Daniel Mügge
Biographic Data
| ID | 389030 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel Mügge |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel |
| FAMILY NAME | Mügge |
| SIGNATURE | MÜGGE D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Amsterdam |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9408-7597 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 298 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Forking paths of AI governance – how risk management frameworks shape the politics of AI
‘Risk’ is omnipresent in the governance of artificial intelligence (AI). It structures the EU’s AI Act and stands central in US policy frameworks and AI governance initiatives of the OECD. We analyze how risk management frameworks, as dominant policy tools, shape the politics of AI. Empirically, we focus on the leading risk management frameworks: the US NIST AI Risk Management Framework and the ISO/IEC Risk Management Standards, as well as the ha…
Global, selective, or both? The case for differentiated cooperation in AI governance
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11077-026-09606-y
EU AI sovereignty: For Whom, to What End, and to Whose Benefit
EU policy emphasises the need for digital sovereignty, also in artificial intelligence (AI). But because such 'AI sovereignty' could be used for diverse and even conflicting goals, it obscures the tensions that actual EU AI strategy entails. Conceptually, this article proposes three central trade-offs: first, does AI sovereignty pit the EU against other major AI powers, or rather citizens against large tech companies? Second, is AI sovereignty me…
The delusive economy: How information and affect colour perceptions of national economic performance
The securitization of the EU’s digital tech regulation
Regulation is a prominent tool in what Kruck and Weiss call the Regulatory Security State. Safeguarding security entails shaping tech companies' behaviour through arms-length rules, rather than wielding state capacity directly – a power shift away from state actors. As I argue, this dynamic also works in reverse: securitization of digital technology imposes security provision – a traditional state rationale – on regulatory domains hitherto domina…
The Problem with Trade Measurement in International Relations
Trade statistics are widely used in studies and policymaking focused on economic interdependence. Yet, researchers in International Relations (IR) have largely disregarded half the data available to study trade. Bilateral trade flows are usually recorded twice: by the sending economy as an export and by the receiving one as an import. These two values should match, but discrepancies between them tend to be large and pervasive. Most studies ignore…
The statistical trilemma: Built-in Limitations of International Economic Statistics
Economic statistics are central to global economic governance. They are the informational background to the Sustainable Development Goals, conditional lending by international organizations, and other dimensions of development policy. But there is a growing chasm between aspirations for economic statistics and what they can deliver on the ground. We argue that these shortcomings are rooted in what we call a trilemma of official statistics, a gene…
The national accounting paradox: How Statistical Norms Corrode International Economic Data
The transnationalization and digitization of economic activity has undermined the quality of official economic statistics, which still center on national territories and material production. Why do we not witness more vigorous efforts to bring statistical standards in line with present-day economic realities, or admissions that precision in economic data has become increasingly illusive? The paradoxical answer, we argue, lies in the norms underpi…
Seeing and Not-seeing Like a Political Economist: The Historicity of Contemporary Political Economy and its Blind Spots
Contemporary political economy is predicated on widely shared ideas and assumptions, some explicit but many implicit, about the past. Our aim in this Special Issue is to draw attention to, and to assess critically, these historical assumptions. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a political economy that is more attentive to the analytic assumptions on which it is premised, more aware of the potential oversights, biases, and omissions they cont…
Blind spots in IPE: Marginalized perspectives and neglected trends in contemporary capitalism
Which blind spots shape scholarship in International Political Economy (IPE)? That question animates the contributions to a double special issue—one in the Review of International Political Economy, and a companion one in New Political Economy. The global financial crisis had seemed to vindicate broad-ranging IPE perspectives at the expense of narrow economics theories. Yet the tumultuous decade since then has confronted IPE scholars with rapidly…
Economic statistics as political artefacts
Macroeconomic statistics simultaneously shape and try to capture the political economy we study. Their biases mold social and political dynamics; they also infect academic and policy analysis. Political economy can both benefit from and advance an understanding of economic statistics as political artefacts. To help unlock that potential, this article builds on scholarship dispersed across disciplines and highlights three points. First, a binary d…
The Lure of Ill-Fitting Unemployment Statistics: How South Africa’s Discouraged Work Seekers Disappeared From the Unemployment Rate
n Contains fulltext :\n 221835.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Globalization and the growing defects of international economic statistics
Official international economic statistics are generally considered accurate and meaningful gauges of cross-border flows of trade and capital. Most data users also assume that the quality of the underlying data keeps improving over time. Through an extensive review of the national accounting literature, archival research, two dozen interviews with high-level statisticians, and a series of data quality tests, we evaluate this common view for the p…
The regulator's conundrum. How market reflexivity limits fundamental financial reform
Financial firms’ valuation approaches are key to financial market functioning. The financial crisis exposed fundamental faults in pre-crisis practices and the regulations that bolstered them. Critics pointed to reflexivity: financial markets have no solid anchor outside of market participants’ assessments, which makes them inherently unstable. Reflexivity implies valuation techniques are performative: they shape rather than reflect risks. Critics…
Studying macroeconomic indicators as powerful ideas
Macroeconomic indicators - especially inflation, gross domestic product growth, public deficits and unemployment - stand central in economic governance. Policy-makers use them to assess their economies’ health. Citizens evaluate politicians’ performance using them as yardsticks. But these indicators defy simple definition, and the formulae underlying them have varied across countries and over time. Particular choices have fundamental distributive…
Poor Numbers: How We are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to Do About It, by Morten Jerven
You know that a book matters when it changes the way you view the world – or at least all the other books piling up on and under your desk – for good. Poor Numbers has that rare quality. It does no
Policy Inertia and the Persistence of Systemic Fragility
Many observers have diagnosed a fundamental shift in financial regulation since the 2008 crisis. In contrast, this article argues that changes have mostly been superficial. The ideas underpinning regulation have been adapted rather than overturned. Our financial system remains highly fragile, even if exceptionally loose monetary policy obscures such fragility temporarily. Governments show little appetite to correct the lopsided relationship betwe…
Europe's regulatory role in post-crisis global finance
Before the crisis, the European Union (EU) had emerged as a major force in global financial governance (GFG). The contributions to this collection examine the different dimensions of the EU's role in GFG and how they have been affected by the recent crisis. Taking a bird's eye view, this introduction offers three main arguments. First, the EU has stabilized, rather than challenged, established ideas in and approaches to GFG. Second, the EU contin…
The Restructuring of Capitalism in Our Time, by William Tabb: New York: Columbia University Press, 2012
For more than half a decade, the credit crisis and its aftermath have stood centre stage in much political economy debate and research. And as befits academics, the publications have followed. The
The future of international political economy: Introduction to the 20th anniversary issue of Ripe
An anniversary issue provides an inescapably inviting opportunity to reflect on the past, evaluate the present, and contemplate the future. Eschewing the self-congratulatory rhetoric of traditional anniversary celebrations, we have devoted this 20th anniversary issue of RIPE to contributions that critically examine the academic discipline of international political economy, focusing on our collective challenges and limitations as much as on our a…
The Political Economy of Europeanized Financial Regulation
Over the past two decades, the European Union has become a central actor in financial regulation and has developed complex institutions to govern financial markets. Recent scholarship has detailed the functioning of these institutions and revealed their inner dynamics. At the same time, the political economy embeddedness of financial regulation, which had inspired early research on European financial integration, has increasingly dropped out of t…
From Pragmatism to Dogmatism: European Union Governance, Policy Paradigms and Financial Meltdown
Contemporary analyses commonly attribute the global credit crisis to faulty regulation. What have been the roots of these deficient rules, particularly in Europe, where rapid spill-over from US markets took policy makers and observers by surprise? This article focuses on regulatory liberalism as the paradigm guiding European Union (EU) regulation. It has dominated regulatory thinking for decades, but it has been implemented throughout Europe only…
Limits of legitimacy and the primacy of politics in financial governance
What makes institutions that govern global finance legitimate? Contemporary debates, fuelled by the recent crisis, commonly draw on the concepts of input and output legitimacy to answer this question. As this article argues, however, this distinction is as difficult to apply in practice as it may be sensible in theory. Limitations in input legitimacy, which covers the inclusiveness and fairness of policy goal definition, cannot be compensated by …
Tales of tails and dogs: Derivatives and financialization in contemporary capitalism
The article reviews the books "Capitalism With Derivatives: A Political Economy of Financial Derivatives, Capital & Class," by Dick Bryan and Michael Rafferty, "Financialization & Strategy: Narrative & Numbers," by Julie Froud, Sukhdev Johal, Adam Leaver and Karel Williams, and "An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets," by Donald MacKenzie
Private-Public Puzzles: Inter-firm competition and transnational private regulation
Reordering the Marketplace: Competition Politics in European Finance
Over the last 15 years, Europe has seen the liberalization of national financial markets as well as the integration of these markets and their governance through the introduction of the ‘Lamfalussy process’. This article argues that we can best understand these shifts as one integrated project of market‐building in Europe, guided by distributional struggles over the terms of mutual markets access. To comprehend the complex linkages between privat…
Blind spots in IPE: Marginalized perspectives and neglected trends in contemporary capitalism
Which blind spots shape scholarship in International Political Economy (IPE)? That question animates the contributions to a double special issue—one in the Review of International Political Economy, and a companion one in New Political Economy. The global financial crisis had seemed to vindicate broad-ranging IPE perspectives at the expense of narrow economics theories. Yet the tumultuous decade since then has confronted IPE scholars with rapidly…
Studying macroeconomic indicators as powerful ideas
Macroeconomic indicators - especially inflation, gross domestic product growth, public deficits and unemployment - stand central in economic governance. Policy-makers use them to assess their economies’ health. Citizens evaluate politicians’ performance using them as yardsticks. But these indicators defy simple definition, and the formulae underlying them have varied across countries and over time. Particular choices have fundamental distributive…
Seeing and Not-seeing Like a Political Economist: The Historicity of Contemporary Political Economy and its Blind Spots
Contemporary political economy is predicated on widely shared ideas and assumptions, some explicit but many implicit, about the past. Our aim in this Special Issue is to draw attention to, and to assess critically, these historical assumptions. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a political economy that is more attentive to the analytic assumptions on which it is premised, more aware of the potential oversights, biases, and omissions they cont…
Globalization and the growing defects of international economic statistics
Official international economic statistics are generally considered accurate and meaningful gauges of cross-border flows of trade and capital. Most data users also assume that the quality of the underlying data keeps improving over time. Through an extensive review of the national accounting literature, archival research, two dozen interviews with high-level statisticians, and a series of data quality tests, we evaluate this common view for the p…
EU AI sovereignty: For Whom, to What End, and to Whose Benefit
EU policy emphasises the need for digital sovereignty, also in artificial intelligence (AI). But because such 'AI sovereignty' could be used for diverse and even conflicting goals, it obscures the tensions that actual EU AI strategy entails. Conceptually, this article proposes three central trade-offs: first, does AI sovereignty pit the EU against other major AI powers, or rather citizens against large tech companies? Second, is AI sovereignty me…
The securitization of the EU’s digital tech regulation
Regulation is a prominent tool in what Kruck and Weiss call the Regulatory Security State. Safeguarding security entails shaping tech companies' behaviour through arms-length rules, rather than wielding state capacity directly – a power shift away from state actors. As I argue, this dynamic also works in reverse: securitization of digital technology imposes security provision – a traditional state rationale – on regulatory domains hitherto domina…
Limits of legitimacy and the primacy of politics in financial governance
What makes institutions that govern global finance legitimate? Contemporary debates, fuelled by the recent crisis, commonly draw on the concepts of input and output legitimacy to answer this question. As this article argues, however, this distinction is as difficult to apply in practice as it may be sensible in theory. Limitations in input legitimacy, which covers the inclusiveness and fairness of policy goal definition, cannot be compensated by …
The regulator's conundrum. How market reflexivity limits fundamental financial reform
Financial firms’ valuation approaches are key to financial market functioning. The financial crisis exposed fundamental faults in pre-crisis practices and the regulations that bolstered them. Critics pointed to reflexivity: financial markets have no solid anchor outside of market participants’ assessments, which makes them inherently unstable. Reflexivity implies valuation techniques are performative: they shape rather than reflect risks. Critics…
From Pragmatism to Dogmatism: European Union Governance, Policy Paradigms and Financial Meltdown
Contemporary analyses commonly attribute the global credit crisis to faulty regulation. What have been the roots of these deficient rules, particularly in Europe, where rapid spill-over from US markets took policy makers and observers by surprise? This article focuses on regulatory liberalism as the paradigm guiding European Union (EU) regulation. It has dominated regulatory thinking for decades, but it has been implemented throughout Europe only…
Europe's regulatory role in post-crisis global finance
Before the crisis, the European Union (EU) had emerged as a major force in global financial governance (GFG). The contributions to this collection examine the different dimensions of the EU's role in GFG and how they have been affected by the recent crisis. Taking a bird's eye view, this introduction offers three main arguments. First, the EU has stabilized, rather than challenged, established ideas in and approaches to GFG. Second, the EU contin…
The Political Economy of Europeanized Financial Regulation
Over the past two decades, the European Union has become a central actor in financial regulation and has developed complex institutions to govern financial markets. Recent scholarship has detailed the functioning of these institutions and revealed their inner dynamics. At the same time, the political economy embeddedness of financial regulation, which had inspired early research on European financial integration, has increasingly dropped out of t…
Economic statistics as political artefacts
Macroeconomic statistics simultaneously shape and try to capture the political economy we study. Their biases mold social and political dynamics; they also infect academic and policy analysis. Political economy can both benefit from and advance an understanding of economic statistics as political artefacts. To help unlock that potential, this article builds on scholarship dispersed across disciplines and highlights three points. First, a binary d…
Private-Public Puzzles: Inter-firm competition and transnational private regulation
The national accounting paradox: How Statistical Norms Corrode International Economic Data
The transnationalization and digitization of economic activity has undermined the quality of official economic statistics, which still center on national territories and material production. Why do we not witness more vigorous efforts to bring statistical standards in line with present-day economic realities, or admissions that precision in economic data has become increasingly illusive? The paradoxical answer, we argue, lies in the norms underpi…
Tales of tails and dogs: Derivatives and financialization in contemporary capitalism
The article reviews the books "Capitalism With Derivatives: A Political Economy of Financial Derivatives, Capital & Class," by Dick Bryan and Michael Rafferty, "Financialization & Strategy: Narrative & Numbers," by Julie Froud, Sukhdev Johal, Adam Leaver and Karel Williams, and "An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets," by Donald MacKenzie
The Lure of Ill-Fitting Unemployment Statistics: How South Africa’s Discouraged Work Seekers Disappeared From the Unemployment Rate
n Contains fulltext :\n 221835.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
The future of international political economy: Introduction to the 20th anniversary issue of Ripe
An anniversary issue provides an inescapably inviting opportunity to reflect on the past, evaluate the present, and contemplate the future. Eschewing the self-congratulatory rhetoric of traditional anniversary celebrations, we have devoted this 20th anniversary issue of RIPE to contributions that critically examine the academic discipline of international political economy, focusing on our collective challenges and limitations as much as on our a…
Policy Inertia and the Persistence of Systemic Fragility
Many observers have diagnosed a fundamental shift in financial regulation since the 2008 crisis. In contrast, this article argues that changes have mostly been superficial. The ideas underpinning regulation have been adapted rather than overturned. Our financial system remains highly fragile, even if exceptionally loose monetary policy obscures such fragility temporarily. Governments show little appetite to correct the lopsided relationship betwe…
The Problem with Trade Measurement in International Relations
Trade statistics are widely used in studies and policymaking focused on economic interdependence. Yet, researchers in International Relations (IR) have largely disregarded half the data available to study trade. Bilateral trade flows are usually recorded twice: by the sending economy as an export and by the receiving one as an import. These two values should match, but discrepancies between them tend to be large and pervasive. Most studies ignore…
The statistical trilemma: Built-in Limitations of International Economic Statistics
Economic statistics are central to global economic governance. They are the informational background to the Sustainable Development Goals, conditional lending by international organizations, and other dimensions of development policy. But there is a growing chasm between aspirations for economic statistics and what they can deliver on the ground. We argue that these shortcomings are rooted in what we call a trilemma of official statistics, a gene…
The delusive economy: How information and affect colour perceptions of national economic performance
Der blinde Fleck der zweiten Moderne. Globale Finanzmärkte und die Theorie reflexiver Modernisierung
Soziale Welt is one of the important journals within German sociology and is even read in foreign countries. It includes empirical and theoretical contributions from all areas of the subject and tries to portray the development of sociology and to give a new impetus. In addition to the quarterly published issues, there are special issues with a unified theme. The journal "Soziale Welt" is aimed at sociologists, social scientists, and at generally…
Private-Public Puzzles: Inter-firm competition and transnational private regulation
Reordering the Marketplace: Competition Politics in European Finance
Over the last 15 years, Europe has seen the liberalization of national financial markets as well as the integration of these markets and their governance through the introduction of the ‘Lamfalussy process’. This article argues that we can best understand these shifts as one integrated project of market‐building in Europe, guided by distributional struggles over the terms of mutual markets access. To comprehend the complex linkages between privat…
Der blinde Fleck der zweiten Moderne. Globale Finanzmärkte und die Theorie reflexiver Modernisierung
Soziale Welt is one of the important journals within German sociology and is even read in foreign countries. It includes empirical and theoretical contributions from all areas of the subject and tries to portray the development of sociology and to give a new impetus. In addition to the quarterly published issues, there are special issues with a unified theme. The journal "Soziale Welt" is aimed at sociologists, social scientists, and at generally…
Tales of tails and dogs: Derivatives and financialization in contemporary capitalism
The article reviews the books "Capitalism With Derivatives: A Political Economy of Financial Derivatives, Capital & Class," by Dick Bryan and Michael Rafferty, "Financialization & Strategy: Narrative & Numbers," by Julie Froud, Sukhdev Johal, Adam Leaver and Karel Williams, and "An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets," by Donald MacKenzie
From Pragmatism to Dogmatism: European Union Governance, Policy Paradigms and Financial Meltdown
Contemporary analyses commonly attribute the global credit crisis to faulty regulation. What have been the roots of these deficient rules, particularly in Europe, where rapid spill-over from US markets took policy makers and observers by surprise? This article focuses on regulatory liberalism as the paradigm guiding European Union (EU) regulation. It has dominated regulatory thinking for decades, but it has been implemented throughout Europe only…
Limits of legitimacy and the primacy of politics in financial governance
What makes institutions that govern global finance legitimate? Contemporary debates, fuelled by the recent crisis, commonly draw on the concepts of input and output legitimacy to answer this question. As this article argues, however, this distinction is as difficult to apply in practice as it may be sensible in theory. Limitations in input legitimacy, which covers the inclusiveness and fairness of policy goal definition, cannot be compensated by …
The Restructuring of Capitalism in Our Time, by William Tabb: New York: Columbia University Press, 2012
For more than half a decade, the credit crisis and its aftermath have stood centre stage in much political economy debate and research. And as befits academics, the publications have followed. The
The future of international political economy: Introduction to the 20th anniversary issue of Ripe
An anniversary issue provides an inescapably inviting opportunity to reflect on the past, evaluate the present, and contemplate the future. Eschewing the self-congratulatory rhetoric of traditional anniversary celebrations, we have devoted this 20th anniversary issue of RIPE to contributions that critically examine the academic discipline of international political economy, focusing on our collective challenges and limitations as much as on our a…
The Political Economy of Europeanized Financial Regulation
Over the past two decades, the European Union has become a central actor in financial regulation and has developed complex institutions to govern financial markets. Recent scholarship has detailed the functioning of these institutions and revealed their inner dynamics. At the same time, the political economy embeddedness of financial regulation, which had inspired early research on European financial integration, has increasingly dropped out of t…
Poor Numbers: How We are Misled by African Development Statistics and What to Do About It, by Morten Jerven
You know that a book matters when it changes the way you view the world – or at least all the other books piling up on and under your desk – for good. Poor Numbers has that rare quality. It does no
Policy Inertia and the Persistence of Systemic Fragility
Many observers have diagnosed a fundamental shift in financial regulation since the 2008 crisis. In contrast, this article argues that changes have mostly been superficial. The ideas underpinning regulation have been adapted rather than overturned. Our financial system remains highly fragile, even if exceptionally loose monetary policy obscures such fragility temporarily. Governments show little appetite to correct the lopsided relationship betwe…
Europe's regulatory role in post-crisis global finance
Before the crisis, the European Union (EU) had emerged as a major force in global financial governance (GFG). The contributions to this collection examine the different dimensions of the EU's role in GFG and how they have been affected by the recent crisis. Taking a bird's eye view, this introduction offers three main arguments. First, the EU has stabilized, rather than challenged, established ideas in and approaches to GFG. Second, the EU contin…
Studying macroeconomic indicators as powerful ideas
Macroeconomic indicators - especially inflation, gross domestic product growth, public deficits and unemployment - stand central in economic governance. Policy-makers use them to assess their economies’ health. Citizens evaluate politicians’ performance using them as yardsticks. But these indicators defy simple definition, and the formulae underlying them have varied across countries and over time. Particular choices have fundamental distributive…
The regulator's conundrum. How market reflexivity limits fundamental financial reform
Financial firms’ valuation approaches are key to financial market functioning. The financial crisis exposed fundamental faults in pre-crisis practices and the regulations that bolstered them. Critics pointed to reflexivity: financial markets have no solid anchor outside of market participants’ assessments, which makes them inherently unstable. Reflexivity implies valuation techniques are performative: they shape rather than reflect risks. Critics…
The Lure of Ill-Fitting Unemployment Statistics: How South Africa’s Discouraged Work Seekers Disappeared From the Unemployment Rate
n Contains fulltext :\n 221835.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Globalization and the growing defects of international economic statistics
Official international economic statistics are generally considered accurate and meaningful gauges of cross-border flows of trade and capital. Most data users also assume that the quality of the underlying data keeps improving over time. Through an extensive review of the national accounting literature, archival research, two dozen interviews with high-level statisticians, and a series of data quality tests, we evaluate this common view for the p…
Seeing and Not-seeing Like a Political Economist: The Historicity of Contemporary Political Economy and its Blind Spots
Contemporary political economy is predicated on widely shared ideas and assumptions, some explicit but many implicit, about the past. Our aim in this Special Issue is to draw attention to, and to assess critically, these historical assumptions. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a political economy that is more attentive to the analytic assumptions on which it is premised, more aware of the potential oversights, biases, and omissions they cont…
Blind spots in IPE: Marginalized perspectives and neglected trends in contemporary capitalism
Which blind spots shape scholarship in International Political Economy (IPE)? That question animates the contributions to a double special issue—one in the Review of International Political Economy, and a companion one in New Political Economy. The global financial crisis had seemed to vindicate broad-ranging IPE perspectives at the expense of narrow economics theories. Yet the tumultuous decade since then has confronted IPE scholars with rapidly…
Economic statistics as political artefacts
Macroeconomic statistics simultaneously shape and try to capture the political economy we study. Their biases mold social and political dynamics; they also infect academic and policy analysis. Political economy can both benefit from and advance an understanding of economic statistics as political artefacts. To help unlock that potential, this article builds on scholarship dispersed across disciplines and highlights three points. First, a binary d…
The national accounting paradox: How Statistical Norms Corrode International Economic Data
The transnationalization and digitization of economic activity has undermined the quality of official economic statistics, which still center on national territories and material production. Why do we not witness more vigorous efforts to bring statistical standards in line with present-day economic realities, or admissions that precision in economic data has become increasingly illusive? The paradoxical answer, we argue, lies in the norms underpi…
The delusive economy: How information and affect colour perceptions of national economic performance
The securitization of the EU’s digital tech regulation
Regulation is a prominent tool in what Kruck and Weiss call the Regulatory Security State. Safeguarding security entails shaping tech companies' behaviour through arms-length rules, rather than wielding state capacity directly – a power shift away from state actors. As I argue, this dynamic also works in reverse: securitization of digital technology imposes security provision – a traditional state rationale – on regulatory domains hitherto domina…
The Problem with Trade Measurement in International Relations
Trade statistics are widely used in studies and policymaking focused on economic interdependence. Yet, researchers in International Relations (IR) have largely disregarded half the data available to study trade. Bilateral trade flows are usually recorded twice: by the sending economy as an export and by the receiving one as an import. These two values should match, but discrepancies between them tend to be large and pervasive. Most studies ignore…
The statistical trilemma: Built-in Limitations of International Economic Statistics
Economic statistics are central to global economic governance. They are the informational background to the Sustainable Development Goals, conditional lending by international organizations, and other dimensions of development policy. But there is a growing chasm between aspirations for economic statistics and what they can deliver on the ground. We argue that these shortcomings are rooted in what we call a trilemma of official statistics, a gene…
EU AI sovereignty: For Whom, to What End, and to Whose Benefit
EU policy emphasises the need for digital sovereignty, also in artificial intelligence (AI). But because such 'AI sovereignty' could be used for diverse and even conflicting goals, it obscures the tensions that actual EU AI strategy entails. Conceptually, this article proposes three central trade-offs: first, does AI sovereignty pit the EU against other major AI powers, or rather citizens against large tech companies? Second, is AI sovereignty me…
Economics (24 works) · Political science (22 works) · Law (17 works) · Politics (17 works) · Law (15 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Political economy (10 works) · Corporate governance (9 works) · Finance (8 works) · Global Financial Regulation and Crises (8 works)