Infection control in residential and domiciliary care is always complex, but COVID-19 infection control measures impacted exceptionally on care w…
Habits and Goals in Human Behavior
People automatically repeat behaviors that were frequently rewarded in the past in a given context. Such repetition is commonly attributed to habit, or associations in memory between a context and a response. Once habits form, contexts directly activate the response in mind. An opposing view is that habitual behaviors depend on goals. However, we show that this view is challenged by the goal independence of habits across the fields of social and …
Group value learned through interactions with members
Envisioning the environment, time, and occupation
The concepts of environment, time, and occupation are of paramount concern in occupational science. Three real-life stories are employed in this lecture to help envision these concepts and their interconnections and linkages to other vital concerns in occupational science. The stories concern a young chimpanzee who lives with her own and another family in a zoo, an old man who tries to make the best of each day in a locked dementia unit, and a pr…
Gender Identity
Accuracy and bias in newlywed spouses' perceptions of each other's personalities
This study investigated moderators of newlywed spouses' accuracy in judging each other's personality. Spouses in 154 predominantly Hispanic newlywed couples rated their own and their partners' personality traits. Full‐sample results showed significant associations between perceivers' and targets' personality ratings (“truth force”/“tracking accuracy”). Positive directional bias (perceivers' mean trait ratings of targets exceeding targets' self‐ra…
Janet Taylor Spence
When attitudes and habits don’t correspond
Psychology of Habit
As the proverbial creatures of habit, people tend to repeat the same behaviors in recurring contexts. This review characterizes habits in terms of their cognitive, motivational, and neurobiological properties. In so doing, we identify three ways that habits interface with deliberate goal pursuit: First, habits form as people pursue goals by repeating the same responses in a given context. Second, as outlined in computational models, habits and de…
Social Role Theory of Sex Differences
Social role theory is a social psychological theory that pertains to sex differences and similarities in social behavior. Its key principle is that differences and similarities arise primarily from the distribution of men and women into social roles within their society. Through socialization and the formation of gender roles, the behaviors of men and women generally support and sustain the division of labor. In industrialized economies, for exam…
Healthy eating habits protect against temptations
Authors’ Reply
Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity
Elusiveness of menstrual cycle effects on mate preferences
This comment uses meta-analytic techniques to reconcile the apparent conflict between Gildersleeve, Haselton, and Fales's (2014) conclusion of "robust" effects of menstrual cycles on women's preferences for men of purported genetic quality and Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie's (2014) assessment that the few, limited effects in this literature appear to be research artifacts. Despite these divergent conclusions, the literature in both reviews show…
The Nature–Nurture Debates
Nature-nurture debates continue to be highly contentious in the psychology of gender despite the common recognition that both types of causal explanations are important. In this article, we provide a historical analysis of the vicissitudes of nature and nurture explanations of sex differences and similarities during the quarter century since the founding of the Association for Psychological Science. We consider how the increasing use of meta-anal…
Feminism and Evolutionary Psychology
Philosophical Theology in the Religious Studies Academy
I am sympathetic to the impetus behind both Analytic Theology, the volume ( Crisp and Rea 2009), and analytic theology, the wider movement.1 I agree that it would be a good thing if more theologians and scholars of religion were familiar with analytic philosophical theology and more at home with the analytic style of inquiry. There are, of course, some theologians and scholars of religion who would vehemently disagree. But I suspect that there ar…
How do people adhere to goals when willpower is low? The profits (and pitfalls) of strong habits
Across 5 studies, we tested whether habits can improve (as well as derail) goal pursuit when people have limited willpower. Habits are repeated responses automatically triggered by cues in the performance context. Because the impetus for responding is outsourced to contextual cues, habit performance does not depend on the finite self-control resources required for more deliberative actions. When these resources are limited, people are unable to d…
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior
Social Role Theory
Feminism and the Evolution of Sex Differences and Similarities
Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience
According to gender role theory, women's greater emotional intensity than men's stems from normative expectations for sex differences that arise as a result of men's and women's social roles. In the 1st experiment, endorsement of normative expectations for sex differences was associated with sex differences in Ss' own emotions: To the extent that they endorsed stereotypical differences between men and women, female Ss reported personally experien…
The origins of sex differences in human behavior
Habit and intention in everyday life
Past behavior guides future responses through 2 processes. Well-practiced behaviors in constant contexts recur because the processing that initiates and controls their performance b comes automatic. Frequency of past behavior then reflects habit strength and has a direct effect on future performance. Alternately, when behaviors are not well learned or when they are performed in unstable or difficult contexts, conscious decision making is likely t…
A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men
This article evaluates theories of the origins of sex differences in human behavior. It reviews the cross-cultural evidence on the behavior of women and men in nonindustrial societies, especially the activities that contribute to the sex-typed division of labor and patriarchy. To explain the cross-cultural findings, the authors consider social constructionism, evolutionary psychology, and their own biosocial theory. Supporting the biosocial analy…
Turnout as a Habit
Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity
Habits in everyday life
To illustrate the differing thoughts and emotions involved in guiding habitual and nonhabitual behavior, 2 diary studies were conducted in which participants provided hourly reports of their ongoing experiences. When participants were engaged in habitual behavior, defined as behavior that had been performed almost daily in stable contexts, they were likely to think about issues unrelated to their behavior, presumably because they did not have to …
Changing circumstances, disrupting habits
The present research investigated the mechanisms guiding habitual behavior, specifically, the stimulus cues that trigger habit performance. When usual contexts for performance change, habits cannot be cued by recurring stimuli, and performance should be disrupted. Thus, the exercising, newspaper reading, and TV watching habits of students transferring to a new university were found to survive the transfer only when aspects of the performance cont…
Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of persuasion
Causal inferences about communicators and their effect on opinion change
Conformity to sex-typed norms, affect, and the self-concept
The self-concept plays an important role in conformity to sex-typed social norms. Normative beliefs that men are powerful, dominant, and self-assertive and that women are caring, intimate with others, and emotionally expressive represent possible standards for whom people ought to be and whom they ideally would like to be. In the present research, to the extent that sex role norms were personally relevant for participants, norm-congruent experien…
Sex differences in interaction style as a product of perceived sex differences in competence
Males' and females' interaction styles were observed while they worked in four-person, mixed-sex groups on a discussion task. In some groups, members were only given information about each others' names and gender. In this circumstance, men were perceived by themselves and other group members to be higher in competence than women. Further, men engaged in a greater amount of active task behavior than women (e.g., giving information, giving opinion…
Sex differences in positive well-being
This article reviews all published studies reporting tests for sex differences inwell-being. Women were found to report greater happiness and life satisfaction than men. This sex difference was explained in terms of men's and women's ocial roles: The female (vs. male) gender role specifies greater emo-tional responsiveness. Furthermore, past role-related xperiences provide women with appropriate skills and attitudes. Women's (vs. men's) greater w…
Retrieval of attitude-relevant information from memory
A distinction was drawn between (a) classic views of attitudes as stable dispositions based on beliefs and prior experiences accessed from memory and (b) the self-perception analysis of attitudes as relatively transitory responses dependent on current contextual cues. Access to relevant information in memory was assessed by the number of issue-related beliefs and prior experiences subjects could retrieve. To the extent that subjects could not ret…
How do habits guide behavior? Perceived and actual triggers of habits in daily life
Self-regulation of Gendered Behavior in Everyday Life
Cognitive Dissonance in Groups
As L. Festinger (1957) argued, the social group is a source of cognitive dissonance as well as a vehicle for reducing it. That is, disagreement from others in a group generates dissonance, and subsequent movement toward group consensus reduces this negative tension. The authors conducted 3 studies to demonstrate group-induced dissonance. In the first, students in a group with others who ostensibly disagreed with them experienced greater dissonanc…
Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience
Effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unconstrained social interaction
This article provides a meta-analytic review of the experimental effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unstructured social interaction. In the reviewed experiments, children or adolescents were exposed to violent or control presentations and their postexposure behavior was coded for aggression during spontaneous social interaction. Exposure to media violence significantly enhanced viewers' aggressive behavior when the findings were …
Inferred sex differences in status as a determinant of gender stereotypes about social influence
Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of attitude-behavior consistency
Feminism and the Evolution of Sex Differences and Similarities
The self-esteem motive in social influence
Forewarned and forearmed? Two meta-analysis syntheses of forewarnings of influence appeals
Two research syntheses evaluate the effects on attitudes of forewarning of an influence appeal. In general, warnings appeared to threaten people's attitudes or their self-images, and warning impact depended on which aspect of the self was threatened. When the topic of the appeal was involving and concerned immediate outcomes or when the appeal was actually delivered, recipients appeared to focus on the potential threat to their attitudes, and the…
Stages in the analysis of persuasive messages
An attribution analysis viewed opinion change as the outcome of a series of stages in message recipients' information processing. This processing was initiated by information about the communicator's background that led recipients to form an expectancy concerning what position the communicator would take in the message. The degree to which this premessage expectancy was confirmed or disconfirmed by the position the communicator took in the messag…
Gender Stereotypes and the Evaluation of Men and Women in Military Training
The present study investigated perceptions of men and women in the Texas A&M Corps of Cadets. For both stereotypes and evaluations of individual cadets enrolled in the training program, men more than women were believed to possess the motivation and leadership qualities necessary for effective military performance, whereas women were believed to possess more feminine attributes that impair effective military performance. Because men and women did…
A Reconstruction of the Triads of King Mycerinus
A Reconstruction of the Reliefs of Hesy-re
Saqqarah. Tombe de Hesy-Re, IIIdynastie. Decouverte par Mariette. Onze reliefs en bois (couloir interieur) dont cinq, bien preserves, sont au musee du Caire. Essai de reconstruction de l'ensemble des reliefs. Le programme iconographique et hieroglyphique de Hesy-Re est une demonstration de la qualite et du raffinement de l'art, a la cour royale du debut de la IIIdynastie
Causal inferences about communicators and their effect on opinion change
Stages in the analysis of persuasive messages
An attribution analysis viewed opinion change as the outcome of a series of stages in message recipients' information processing. This processing was initiated by information about the communicator's background that led recipients to form an expectancy concerning what position the communicator would take in the message. The degree to which this premessage expectancy was confirmed or disconfirmed by the position the communicator took in the messag…
Sex differences in conformity
Retrieval of attitude-relevant information from memory
A distinction was drawn between (a) classic views of attitudes as stable dispositions based on beliefs and prior experiences accessed from memory and (b) the self-perception analysis of attitudes as relatively transitory responses dependent on current contextual cues. Access to relevant information in memory was assessed by the number of issue-related beliefs and prior experiences subjects could retrieve. To the extent that subjects could not ret…
Inferred sex differences in status as a determinant of gender stereotypes about social influence
Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of persuasion
Sex differences in group task performance
Surveying psychology's public image
Surveying psychology's public image
Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of attitude-behavior consistency
Sex differences in interaction style as a product of perceived sex differences in competence
Males' and females' interaction styles were observed while they worked in four-person, mixed-sex groups on a discussion task. In some groups, members were only given information about each others' names and gender. In this circumstance, men were perceived by themselves and other group members to be higher in competence than women. Further, men engaged in a greater amount of active task behavior than women (e.g., giving information, giving opinion…
The Archaic Stone Tombs at Helwan
From 1942 to 1954, Zaki Saad excavated an ancient Egyptian cemetery at Helwan. He claimed to have found a series of stone tombs spanning the Archaic period that enable us to study the development of stone construction. A re-examination of the material yields more accurate dating, largely by typological comparisons of the substructure plans with those of more important tombs at Abydos and Saqqâra. The rarity of the stone tombs at Helwan, not their…
The Archaic Stone Tombs at Helwan
Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance
Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance
Sex differences in positive well-being
This article reviews all published studies reporting tests for sex differences inwell-being. Women were found to report greater happiness and life satisfaction than men. This sex difference was explained in terms of men's and women's ocial roles: The female (vs. male) gender role specifies greater emo-tional responsiveness. Furthermore, past role-related xperiences provide women with appropriate skills and attitudes. Women's (vs. men's) greater w…
Explaining Sex Differences in Social Behavior
Recent meta-analytic reviews have documented that the sexes typically differ in a variety of social behaviors, including aggression, helping, nonverbal behavior, and various aspects of inter-action in task-oriented groups. In general, these findings are consistent with a social-role theory of sex differences, which emphasizes the causal impact of gender roles-that is, of people's beliefs about the behavior that is appropriate for each sex. To mov…
Effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unconstrained social interaction
This article provides a meta-analytic review of the experimental effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unstructured social interaction. In the reviewed experiments, children or adolescents were exposed to violent or control presentations and their postexposure behavior was coded for aggression during spontaneous social interaction. Exposure to media violence significantly enhanced viewers' aggressive behavior when the findings were …
Self-esteem and intelligence affect influenceability
Although there is general agreement that people differ in how easily they can be influenced, little evidence is available concerning the source of these individual differences. A meta-analytic review was conducted to determine whether message recipients' self-esteem or intelligence predicts influenceability. Recipients of moderate self-esteem proved to be more influenceable than those of low or high esteem. According to the Yale-McGuire model, th…
Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience
Minority influence
A meta-analytic review of 97 minority influence experiments evaluated the processes by which sources advocating deviant, minority opinions exert influence. Minority impact was most marked on measures of influence that were private from the source and indirectly related to the content of the appeal and less evident on direct private influence measures and on public measures. This attenuated impact of minorities on direct private and public measure…
Minority influence
Behavioral Styles and the Influence of Women in Mixed-Sex Groups
Social stereotypes of women as less instrumentally competent than men may lead to the expectation that women are unlikely to excel in task-performing groups. Because other group members do not perceive them as especially competent, their ideas are not judged credible and little attention is paid to their contributions. Two experiments examined ways in which women can surmount these barriers to influence in male-dominated task-performing groups: a…
Psychology (75 obras) · Social Psychology (67 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (44 obras) · Developmental psychology (39 obras) · Social Psychology (30 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (25 obras) · Cognitive psychology (23 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (15 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (14 obras)