Sandra A Brown
Biographic Data
| ID | 3884765 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sandra A Brown |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sandra A |
| FAMILY NAME | Brown |
| SIGNATURE | BROWN S A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California San Diego |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8780-0323 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Do traumatic events and substance use co‐occur during adolescence? Testing three causal etiologic hypotheses
BACKGROUND: Why do potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and substance use (SU) so commonly co-occur during adolescence? Causal hypotheses developed from the study of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) among adults have not yet been subject to rigorous theoretical analysis or empirical tests among adolescents with the precursors to these disorders: PTEs and SU. Establishing causality demands accounting for various…
Patterns of depression symptoms in relation to stressors and social behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic among older youth and emerging adults in the United States
Substantial increases in depression at the outset of the pandemic were previously reported in NCANDA, a longitudinal sample of adolescents and young adults. The current NCANDA study examined depression symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It evaluated the influence of stressors and social behavior (e.g., in-person and online socializing) with linear mixed effects models. A strong, positive association between COVID-19-related stresso…
Resilience to Covid-19: Socioeconomic Disadvantage Associated With Positive Caregiver–Youth Communication and Youth Preventative Actions
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with larger COVID-19 disease burdens and pandemic-related economic impacts. We utilized the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to understand how family- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage relate to disease burden, family communication, and preventative responses to the pandemic in over 6,000 youth-caregiver dyads. Data were collected at three timepoints (May–August 202…
A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents
We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood
Earlier Bedtime and Effective Coping Skills Predict a Return to Low-Risk of Depression in Young Adults during the Covid-19 Pandemic
To determine the persistent effects of the pandemic on mental health in young adults, we categorized depressive symptom trajectories and sought factors that promoted a reduction in depressive symptoms in high-risk individuals. Specifically, longitudinal analysis investigated changes in the risk for depression before and during the pandemic until December 2021 in 399 young adults (57% female; age range: 22.8 ± 2.6 years) in the United States (U.S.…
Family Well‐Being During the Covid ‐19 Pandemic: The Risks of Financial Insecurity and Coping
During the COVID-19 pandemic, families have experienced unprecedented financial and social disruptions. We studied the impact of preexisting psychosocial factors and pandemic-related financial and social disruptions in relation to family well-being among N = 4091 adolescents and parents during early summer 2020, participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development SM Study. Poorer family well-being was linked to prepandemic psychosocial an…
Facilitating Change in Drinking Cognitions and Behaviors Among Three Immigrant Generations of Latinx Youth Through a School-Based Intervention: Findings From a Multi-Site Clinical Trial
Latinx youth experience disparities in the availability of and participation in evidence-based interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to examine whether Project Options, a brief, evidence-based alcohol use intervention was beneficial for Latinx participants. A total of 331 first-, second-, and third-generation immigrant Latina and Latino youth who participated in a multi-site, hybrid effectivene…
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Impulsivity Dimensions and Risky Sex Behaviors in an At-Risk Young Adult Sample
Bivariate Trajectories of Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior: Associations With Emerging Adult Outcomes in a High-Risk Sample
Substance use and antisocial behavior are complex, interrelated behaviors. The current study identified model trajectory classes defined by concurrent substance use and antisocial behavior and examined trajectory associations with emerging adult outcomes. Participants from a high-risk sample of youth (n=536; 73% male) completed interviews at baseline (mean age= 16.1 years) and followup (mean age= 22.6 years). Latent class growth analyses identifi…
Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Middle School: The Interplay of Gender, Peer Victimization, and Supportive Social Relationships
The current study examined the impact of supportive social relationships (i.e., teacher support, adult support, school relatedness) and peer victimization on middle school students' substance use. Over 3,000 middle school students reported on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, supportive social relationships, and instances in which they were the victim of aggressive behavior. Mixed-effects logit regression analyses revealed complementary patt…
The Influence of Recency of Use on fMRI Response During Spatial Working Memory in Adolescent Marijuana Users
Some neurocognitive recovery occurs within a month of abstinence from heavy marijuana use, yet functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed altered activation among recent and abstinent adult users. We compared fMRI response during a spatial working memory (SWM) task between adolescent marijuana users with brief and sustained durations of abstinence. Participants were 13 recent users (two to seven days abstinent), 13 abstinent users …
Gender differences in factors influencing alcohol use and drinking progression among adolescents
A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age
Late adolescence (ie, 16–20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and socia…
Substance involvement among youths in child welfare: The role of common and unique risk factors
This study examines risk factors for substance involvement for youths involved with the child welfare (CW) system. In addition to common risk factors examined in general population studies; this research examines risk factors unique to youths in the CW system, including age at entry into CW and number of out-of-home placements. Participants included 214 youths ages 13 to 18, randomly sampled from youths active to CW in San Diego County, Californi…
Chronic life stress, acute stress events, and substance availability in relapse
This study evaluated additive and interactive models of the effects of acute stressful life events, chronic life stressors, and immediate substance availability on substance use following alcohol and drug treatment. One hundred and two veterans meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol, cannabis, or stimulant dependence at treatment entry completed quarterly interviews for one year. Severe chronic stressors and substance availability predicted an incre…
Life Stress, Coping and Comorbid Youth: An Examination of the Stress-Vulnerability Model for Substance Relapse
The stress-vulnerability model of addiction relapse states that the impact of life stress on alcohol and other drug use is influenced by several types of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Coping skills have been shown to be protective against alcohol or other drug use in adolescents and adults. To date, the influence of life stress and coping on addiction relapse has not been investigated among substance use disordered youth with comorbid…
Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy for Substance-Dependent Adults with Depressive Disorders
In a randomized trial, this study compared the longitudinal outcome patterns of veterans (N = 66) with substance use disorders and major depressive disorder receiving standard pharmacotherapy and either 12-Step Facilitation Therapy (TSF) or disorder-specific Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (ICBT). Depression and substance use were assessed at intake, during and after treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Time Line…
Race and Ethnic Differences in Attempts to Cut Down or Quit Substance Use in a High School Sample
Much attention has been given to the initiation and progression of substance involvement of youth. Less is known about decrements in substance use and cessation efforts among adolescents from diverse race/ethnic backgrounds. The present study examined substance use and attempts to reduce or quit substance use among adolescents from three race/ethnic groups. Participants were 3,756 Asian-American, Latino, and White high-school students surveyed re…
Race/Ethnic Disparity and Correlates of Substance Abuse Service Utilization and Juvenile Justice Involvement Among Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders
This study examines correlates of level of specialty alcohol/drug services care and juvenile justice system involvement for adolescents with substance use disorders. Participants were 420 adolescents 13-18 years of age randomly sampled from all youths active in at least one of five youth sectors of care in San Diego County, California. Adolescents were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews including the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for…
Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior
The Role of Alcohol in Adolescent Relapse and Outcome
Although adolescents entering treatment for substance abuse typically use several substances, alcohol is seldom the drug of choice. Given alcohol's role as a gateway substance in the initiation of substance misuse, the authors hypothesize that alcohol is substantially involved in adolescent relapse following substance abuse treatment. One hundred fifty-seven youths (39.5% female, mean age 15.91 years) were recruited from adolescent inpatient alco…
Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems
Because of the prevalence of substance abuse in general clinical populations, it is important for psychologists to have knowledge and skill in this area. Psychologists also have special expertise to offer in the assessment and treatment of alcohol/drug problems. Current evidence indicates that (a) alcohol/drug problems generally obey ordinary behavioral principles and processes, (b) substance abuse frequently occurs within a broader cluster of ps…
Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems
Alcoholism and memory: Broadening the scope of alcohol-expectancy research
Current biopsychosocial research on the etiology of alcoholism has begun to focus on memory processes as a possible common pathway for drinking decisions. The alcohol-expectancy construct is rooted both in cognitive psychology and alcohol research and can serve as a vehicle for this study. Reexamination of one recent review of issues in alcohol-expectancy research provides an opportunity to broaden the scope of this research with theoretical and …
Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Middle School: The Interplay of Gender, Peer Victimization, and Supportive Social Relationships
The current study examined the impact of supportive social relationships (i.e., teacher support, adult support, school relatedness) and peer victimization on middle school students' substance use. Over 3,000 middle school students reported on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, supportive social relationships, and instances in which they were the victim of aggressive behavior. Mixed-effects logit regression analyses revealed complementary patt…
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Impulsivity Dimensions and Risky Sex Behaviors in an At-Risk Young Adult Sample
Expectations of reinforcement from alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns.
Developed a questionnaire from interviews with 125 15–60 yr old individuals of diversified drinking backgrounds. Responses from an additional 400 Ss were used to refine the questionnaire, and the refined version was administered to 440 nonalcoholic Ss. The 6 independent expectancies extracted were that alcohol transforms experiences in a positive way, enhances social and physical pleasure, enhances sexual performance and experience, increases pow…
The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: An instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies.
Alcohol-related expectancies can influence the behavioral effects of alcohol and decisions regarding alcohol use. A standard measure of expectancies is needed for research and clinical work in the alcohol arena; the development and current status of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) is summarized. The adolescent and adult forms of this instrument are designed to measure the degree to which individuals expect alcohol to produce a variety …
Alcoholism and memory: Broadening the scope of alcohol-expectancy research
Current biopsychosocial research on the etiology of alcoholism has begun to focus on memory processes as a possible common pathway for drinking decisions. The alcohol-expectancy construct is rooted both in cognitive psychology and alcohol research and can serve as a vehicle for this study. Reexamination of one recent review of issues in alcohol-expectancy research provides an opportunity to broaden the scope of this research with theoretical and …
Alcoholism and memory: Broadening the scope of alcohol-expectancy research
Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems
Because of the prevalence of substance abuse in general clinical populations, it is important for psychologists to have knowledge and skill in this area. Psychologists also have special expertise to offer in the assessment and treatment of alcohol/drug problems. Current evidence indicates that (a) alcohol/drug problems generally obey ordinary behavioral principles and processes, (b) substance abuse frequently occurs within a broader cluster of ps…
Why psychologists should treat alcohol and drug problems
The Role of Alcohol in Adolescent Relapse and Outcome
Although adolescents entering treatment for substance abuse typically use several substances, alcohol is seldom the drug of choice. Given alcohol's role as a gateway substance in the initiation of substance misuse, the authors hypothesize that alcohol is substantially involved in adolescent relapse following substance abuse treatment. One hundred fifty-seven youths (39.5% female, mean age 15.91 years) were recruited from adolescent inpatient alco…
Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior
Race and Ethnic Differences in Attempts to Cut Down or Quit Substance Use in a High School Sample
Much attention has been given to the initiation and progression of substance involvement of youth. Less is known about decrements in substance use and cessation efforts among adolescents from diverse race/ethnic backgrounds. The present study examined substance use and attempts to reduce or quit substance use among adolescents from three race/ethnic groups. Participants were 3,756 Asian-American, Latino, and White high-school students surveyed re…
Race/Ethnic Disparity and Correlates of Substance Abuse Service Utilization and Juvenile Justice Involvement Among Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders
This study examines correlates of level of specialty alcohol/drug services care and juvenile justice system involvement for adolescents with substance use disorders. Participants were 420 adolescents 13-18 years of age randomly sampled from all youths active in at least one of five youth sectors of care in San Diego County, California. Adolescents were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews including the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for…
Chronic life stress, acute stress events, and substance availability in relapse
This study evaluated additive and interactive models of the effects of acute stressful life events, chronic life stressors, and immediate substance availability on substance use following alcohol and drug treatment. One hundred and two veterans meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol, cannabis, or stimulant dependence at treatment entry completed quarterly interviews for one year. Severe chronic stressors and substance availability predicted an incre…
Life Stress, Coping and Comorbid Youth: An Examination of the Stress-Vulnerability Model for Substance Relapse
The stress-vulnerability model of addiction relapse states that the impact of life stress on alcohol and other drug use is influenced by several types of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Coping skills have been shown to be protective against alcohol or other drug use in adolescents and adults. To date, the influence of life stress and coping on addiction relapse has not been investigated among substance use disordered youth with comorbid…
Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Twelve-Step Facilitation Therapy for Substance-Dependent Adults with Depressive Disorders
In a randomized trial, this study compared the longitudinal outcome patterns of veterans (N = 66) with substance use disorders and major depressive disorder receiving standard pharmacotherapy and either 12-Step Facilitation Therapy (TSF) or disorder-specific Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (ICBT). Depression and substance use were assessed at intake, during and after treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Time Line…
A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age
Late adolescence (ie, 16–20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and socia…
Substance involvement among youths in child welfare: The role of common and unique risk factors
This study examines risk factors for substance involvement for youths involved with the child welfare (CW) system. In addition to common risk factors examined in general population studies; this research examines risk factors unique to youths in the CW system, including age at entry into CW and number of out-of-home placements. Participants included 214 youths ages 13 to 18, randomly sampled from youths active to CW in San Diego County, Californi…
Gender differences in factors influencing alcohol use and drinking progression among adolescents
The Influence of Recency of Use on fMRI Response During Spatial Working Memory in Adolescent Marijuana Users
Some neurocognitive recovery occurs within a month of abstinence from heavy marijuana use, yet functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed altered activation among recent and abstinent adult users. We compared fMRI response during a spatial working memory (SWM) task between adolescent marijuana users with brief and sustained durations of abstinence. Participants were 13 recent users (two to seven days abstinent), 13 abstinent users …
Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Middle School: The Interplay of Gender, Peer Victimization, and Supportive Social Relationships
The current study examined the impact of supportive social relationships (i.e., teacher support, adult support, school relatedness) and peer victimization on middle school students' substance use. Over 3,000 middle school students reported on alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, supportive social relationships, and instances in which they were the victim of aggressive behavior. Mixed-effects logit regression analyses revealed complementary patt…
Bivariate Trajectories of Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior: Associations With Emerging Adult Outcomes in a High-Risk Sample
Substance use and antisocial behavior are complex, interrelated behaviors. The current study identified model trajectory classes defined by concurrent substance use and antisocial behavior and examined trajectory associations with emerging adult outcomes. Participants from a high-risk sample of youth (n=536; 73% male) completed interviews at baseline (mean age= 16.1 years) and followup (mean age= 22.6 years). Latent class growth analyses identifi…
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Impulsivity Dimensions and Risky Sex Behaviors in an At-Risk Young Adult Sample
Facilitating Change in Drinking Cognitions and Behaviors Among Three Immigrant Generations of Latinx Youth Through a School-Based Intervention: Findings From a Multi-Site Clinical Trial
Latinx youth experience disparities in the availability of and participation in evidence-based interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to examine whether Project Options, a brief, evidence-based alcohol use intervention was beneficial for Latinx participants. A total of 331 first-, second-, and third-generation immigrant Latina and Latino youth who participated in a multi-site, hybrid effectivene…
Resilience to Covid-19: Socioeconomic Disadvantage Associated With Positive Caregiver–Youth Communication and Youth Preventative Actions
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with larger COVID-19 disease burdens and pandemic-related economic impacts. We utilized the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to understand how family- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage relate to disease burden, family communication, and preventative responses to the pandemic in over 6,000 youth-caregiver dyads. Data were collected at three timepoints (May–August 202…
A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents
We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood
Earlier Bedtime and Effective Coping Skills Predict a Return to Low-Risk of Depression in Young Adults during the Covid-19 Pandemic
To determine the persistent effects of the pandemic on mental health in young adults, we categorized depressive symptom trajectories and sought factors that promoted a reduction in depressive symptoms in high-risk individuals. Specifically, longitudinal analysis investigated changes in the risk for depression before and during the pandemic until December 2021 in 399 young adults (57% female; age range: 22.8 ± 2.6 years) in the United States (U.S.…
Psychology (28 works) · Clinical Psychology (25 works) · Psychiatry (24 works) · Medicine (20 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (15 works) · Developmental psychology (13 works) · Clinical Psychology (10 works) · Substance abuse (10 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works)