Federico Toth
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 3893854 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Federico Toth |
| NOMBRES | Federico |
| APELLIDO | Toth |
| FIRMA | TOTH F |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Bologna |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1596-6460 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The Essence of Crisis Decision‐Making
This article explores decision‐making processes in crisis situations by proposing an interpretive framework grounded in multiple criteria of rationality. Crises, characterized by uncertainty, urgency, and ethical dilemmas, require critical choices that go beyond standard procedures. To investigate the dynamics that unfold in crisis decision‐making, the study examines the management of the 2023 floods in Ravenna, focusing on the controversial deci…
Policies for supporting caregivers of older adults with long-term care needs in EU countries
In the context of population ageing, increasing long-term care needs and constraints on welfare spending, informal caregivers assume a pivotal role as providers of long-term care. This systematic review synthesises reported data on the diverse support policies implemented across the European Union (EU) to assist them. Findings from 35 studies and reports published between 2011 and 2025 suggest that, despite similar demographic challenges, policie…
Improving health sector coordination for resilient healthcare systems
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of integrating the concepts of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and health system resilience, emphasizing the role of coordination across sectors, which is essential for ensuring that systems can respond effectively to public health threats and manage resources efficiently. This paper aims to summarize the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic among European Union Member Stat…
Why policies succeed or fail
This article takes stock of the literature on policy success and policy failure. The huge amount of studies on the subject does not provide a clear and agreed answer to the question: what determines the success or failure of a policy?The paper attempts to answer this question by introducing the analytical scheme of the 'policy pentagram'. The proposed framework conceives of public policies as consisting of five basic components: 1) policy goals; …
Not one crisis, but many. The “crisis cube” and the politics of governing crises
This article examines the relationship between different types of crises and the political strategies employed to govern them. Drawing on crisis management literature, it introduces a novel heuristic typology—the “crisis cube”—grounded in three analytical dimensions: time, space, and intentionality. Although often treated as objective characteristics, these dimensions are politically constructed and strategically interpreted by crisis leaders. Th…
Hamas's October 7 Attack
The aim of the article is to interpret the Hamas attack of October 7, 2023 in light of crisis management theories, seeking to draw from this event some general lessons about the nature of crises, their determinants, and how they are managed. More specifically, the article addresses three questions: (1) Why did Israel underestimate the warning signs and fail to prevent the attack? (2) What decision‐making logic did the Israeli government adopt in …
Pneumococcal vaccine uptake among high-risk adults and children in Italy
Pneumococcal vaccination uptake within prioritized groups and children in Italy remains inadequate. Scarce awareness of vaccine availability and obstacles in accessing vaccinations emerge as principal barriers influencing this scenario
Health policy under the microscope
The comparative study of health policy has focused mainly on the macro-structural dimensions of health systems and reforms that have sought to change these organizational arrangements. Thus, a great deal of attention has been paid to the multiple models of insurance against sickness risks and various modes of organizing and financing healthcare providers. However, little attention has been paid to policy tools and policy design in the health poli…
The politics of Covid-19 experts
This article analyzes the “politics of experts”—or the struggle between scientific advisers to gain visibility and influence—in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the UK. Modifying classic studies of policy communities of interest groups and civil servants, we classify relevant policy experts in the two countries into the following categories: “core insiders,” “specialist insiders,” “peripheral insiders,” and “outsiders.” With…
Climbing the 'ladder of intrusiveness
In all Western countries, the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 encountered some resistance. To overcome vaccine inertia and hesitancy, governments have used a variety of strategies and policy instruments. These instruments can be placed on a 'ladder of intrusiveness', starting from voluntary tools based on simple information and persuasion, through material incentives and disincentives of varying nature and magnitude, to highly coercive tool…
A new typology for comparing scientific advisory committees. Evidence from the Italian response to the Covid ‐19 pandemic
The study of scientific advisory committees (SACs) is a recurrent topic of research in public policy and public administration. Scholars are increasingly interested in analyzing the scientization of policy advice as well as the role played by knowledge‐based policymaking processes. Despite recent developments in the field, SACs studies continue to face an analytical and empirical gap due to the lack of parsimonious conceptualizations of the chara…
Trajectories of Governance
Thinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning
Policies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted…
Trajectories of Governance
Comparative Health Systems
The standard classifications of health systems don't allow for the complexity and variety that exists around the world. Federico Toth sets out a new framework for understanding the many ways in which health systems can be organized and systematically analyses the health systems chosen by 27 OECD countries. He provides a great deal of up-to-date data on financing models, healthcare spending, insurance coverage, methods of organizing providers, hea…
The 2017 Italian reform on mandatory childhood vaccinations
BACKGROUND: The data on vaccination coverage for the year 2016 were a cause of concern for the Italian government. For some years, in fact, there has been a growing mistrust of vaccines in the Italy, and consequently vaccination coverage rates have been decreasing. The number of cases of measles has been particularly high. AIM: The purpose of this article is to examine the content and the preliminary outcomes of the Lorenzin Decree, which was pas…
How the health services of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Covid-19 emergency
The article analyses how the regional health serevices of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Coronavirus emergency in the initial months of 2020. For each region, it is identified who was in charge, what role was attributed to experts, what emergency structures were set up. \nParticular attention is paid to the ways in which the regions interacted with the national government, the ability to frame the problem, the promptness with whi…
How policy tools evolve in the healthcare sector. Five countries compared
The aim of this work is to investigate which policy tools are used in the governance of the healthcare sector. In particular, we compare the healthcare systems of five OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, England and the Netherlands. The analysis intends to reconstruct the healthcare governance methods implemented in these countries, and understand how they have evolved over the last thirty years. Throughout this work, policy tools are sub…
Comparative Health Systems
Reducing waiting times in the Italian NHS
In 2015, the Emilia‐Romagna Regional Government implemented a plan to reduce waiting times for elective outpatient procedures. The objective set by the regional government establishes that at least 90 per cent of specialist services are to be provided within the following maximum waiting times: 30 days for the first specialist consultation, and 60 days for diagnostic tests. The plan adopted by the Emilia‐Romagna Regional Government is of particul…
Prevalence and Generosity of Health Insurance Coverage
The concept of health insurance coverage can be resolved into two different components: “prevalence” (who is insured) and “generosity” (what is guaranteed) of the insurance. This article first provides data on the prevalence of health insurance, whether public or private, in the EU member countries. Residents in EU countries without primary health insurance currently amount to 7.7 million (corresponding to 1.5 per cent of the population). To appr…
Like Surfers Waiting for the Big Wave
This article focuses on the main health reforms enacted in Italy over the past one hundred years. Such reforms were all undertaken in conjunction with a severe political and institutional crisis. The 1943 reform was approved a few weeks before the fall of the Fascist regime. The National Health Service, established by Law No. 833 of 1978 and enacted during one of the most turbulent times in the history of the country, represented the apex of the …
Sovereigns under Siege. How the medical profession is changing in Italy
The choice of healthcare models
This article discusses the main hypotheses generated within the strand of research that focuses on health politics. These hypotheses are subjected to a brief empirical test, presenting data from 15 OECD countries. There seems to be a correspondence between the healthcare models adopted in different national contexts and the ideological orientation of the governments that have instituted them. Most laws instituting a system of social health insura…
Is there a Southern European Healthcare Model
Is there a typically Southern European model of health care? To answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese health systems: it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive. For this reason I compare these Southern European countries with other western European countries, in particular those which, like the southern countries, have adopted a national health s…
Thinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning
Policies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted…
A new typology for comparing scientific advisory committees. Evidence from the Italian response to the Covid ‐19 pandemic
The study of scientific advisory committees (SACs) is a recurrent topic of research in public policy and public administration. Scholars are increasingly interested in analyzing the scientization of policy advice as well as the role played by knowledge‐based policymaking processes. Despite recent developments in the field, SACs studies continue to face an analytical and empirical gap due to the lack of parsimonious conceptualizations of the chara…
Is there a Southern European Healthcare Model
Is there a typically Southern European model of health care? To answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese health systems: it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive. For this reason I compare these Southern European countries with other western European countries, in particular those which, like the southern countries, have adopted a national health s…
Sovereigns under Siege. How the medical profession is changing in Italy
The politics of Covid-19 experts
This article analyzes the “politics of experts”—or the struggle between scientific advisers to gain visibility and influence—in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the UK. Modifying classic studies of policy communities of interest groups and civil servants, we classify relevant policy experts in the two countries into the following categories: “core insiders,” “specialist insiders,” “peripheral insiders,” and “outsiders.” With…
Climbing the 'ladder of intrusiveness
In all Western countries, the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 encountered some resistance. To overcome vaccine inertia and hesitancy, governments have used a variety of strategies and policy instruments. These instruments can be placed on a 'ladder of intrusiveness', starting from voluntary tools based on simple information and persuasion, through material incentives and disincentives of varying nature and magnitude, to highly coercive tool…
How the health services of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Covid-19 emergency
The article analyses how the regional health serevices of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Coronavirus emergency in the initial months of 2020. For each region, it is identified who was in charge, what role was attributed to experts, what emergency structures were set up. \nParticular attention is paid to the ways in which the regions interacted with the national government, the ability to frame the problem, the promptness with whi…
The choice of healthcare models
This article discusses the main hypotheses generated within the strand of research that focuses on health politics. These hypotheses are subjected to a brief empirical test, presenting data from 15 OECD countries. There seems to be a correspondence between the healthcare models adopted in different national contexts and the ideological orientation of the governments that have instituted them. Most laws instituting a system of social health insura…
Prevalence and Generosity of Health Insurance Coverage
The concept of health insurance coverage can be resolved into two different components: “prevalence” (who is insured) and “generosity” (what is guaranteed) of the insurance. This article first provides data on the prevalence of health insurance, whether public or private, in the EU member countries. Residents in EU countries without primary health insurance currently amount to 7.7 million (corresponding to 1.5 per cent of the population). To appr…
Is there a Southern European Healthcare Model
Is there a typically Southern European model of health care? To answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese health systems: it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive. For this reason I compare these Southern European countries with other western European countries, in particular those which, like the southern countries, have adopted a national health s…
The choice of healthcare models
This article discusses the main hypotheses generated within the strand of research that focuses on health politics. These hypotheses are subjected to a brief empirical test, presenting data from 15 OECD countries. There seems to be a correspondence between the healthcare models adopted in different national contexts and the ideological orientation of the governments that have instituted them. Most laws instituting a system of social health insura…
Like Surfers Waiting for the Big Wave
This article focuses on the main health reforms enacted in Italy over the past one hundred years. Such reforms were all undertaken in conjunction with a severe political and institutional crisis. The 1943 reform was approved a few weeks before the fall of the Fascist regime. The National Health Service, established by Law No. 833 of 1978 and enacted during one of the most turbulent times in the history of the country, represented the apex of the …
Sovereigns under Siege. How the medical profession is changing in Italy
Prevalence and Generosity of Health Insurance Coverage
The concept of health insurance coverage can be resolved into two different components: “prevalence” (who is insured) and “generosity” (what is guaranteed) of the insurance. This article first provides data on the prevalence of health insurance, whether public or private, in the EU member countries. Residents in EU countries without primary health insurance currently amount to 7.7 million (corresponding to 1.5 per cent of the population). To appr…
Reducing waiting times in the Italian NHS
In 2015, the Emilia‐Romagna Regional Government implemented a plan to reduce waiting times for elective outpatient procedures. The objective set by the regional government establishes that at least 90 per cent of specialist services are to be provided within the following maximum waiting times: 30 days for the first specialist consultation, and 60 days for diagnostic tests. The plan adopted by the Emilia‐Romagna Regional Government is of particul…
Comparative Health Systems
The standard classifications of health systems don't allow for the complexity and variety that exists around the world. Federico Toth sets out a new framework for understanding the many ways in which health systems can be organized and systematically analyses the health systems chosen by 27 OECD countries. He provides a great deal of up-to-date data on financing models, healthcare spending, insurance coverage, methods of organizing providers, hea…
The 2017 Italian reform on mandatory childhood vaccinations
BACKGROUND: The data on vaccination coverage for the year 2016 were a cause of concern for the Italian government. For some years, in fact, there has been a growing mistrust of vaccines in the Italy, and consequently vaccination coverage rates have been decreasing. The number of cases of measles has been particularly high. AIM: The purpose of this article is to examine the content and the preliminary outcomes of the Lorenzin Decree, which was pas…
How the health services of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Covid-19 emergency
The article analyses how the regional health serevices of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy and Veneto handled the Coronavirus emergency in the initial months of 2020. For each region, it is identified who was in charge, what role was attributed to experts, what emergency structures were set up. \nParticular attention is paid to the ways in which the regions interacted with the national government, the ability to frame the problem, the promptness with whi…
How policy tools evolve in the healthcare sector. Five countries compared
The aim of this work is to investigate which policy tools are used in the governance of the healthcare sector. In particular, we compare the healthcare systems of five OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, England and the Netherlands. The analysis intends to reconstruct the healthcare governance methods implemented in these countries, and understand how they have evolved over the last thirty years. Throughout this work, policy tools are sub…
Comparative Health Systems
Trajectories of Governance
Thinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning
Policies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted…
Trajectories of Governance
Health policy under the microscope
The comparative study of health policy has focused mainly on the macro-structural dimensions of health systems and reforms that have sought to change these organizational arrangements. Thus, a great deal of attention has been paid to the multiple models of insurance against sickness risks and various modes of organizing and financing healthcare providers. However, little attention has been paid to policy tools and policy design in the health poli…
The politics of Covid-19 experts
This article analyzes the “politics of experts”—or the struggle between scientific advisers to gain visibility and influence—in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and the UK. Modifying classic studies of policy communities of interest groups and civil servants, we classify relevant policy experts in the two countries into the following categories: “core insiders,” “specialist insiders,” “peripheral insiders,” and “outsiders.” With…
Climbing the 'ladder of intrusiveness
In all Western countries, the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 encountered some resistance. To overcome vaccine inertia and hesitancy, governments have used a variety of strategies and policy instruments. These instruments can be placed on a 'ladder of intrusiveness', starting from voluntary tools based on simple information and persuasion, through material incentives and disincentives of varying nature and magnitude, to highly coercive tool…
A new typology for comparing scientific advisory committees. Evidence from the Italian response to the Covid ‐19 pandemic
The study of scientific advisory committees (SACs) is a recurrent topic of research in public policy and public administration. Scholars are increasingly interested in analyzing the scientization of policy advice as well as the role played by knowledge‐based policymaking processes. Despite recent developments in the field, SACs studies continue to face an analytical and empirical gap due to the lack of parsimonious conceptualizations of the chara…
Pneumococcal vaccine uptake among high-risk adults and children in Italy
Pneumococcal vaccination uptake within prioritized groups and children in Italy remains inadequate. Scarce awareness of vaccine availability and obstacles in accessing vaccinations emerge as principal barriers influencing this scenario
Why policies succeed or fail
This article takes stock of the literature on policy success and policy failure. The huge amount of studies on the subject does not provide a clear and agreed answer to the question: what determines the success or failure of a policy?The paper attempts to answer this question by introducing the analytical scheme of the 'policy pentagram'. The proposed framework conceives of public policies as consisting of five basic components: 1) policy goals; …
Not one crisis, but many. The “crisis cube” and the politics of governing crises
This article examines the relationship between different types of crises and the political strategies employed to govern them. Drawing on crisis management literature, it introduces a novel heuristic typology—the “crisis cube”—grounded in three analytical dimensions: time, space, and intentionality. Although often treated as objective characteristics, these dimensions are politically constructed and strategically interpreted by crisis leaders. Th…
Hamas's October 7 Attack
The aim of the article is to interpret the Hamas attack of October 7, 2023 in light of crisis management theories, seeking to draw from this event some general lessons about the nature of crises, their determinants, and how they are managed. More specifically, the article addresses three questions: (1) Why did Israel underestimate the warning signs and fail to prevent the attack? (2) What decision‐making logic did the Israeli government adopt in …
The Essence of Crisis Decision‐Making
This article explores decision‐making processes in crisis situations by proposing an interpretive framework grounded in multiple criteria of rationality. Crises, characterized by uncertainty, urgency, and ethical dilemmas, require critical choices that go beyond standard procedures. To investigate the dynamics that unfold in crisis decision‐making, the study examines the management of the 2023 floods in Ravenna, focusing on the controversial deci…
Policies for supporting caregivers of older adults with long-term care needs in EU countries
In the context of population ageing, increasing long-term care needs and constraints on welfare spending, informal caregivers assume a pivotal role as providers of long-term care. This systematic review synthesises reported data on the diverse support policies implemented across the European Union (EU) to assist them. Findings from 35 studies and reports published between 2011 and 2025 suggest that, despite similar demographic challenges, policie…
Improving health sector coordination for resilient healthcare systems
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of integrating the concepts of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and health system resilience, emphasizing the role of coordination across sectors, which is essential for ensuring that systems can respond effectively to public health threats and manage resources efficiently. This paper aims to summarize the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic among European Union Member Stat…
Political science (15 obras) · Economics (12 obras) · Business (11 obras) · Health care (9 obras) · Economic growth (8 obras) · Medicine (8 obras) · Law (7 obras) · Healthcare Policy and Management (6 obras) · Law (6 obras) · Politics (6 obras)