Joseph P Newman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3884783 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joseph P Newman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joseph P |
| FAMILY NAME | Newman |
| SIGNATURE | NEWMAN J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5835-6905 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Smith and Lilienfeld’s meta-analysis of the response modulation hypothesis: Important theoretical and quantitative clarifications
Exaggerated attention blink response in prisoners with externalizing
Hostile attributions in incarcerated adult male offenders: An exploration of diverse pathways
Hostile attributions were examined in 150 incarcerated males to test the possibility that there are two pathways associated with hostile attributions: one related to psychopathy as assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised [PCL-R; Hare, 1991] and one related to depressogenic attributional style, as assessed using the Inferential Styles Questionnaire [ISQ; Rose et al., 1994]. Ten hypothetical vignettes were used to assess attributions of in…
Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task
The clinical and research literatures on psychopathy have identified an emotion paradox: Psychopaths display normal appraisal but impaired use of emotion cues. Using R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and the G. S. Welsh Anxiety Scale (1956), the authors identified low-anxious psychopaths and controls and examined predictions concerning their performance on a lexical-decision task. Results supported all the predictions: (a) low-anx…
Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task
Approach and avoidance motivation in psychopathic criminal offenders during passive avoidance
The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality of the theories by using an active avoidance phase t…
Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: Toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition.
Gorenstein and Newman (1980) proposed that poorly modulated responding for reward is the common diathesis underlying disinhibited behavior in several traditionally distinct person categories: psychopathy, hysteria, early onset alcoholism, childhood hyperactivity, and nonpathological impulsivity (e.g., extraversion). The authors extend this proposal by theorizing a psychological mechanism that highlights relations among disinhibition, reflection, …
Effects of motivationally significant stimuli on the regulation of dominant responses
In 4 experiments, Ss responded as quickly as possible to indicate whether character strings consisted of letters or numbers. Following a warning stimulus that was or was not designed to trigger a motivational-emotional response in particular subgroups (viz., those with high anxiety, discrepant self-concepts, and eating disorders), strings were presented in a central (dominant) location on 75% of the trials or in 1 of 4 peripheral (nondominant) lo…
Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals
Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents.
The revised Psychopathy Checklist: Reliability and factor structure.
The revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) is a 20-item scale scored from interview and file informa-tion. Analyses of data from 5 prison samples (N = 92 5) and 3 forensic psychiatric samples (N = 356) indicate that the revised PCL resembles its 22-item predecessor in all important respects. It has excellent psychometric properties, and it measures 2 correlated factors that were cross-validated both within and between samples. Correlations between t…
Impulsive motor behavior: Effects of personality and goal salience
This experiment used a circle tracing paradigm to extend our recent theoretical development concerning the contributions of extraversion and neuroticism to impulsive performance on continuous motor tasks. Subjects (N = 137) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 circle conditions: The goal condition provided subjects with a salient behavioral end point for their tracings, whereas the no-goal condition…
Socialization and attentional deficits under focusing and divided attention conditions
We conducted two studies to test and refine the hypothesis that, when undersocialized individuals focus on events of immediate interest, they allocate too large a proportion of their processing resources to those events and have little attention available for processing other important events. College students who completed the Socialization (So) scale (Gough, 1960) performed visual and auditory tasks simultaneously under conditions favoring the …
Reaction to punishment in extraverts and psychopaths: Implications for the impulsive behavior of disinhibited individuals
Reaction to punishment, reflectivity, and passive avoidance learning in extraverts
Passive avoidance learning occupies a central role in accounts of disinhibited behavior, ranging from psychopaths' persistent criminality (Hare 1970) to extraverts' gregariousness (Gray, 1972). To explore the mechanism underlying passive avoidance deficits, we assessed the relation of extraversion, neuroticism, and response latency after punishment to passive avoidance learning by using two successive go/no go discrimination tasks. The tasks were…
Effects of punishment on response latency in extraverts
Previous findings indicate that in comparison to introverts, extraverts are prone to form responses that are resistant to interruption by punishment. Because the tendency to stop and reflect following punishment may be crucial for subsequent learning, the present study was designed to examine differences between introverts' and extraverts' reactions to punishment using response latency on the trial following punishment as the dependent variable. …
Expectation of success following noncontingent punishment in introverts and extraverts
Recent findings indicate that extraverts are more likely than introverts to continue responding in the face of punishment and frustrating nonreward (Newman & Kosson, 1984; Tiggemann, Winefield, & Brebner, 1982). The current study investigates whether extraverts' expectations for success are, similarly, resistant to interruption and alteration. To test this hypothesis, 50 introverted and 50 extraverted male undergraduates were exposed to pretreatm…
Passive avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and extraversion
Psychologists and societal concerns
Reaction to punishment in extraverts and psychopaths: Implications for the impulsive behavior of disinhibited individuals
Effects of punishment on response latency in extraverts
Previous findings indicate that in comparison to introverts, extraverts are prone to form responses that are resistant to interruption by punishment. Because the tendency to stop and reflect following punishment may be crucial for subsequent learning, the present study was designed to examine differences between introverts' and extraverts' reactions to punishment using response latency on the trial following punishment as the dependent variable. …
Impulsive motor behavior: Effects of personality and goal salience
This experiment used a circle tracing paradigm to extend our recent theoretical development concerning the contributions of extraversion and neuroticism to impulsive performance on continuous motor tasks. Subjects (N = 137) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 circle conditions: The goal condition provided subjects with a salient behavioral end point for their tracings, whereas the no-goal condition…
Passive avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and extraversion
Reaction to punishment, reflectivity, and passive avoidance learning in extraverts
Passive avoidance learning occupies a central role in accounts of disinhibited behavior, ranging from psychopaths' persistent criminality (Hare 1970) to extraverts' gregariousness (Gray, 1972). To explore the mechanism underlying passive avoidance deficits, we assessed the relation of extraversion, neuroticism, and response latency after punishment to passive avoidance learning by using two successive go/no go discrimination tasks. The tasks were…
Hostile attributions in incarcerated adult male offenders: An exploration of diverse pathways
Hostile attributions were examined in 150 incarcerated males to test the possibility that there are two pathways associated with hostile attributions: one related to psychopathy as assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised [PCL-R; Hare, 1991] and one related to depressogenic attributional style, as assessed using the Inferential Styles Questionnaire [ISQ; Rose et al., 1994]. Ten hypothetical vignettes were used to assess attributions of in…
Approach and avoidance motivation in psychopathic criminal offenders during passive avoidance
The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality of the theories by using an active avoidance phase t…
Effects of motivationally significant stimuli on the regulation of dominant responses
In 4 experiments, Ss responded as quickly as possible to indicate whether character strings consisted of letters or numbers. Following a warning stimulus that was or was not designed to trigger a motivational-emotional response in particular subgroups (viz., those with high anxiety, discrepant self-concepts, and eating disorders), strings were presented in a central (dominant) location on 75% of the trials or in 1 of 4 peripheral (nondominant) lo…
Exaggerated attention blink response in prisoners with externalizing
Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals
Expectation of success following noncontingent punishment in introverts and extraverts
Recent findings indicate that extraverts are more likely than introverts to continue responding in the face of punishment and frustrating nonreward (Newman & Kosson, 1984; Tiggemann, Winefield, & Brebner, 1982). The current study investigates whether extraverts' expectations for success are, similarly, resistant to interruption and alteration. To test this hypothesis, 50 introverted and 50 extraverted male undergraduates were exposed to pretreatm…
Psychologists and societal concerns
Passive avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and extraversion
Effects of punishment on response latency in extraverts
Previous findings indicate that in comparison to introverts, extraverts are prone to form responses that are resistant to interruption by punishment. Because the tendency to stop and reflect following punishment may be crucial for subsequent learning, the present study was designed to examine differences between introverts' and extraverts' reactions to punishment using response latency on the trial following punishment as the dependent variable. …
Expectation of success following noncontingent punishment in introverts and extraverts
Recent findings indicate that extraverts are more likely than introverts to continue responding in the face of punishment and frustrating nonreward (Newman & Kosson, 1984; Tiggemann, Winefield, & Brebner, 1982). The current study investigates whether extraverts' expectations for success are, similarly, resistant to interruption and alteration. To test this hypothesis, 50 introverted and 50 extraverted male undergraduates were exposed to pretreatm…
Reaction to punishment in extraverts and psychopaths: Implications for the impulsive behavior of disinhibited individuals
Reaction to punishment, reflectivity, and passive avoidance learning in extraverts
Passive avoidance learning occupies a central role in accounts of disinhibited behavior, ranging from psychopaths' persistent criminality (Hare 1970) to extraverts' gregariousness (Gray, 1972). To explore the mechanism underlying passive avoidance deficits, we assessed the relation of extraversion, neuroticism, and response latency after punishment to passive avoidance learning by using two successive go/no go discrimination tasks. The tasks were…
Socialization and attentional deficits under focusing and divided attention conditions
We conducted two studies to test and refine the hypothesis that, when undersocialized individuals focus on events of immediate interest, they allocate too large a proportion of their processing resources to those events and have little attention available for processing other important events. College students who completed the Socialization (So) scale (Gough, 1960) performed visual and auditory tasks simultaneously under conditions favoring the …
Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents.
The revised Psychopathy Checklist: Reliability and factor structure.
The revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) is a 20-item scale scored from interview and file informa-tion. Analyses of data from 5 prison samples (N = 92 5) and 3 forensic psychiatric samples (N = 356) indicate that the revised PCL resembles its 22-item predecessor in all important respects. It has excellent psychometric properties, and it measures 2 correlated factors that were cross-validated both within and between samples. Correlations between t…
Impulsive motor behavior: Effects of personality and goal salience
This experiment used a circle tracing paradigm to extend our recent theoretical development concerning the contributions of extraversion and neuroticism to impulsive performance on continuous motor tasks. Subjects (N = 137) completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 circle conditions: The goal condition provided subjects with a salient behavioral end point for their tracings, whereas the no-goal condition…
Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals
Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: Toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition.
Gorenstein and Newman (1980) proposed that poorly modulated responding for reward is the common diathesis underlying disinhibited behavior in several traditionally distinct person categories: psychopathy, hysteria, early onset alcoholism, childhood hyperactivity, and nonpathological impulsivity (e.g., extraversion). The authors extend this proposal by theorizing a psychological mechanism that highlights relations among disinhibition, reflection, …
Effects of motivationally significant stimuli on the regulation of dominant responses
In 4 experiments, Ss responded as quickly as possible to indicate whether character strings consisted of letters or numbers. Following a warning stimulus that was or was not designed to trigger a motivational-emotional response in particular subgroups (viz., those with high anxiety, discrepant self-concepts, and eating disorders), strings were presented in a central (dominant) location on 75% of the trials or in 1 of 4 peripheral (nondominant) lo…
Approach and avoidance motivation in psychopathic criminal offenders during passive avoidance
The authors evaluated competing theories that attribute psychopathic individuals' poor passive avoidance to a strong activating system, a weak inhibitory system, or poor modulation of behavioral activation when inhibitory cues appear. In Study 1, the continuous motor task involved a reward phase to elicit the activating system followed by a passive avoidance phase. Study 2 tested the generality of the theories by using an active avoidance phase t…
Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task
The clinical and research literatures on psychopathy have identified an emotion paradox: Psychopaths display normal appraisal but impaired use of emotion cues. Using R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and the G. S. Welsh Anxiety Scale (1956), the authors identified low-anxious psychopaths and controls and examined predictions concerning their performance on a lexical-decision task. Results supported all the predictions: (a) low-anx…
Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task
Hostile attributions in incarcerated adult male offenders: An exploration of diverse pathways
Hostile attributions were examined in 150 incarcerated males to test the possibility that there are two pathways associated with hostile attributions: one related to psychopathy as assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised [PCL-R; Hare, 1991] and one related to depressogenic attributional style, as assessed using the Inferential Styles Questionnaire [ISQ; Rose et al., 1994]. Ten hypothetical vignettes were used to assess attributions of in…
Exaggerated attention blink response in prisoners with externalizing
Smith and Lilienfeld’s meta-analysis of the response modulation hypothesis: Important theoretical and quantitative clarifications
Psychology (18 works) · Developmental psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Cognitive psychology (10 works) · Personality (10 works) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (10 works) · Social Psychology (10 works) · Personality Disorders and Psychopathology (7 works) · Big Five personality traits (6 works) · Extraversion and introversion (6 works)