Larry D Reid
Biographic Data
| ID | 3884912 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Larry D Reid |
| GIVEN NAMES | Larry D |
| FAMILY NAME | Reid |
| SIGNATURE | REID L D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Utah |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 13 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1963 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
A Commonsense Resolution to the Issue of Determinism versus Rational Agency (aka, free-will)
This brief is an essay providing newer perspectives than the traditional (often religiously oriented) and modern scholarship on free-will versus determinism. The essay’s scope is confined to biological life on Earth and does not address how the chaos and randomness of the universe had come to have organized planets and suns. Among the issues raised is that willfulness is not free, rather a cost. The assertion is made that the agency allowing huma…
Injections of estrogens in young female rats and their intake of palatable ingesta
Endophinergic modulation of acceptability of putative reinforcers
Processes of fear reduction in systematic desensitization
Rearing Variations and Hebb-Williams Maze Performance
Rats were kept in 1 of 3 environments from 21 to 81 days of age. The environments varied from one that changed very little across days (impoverishment) to one that changed daily (“super-enrichment”). At 110 and 190 days of age, S s were given batteries of tests in the Hebb-Williams maze. The first tests were preceded by pretraining habituation to testing and the second tests were preceded by pretraining and maze running. There were large differen…
Paired-Associate Analogue of Language Learning
Adults learned 25 paired associates, forming a 5 by 5 matrix, in which the stimuli were 2-digit numbers and the responses were 2-letter pairs; 23 pairs (“regulars”) followed matrix rules; 2 pairs (“irregulars”) did not. on study trials, Ss were presented 21 regular pairs once and 2 irregular pairs twice; test trials were with all 25 stimuli. Ss learned the pairs more rapidly than those in a similar study which used fewer pairs and a smaller matri…
Rats are frequently subjects of choice
Isolated Rearing and Hebb-Williams Maze Performance
48 male hooded rats were reared from weaning to adulthood either individually in small opaque-walled cages or together in larger, open cages containing various objects. Following rearing, Ss' “emotionality” and their efficiency at solving maze problems were measured. Consonant with other studies, Ss reared in isolation were more “emotional.” Unlike previous reports, Ss of the isolated rearing condition were as efficient at solving maze problems a…
Delayed Punishment of Positively Reinforced Bar Presses
Combining positive and negative reinforcement (both being electrical stimulation of the brain) for lever pressing by 4 rats produced a gradient of suppression as the 2 qualities of reinforcement were separated temporally. Maximal suppression occurred with an interstimulus interval of about 1 sec. This maximum was interpreted as marking the intersection of a waning interaction of the neurological aspects of reward and punishment and a delay-of-pun…
Effects of Restricted Rearing on Lashley Stand Performance
Rats were reared from weaning to adulthood in either an isolated or enriched environment. Their efficiency at solving a visual discrimination on the Lashley jumping stand and their emotionality were measured as adults. Differences in efficiency of discrimination were slight. Isolated Ss were more timid during the early phases of the experiment but this timidity was reduced by the end of training
Electrical Intracranial Stimulation as a Primary Reinforcer for Cats
Cats were trained to press a bar to receive electrical stimulation in the region of the medial forebrain bundle. The training was achieved without the employment of prior training to any conventional reinforcer but required a very large number of stimulations before the cats began to show positive reinforcement from the stimulations. It appears that the cats' response to intracranial stimulation underwent a transition from negative to positive wi…
Overnight Performance Decrement with Intracranial Reinforcement
An overnight performance decrement is allegedly characteristic of habits maintained by intracranial electrical stimulation. The decrement was here found to be (a) not common to all electrode sites, (b) reduced by one un-reinforced trial, and (c) reduced by intracranial stimulation administered below a rewarding intensity. The electrode sites not associated with performance decrement were in the median forebrain bundle (MFB). Those associated with…
Water-Maze Performance of Tryon Maze Bright and Dull Rats
Water-Maze Performance of Tryon Maze Bright and Dull Rats
Electrical Intracranial Stimulation as a Primary Reinforcer for Cats
Cats were trained to press a bar to receive electrical stimulation in the region of the medial forebrain bundle. The training was achieved without the employment of prior training to any conventional reinforcer but required a very large number of stimulations before the cats began to show positive reinforcement from the stimulations. It appears that the cats' response to intracranial stimulation underwent a transition from negative to positive wi…
Overnight Performance Decrement with Intracranial Reinforcement
An overnight performance decrement is allegedly characteristic of habits maintained by intracranial electrical stimulation. The decrement was here found to be (a) not common to all electrode sites, (b) reduced by one un-reinforced trial, and (c) reduced by intracranial stimulation administered below a rewarding intensity. The electrode sites not associated with performance decrement were in the median forebrain bundle (MFB). Those associated with…
Effects of Restricted Rearing on Lashley Stand Performance
Rats were reared from weaning to adulthood in either an isolated or enriched environment. Their efficiency at solving a visual discrimination on the Lashley jumping stand and their emotionality were measured as adults. Differences in efficiency of discrimination were slight. Isolated Ss were more timid during the early phases of the experiment but this timidity was reduced by the end of training
Delayed Punishment of Positively Reinforced Bar Presses
Combining positive and negative reinforcement (both being electrical stimulation of the brain) for lever pressing by 4 rats produced a gradient of suppression as the 2 qualities of reinforcement were separated temporally. Maximal suppression occurred with an interstimulus interval of about 1 sec. This maximum was interpreted as marking the intersection of a waning interaction of the neurological aspects of reward and punishment and a delay-of-pun…
Isolated Rearing and Hebb-Williams Maze Performance
48 male hooded rats were reared from weaning to adulthood either individually in small opaque-walled cages or together in larger, open cages containing various objects. Following rearing, Ss' “emotionality” and their efficiency at solving maze problems were measured. Consonant with other studies, Ss reared in isolation were more “emotional.” Unlike previous reports, Ss of the isolated rearing condition were as efficient at solving maze problems a…
Rats are frequently subjects of choice
Paired-Associate Analogue of Language Learning
Adults learned 25 paired associates, forming a 5 by 5 matrix, in which the stimuli were 2-digit numbers and the responses were 2-letter pairs; 23 pairs (“regulars”) followed matrix rules; 2 pairs (“irregulars”) did not. on study trials, Ss were presented 21 regular pairs once and 2 irregular pairs twice; test trials were with all 25 stimuli. Ss learned the pairs more rapidly than those in a similar study which used fewer pairs and a smaller matri…
Rearing Variations and Hebb-Williams Maze Performance
Rats were kept in 1 of 3 environments from 21 to 81 days of age. The environments varied from one that changed very little across days (impoverishment) to one that changed daily (“super-enrichment”). At 110 and 190 days of age, S s were given batteries of tests in the Hebb-Williams maze. The first tests were preceded by pretraining habituation to testing and the second tests were preceded by pretraining and maze running. There were large differen…
Processes of fear reduction in systematic desensitization
Endophinergic modulation of acceptability of putative reinforcers
Injections of estrogens in young female rats and their intake of palatable ingesta
A Commonsense Resolution to the Issue of Determinism versus Rational Agency (aka, free-will)
This brief is an essay providing newer perspectives than the traditional (often religiously oriented) and modern scholarship on free-will versus determinism. The essay’s scope is confined to biological life on Earth and does not address how the chaos and randomness of the universe had come to have organized planets and suns. Among the issues raised is that willfulness is not free, rather a cost. The assertion is made that the agency allowing huma…
Psychology (11 works) · Medicine (9 works) · Developmental psychology (8 works) · Audiology (7 works) · Neuroscience (7 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Internal Medicine (4 works) · Reinforcement (4 works) · Social Psychology (4 works) · Animal science (3 works)