J R Lukacs
Biographic Data
| ID | 38984 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J R Lukacs |
| GIVEN NAMES | J R |
| FAMILY NAME | Lukacs |
| SIGNATURE | LUKACS J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oregon |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2541-7270 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1007 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
In Memoriam: Brian E. Hemphill (1959-2023)
Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity by Pratik Chakrabarti
Reviewed by: Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity by Pratik Chakrabarti John R. Lukacs Inscriptions of Nature: Geology and the Naturalization of Antiquity. Pratik Chakrabarti. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020. i–xii + 263 pp., 18 halftone figures, notes, bibliography, index. Hardcover $54.95, ISBN 9781421438740. Inscriptions of Nature will appeal to diverse readers from a wide range of academic discip…
Sexual dimorphism in deciduous tooth crown size: Variability within and between groups
Sexual dimorphism in crown size is lower and more variably expressed than in permanent teeth. Differences may relate to developmental, chromosomal, and hormonal factors. Degree of sexual dimorphism is not associated with ethnicity in this global sample
Deciduous dental variation in Chalcolithic India: Methods, metrics and meaning
). While the apportionment of crown area to incisor and molar tooth classes differed, in overall size (total crown area) both sites are intermediate when compared with prehistoric and living groups from South, Southeast and East Asia. The well documented trend in reduction of permanent tooth size is paralleled by reduction in deciduous tooth size in South Asian prehistory.
Mesiodens' in India: A Brief Review of Hyperdontia with New Frequency Data for Castes and Tribes of South Asia
Mesolithic Hunters and Foragers on the Gangetic Plain: A Summary of Current Research in Dental Anthropology
Dental adaptations of Bronze Age Harappans: Occlusal wear, crown size, and dental pathology
From the mouth of a child: Dental attributes and health status during childhood in Mesolithic India
A complete deciduous dentition was excavated from the Mesolithic site of Damdama (8800– 8600 BC) in the Gangetic Plain of north India. The site yielded remains of 47 individuals, including one child specimen 3.0–3.5 years of age, in association with an aceramic, microlithic technology and a seminomadic foraging pattern. Because sub-adult dental remains from Mesolithic contexts are very rare in South Asia, this specimen yields critical insight int…
Stature in Holocene foragers of North India
The Ganga Plain of North India provides an archaeological and skeletal record of semi‐nomadic Holocene foragers in association with an aceramic Mesolithic culture. Prior estimates of stature for Mesolithic Lake Cultures (MLC) used inappropriate equations from an American White reference group and need revision. Attention is given to intralimb body proportions and geo‐climatic provenance of MLC series in considering the most suitable reference pop…
Dental morphology of early Holocene foragers of North India: Non-metric trait frequencies and biological affinities
Cementum annulations, age estimation, and demographic dynamics in Mid-Holocene foragers of North India
Gender differences in oral health in South Asia: Metadata imply multifactorial biological and cultural causes
Markers of physiological stress in juvenile bonobos ( Pan paniscus ): Are enamel hypoplasia, skeletal development and tooth size interrelated
A reduction in enamel thickness due to disrupted amelogenesis is referred to as enamel hypoplasia (EH). Linear EH in permanent teeth is a widely accepted marker of systemic physiological stress. An enigmatic, nonlinear form of EH commonly manifest in great ape and human deciduous canines (dc) is known as localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC). The etiology of LHPC and what it signifies—localized traumatic or systemic physiological stress—…
Talon cusp in Malay primary teeth: Expression, Frequency, Covariates and Treatment Needs
The expression and frequency of a morphological variant of maxillary anterior teeth known as the ‘talon cusp’ is reported in a sample of 142 Malay schoolchildren from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The trait exhibits variable and unilateral expression in the maxillary right lateral incisors of three children, yielding a frequency of 2.1%. Trait expression was graded in nature with males exhibiting larger talon cusps (Type 1, full talon; and Type 2, large…
Fertility and Agriculture Accentuate Sex Differences in Dental Caries Rates
The transition from foraging to farming is associated with a widespread and well‐documented decline in oral health, wherein women experience a more rapid and dramatic decline than men. Historically, anthropologists have attributed this difference to behavioral factors such as sexual division of labor and gender‐based dietary preferences. However, the clinical and epidemiological literature on caries prevalence reveals a ubiquitous pattern of wors…
Dental trauma and antemortem tooth loss in prehistoric Canary Islanders: Prevalence and Contributing Factors
Differential diagnosis of the aetiology of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) may yield important insights regarding patterns of behaviour in prehistoric peoples. Variation in the consistency of food due to its toughness and to food preparation methods is a primary factor in AMTL, with dental wear or caries a significant precipitating factor. Nutritional deficiency diseases, dental ablation for aesthetic or ritual reasons, and traumatic injury may also…
Explaining sex differences in dental caries prevalence: Saliva, hormones, and “life‐history” etiologies
When dental caries rates are reported by sex, females are typically found to exhibit higher prevalence rates than males. This finding is generally true for diverse cultures with different subsistence systems and for a wide range of chronological periods. Exceptions exist, but are not common. In this paper, we present new data for sex differences in dental caries rates among the Guanches (Tenerife, Canary Islands), summarize results of meta‐analys…
Skeletal Variation among Mesolithic People of the Ganga Plains: New Evidence of Habitual Activity and Adaptation to Climate
Rethinking new perspectives in South Asian archaeology necessitates wider appreciation for insights derived from the bioarchaeological analysis of prehistoric human skeletons. Since the 1970s, Mesolithic sites near Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) have yielded abundant well-preserved human skeletons permitting a bioarchaeological approach to past life-ways. Prior research on human remains from Sarai Nahar Rai and Mahadaha is supplemented by this analysi…
Hunting and gathering strategies in prehistoric India: A biocultural perspective on trade and subsistence
Hunter-gatherers, trade and subsistence: introductory models The vital role of trade to the origin and florescence of early civilizations is a topic of considerable interest to prehistorians (Algaze 1993). The analysis of Harappan trade networks is often sub-divided into internal systems of distribution and external trade contacts. The significance of Harappan long-distance trade, the items exchanged, and the mechanics of interaction are topics o…
Lingual cortical mandibular defects (Stafne's defect): An anthropological approach based on prehistoric skeletons from the Canary Islands
While posterior lingual mandibular depressions (Stafne's defect) are often discussed in clinical reports, they are rarely the subject of anthropological research. This situation is paradoxical since osteologists and skeletal biologists are in a position to enhance understanding of the trait's aetiology by systematically recording the trait in recent and prehistoric skeletal collections. This report reviews anthropological studies of cortical defe…
Canary islands-north African population affinities: Measures of divergence based on dental morphology
Epidemiology of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth: Explaining variation in prevalence in western india
This study is based on seven samples of school children (n = 516) from rural (five groups) and urban (two groups) settings in western Maharashtra, India. Height and weight were recorded for each subject. Intra-oral observation of the labial surface of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was conducted with a low power (3x) illuminated hand lens. Presence of enamel hypoplasia was recorded on a dental chart by drawing the size and location of th…
Enamel Hypoplasia and Childhood Stress in Prehistory: New Data from India and Southwest Asia
Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes: Variation in prevalence and timing of defects
The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes has the potential to reveal episodes of physiological stress in early stages of ontogenetic development. However, little is known about enamel defects of deciduous teeth in great apes. Unresolved questions addressed in this study are: Do hypoplastic enamel defects occur with equal frequency in different groups of great apes? Are enamel hypoplasias more prevalent in the decid…
Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of early Miocene catarrhines: Evidence of Perinatal Physiological Stress
The Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples [and Comments and Reply]
Dental paleopathology and agricultural intensification in South Asia: New evidence from Bronze Age Harappa
Patterns of dental disease among Bronze Age people of the Indus Valley Civilization are currently based on early and incomplete reports by non‐specialists. This deficiency precludes accurate diachronic analysis of dental disease and its relationship with increasing agriculturalism in the Indian subcontinent. The objective of this paper is to document prevalence of dental disease at Harappa (2500–2000 B.C.), Punjab Province, Pakistan, comparativel…
Fertility and Agriculture Accentuate Sex Differences in Dental Caries Rates
The transition from foraging to farming is associated with a widespread and well‐documented decline in oral health, wherein women experience a more rapid and dramatic decline than men. Historically, anthropologists have attributed this difference to behavioral factors such as sexual division of labor and gender‐based dietary preferences. However, the clinical and epidemiological literature on caries prevalence reveals a ubiquitous pattern of wors…
Sex Differences in Dental Caries Rates With the Origin of Agriculture in South Asia
Mesolithic Subsistence in North India: Inferences from Dental Attributes
Activity‐induced patterns of dental abrasion in prehistoric Pakistan: Evidence from Mehrgarh and Harappa
A detailed investigation of worn teeth should reveal a record of past activity patterns including information regarding diet, food preparation methods, and craft or occupational activities. Anthropological studies of the extensive dental samples from Neolithic (MR 3) and Chalcolithic (MR 2) levels at Mehrgarh, Baluchistan, and Bronze Age Harappa, Punjab, yielded several interesting examples of unusual dental abrasion. This paper provides macro‐ a…
On Hunter-Gatherers and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric India: Contact and Pathology
Dental trauma and antemortem tooth loss in prehistoric Canary Islanders: Prevalence and Contributing Factors
Differential diagnosis of the aetiology of antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) may yield important insights regarding patterns of behaviour in prehistoric peoples. Variation in the consistency of food due to its toughness and to food preparation methods is a primary factor in AMTL, with dental wear or caries a significant precipitating factor. Nutritional deficiency diseases, dental ablation for aesthetic or ritual reasons, and traumatic injury may also…
Tooth Size Variation in Prehistoric India
Permanent dental crown dimensions are largely unknown for living and prehistoric populations of South Asia. This paper describes permanent tooth crown measurements and indices for the Late Chalcolithic skeletal series from Inamgaon (1700‐700 B.C.) in western India. These data are compared with tooth size data for prehistoric populations in India and both living and prehistoric populations outside the South Asian subcontinent. In summed cross‐sect…
Physiological Stress in Prehistoric India: New Data on Localized Hypoplasia of Primary Canines Linked to Climate and Subsistence Change
Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes: Variation in prevalence and timing of defects
The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes has the potential to reveal episodes of physiological stress in early stages of ontogenetic development. However, little is known about enamel defects of deciduous teeth in great apes. Unresolved questions addressed in this study are: Do hypoplastic enamel defects occur with equal frequency in different groups of great apes? Are enamel hypoplasias more prevalent in the decid…
Skeletal Variation among Mesolithic People of the Ganga Plains: New Evidence of Habitual Activity and Adaptation to Climate
Rethinking new perspectives in South Asian archaeology necessitates wider appreciation for insights derived from the bioarchaeological analysis of prehistoric human skeletons. Since the 1970s, Mesolithic sites near Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) have yielded abundant well-preserved human skeletons permitting a bioarchaeological approach to past life-ways. Prior research on human remains from Sarai Nahar Rai and Mahadaha is supplemented by this analysi…
Enamel Hypoplasia and Childhood Stress in Prehistory: New Data from India and Southwest Asia
Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of early Miocene catarrhines: Evidence of Perinatal Physiological Stress
Traumatic injuries of prehistoric teeth: New evidence from Baluchistan and Punjab Provinces, Pakistan
Traumatic lesions of the dentition are rarely reported, while skeletal trauma constitutes a significant portion of the paleopathology literature. The purpose of this paper is to show how meticulous analysis of traumatic dental lesions can provide insights into patterns of behavior in prehistory. Two cases of dental trauma from prehistoric Pakistan illustrate some crucial problems in diagnosing the etiology of traumatic lesions. Bio-behavioral ins…
Deciduous dental morphology and the biological affinities of a late Chalcolithic skeletal series from western India
Morphological variations of the dental crown and roots provide valuable data for determining the genetic affinities and evolutionary adaptedness of prehistoric human skeletal populations. This paper documents morphological variations of a sample of deciduous teeth from the late Chalcolithic farming village of Inamgaon (1600–700 B.C.) in western India. Hanihara's (1963) grading system of deciduous dental traits was employed in assessing the degree…
Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth of prehistoric and living populations of Western India
Deciduous tooth crown dimensions are poorly known for the people of South Asia. This contribution describes dental crown dimensions of two prehistoric and one living population from the northwestern region of the subcontinent
Human Dental Remains From Early Neolithic Levels at Mehrgarh, Baluchistan
The People of South Asia: The Biological Anthropology of India, Pakistan and Nepal
Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth from prehistoric India
Mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters are presented for deciduous teeth from the important Chalcolithic site of Inamgaon (1400–700 B.C.), a prehistoric farming community on the Deccan Plateau of western India. The deciduous teeth from Inamgaon are consistently larger than deciduous teeth of modern populations of European descent and smaller than the deciduous teeth of modern Australian aboriginals. Comparative data for prehistoric deciduous…
Markers of physiological stress in juvenile bonobos ( Pan paniscus ): Are enamel hypoplasia, skeletal development and tooth size interrelated
A reduction in enamel thickness due to disrupted amelogenesis is referred to as enamel hypoplasia (EH). Linear EH in permanent teeth is a widely accepted marker of systemic physiological stress. An enigmatic, nonlinear form of EH commonly manifest in great ape and human deciduous canines (dc) is known as localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC). The etiology of LHPC and what it signifies—localized traumatic or systemic physiological stress—…
Mesolithic Hunters and Foragers on the Gangetic Plain: A Summary of Current Research in Dental Anthropology
Ethnic identity, biological history and dental morphology: Evaluating the indigenous status of Maharashtra's Mahars
The idea of indigenous people in South Asia is more complex than elsewhere, in part because it involves longstanding and intimate contact between ‘tribal’ and non-tribal peoples (Béteille 1998; Gardner 1985; Lukacs in press). Additional complications arise from the hierarchal and endogamous structure of Hindu social and ritual organization, including the plight of people who occupy the lowest stratum of the hierarchy — ‘untouchables’ (Charsley 19…
From the mouth of a child: Dental attributes and health status during childhood in Mesolithic India
A complete deciduous dentition was excavated from the Mesolithic site of Damdama (8800– 8600 BC) in the Gangetic Plain of north India. The site yielded remains of 47 individuals, including one child specimen 3.0–3.5 years of age, in association with an aceramic, microlithic technology and a seminomadic foraging pattern. Because sub-adult dental remains from Mesolithic contexts are very rare in South Asia, this specimen yields critical insight int…
Stature in Holocene foragers of North India
The Ganga Plain of North India provides an archaeological and skeletal record of semi‐nomadic Holocene foragers in association with an aceramic Mesolithic culture. Prior estimates of stature for Mesolithic Lake Cultures (MLC) used inappropriate equations from an American White reference group and need revision. Attention is given to intralimb body proportions and geo‐climatic provenance of MLC series in considering the most suitable reference pop…
Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth from prehistoric India
Mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters are presented for deciduous teeth from the important Chalcolithic site of Inamgaon (1400–700 B.C.), a prehistoric farming community on the Deccan Plateau of western India. The deciduous teeth from Inamgaon are consistently larger than deciduous teeth of modern populations of European descent and smaller than the deciduous teeth of modern Australian aboriginals. Comparative data for prehistoric deciduous…
Paleontology and Paleoenvironments . Brian J. Skinner
American AnthropologistVolume 84, Issue 3 p. 738-739 Free Access Paleontology and Paleoenvironments. Brian J. Skinner. John R. Lukacs, John R. Lukacs University of OregonSearch for more papers by this author John R. Lukacs, John R. Lukacs University of OregonSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1982 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1982.84.3.02a00870AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give …
Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth of prehistoric and living populations of Western India
Deciduous tooth crown dimensions are poorly known for the people of South Asia. This contribution describes dental crown dimensions of two prehistoric and one living population from the northwestern region of the subcontinent
Physical: Teeth: Form, Function and Evolution . Bjorn Kurten , ed
Human Dental Remains From Early Neolithic Levels at Mehrgarh, Baluchistan
Dental Anthropology of South Asian Populations: A Review
Paleodemography at Inamgaon: An Early Farming Village in Western India
Deciduous dental morphology and the biological affinities of a late Chalcolithic skeletal series from western India
Morphological variations of the dental crown and roots provide valuable data for determining the genetic affinities and evolutionary adaptedness of prehistoric human skeletal populations. This paper documents morphological variations of a sample of deciduous teeth from the late Chalcolithic farming village of Inamgaon (1600–700 B.C.) in western India. Hanihara's (1963) grading system of deciduous dental traits was employed in assessing the degree…
Tooth Size Variation in Prehistoric India
Permanent dental crown dimensions are largely unknown for living and prehistoric populations of South Asia. This paper describes permanent tooth crown measurements and indices for the Late Chalcolithic skeletal series from Inamgaon (1700‐700 B.C.) in western India. These data are compared with tooth size data for prehistoric populations in India and both living and prehistoric populations outside the South Asian subcontinent. In summed cross‐sect…
The People of South Asia: The Biological Anthropology of India, Pakistan and Nepal
Biological relationships derived from morphology of permanent teeth: Recent evidence from prehistoric India
Morphological variation in permanent teeth of prehistoric populations yields clues to their relationships with other prehistoric and living people. This paper documents variation in fourteen variants of the permanent tooth crown for the late Chalcolithic skeletal series from Inamgaon (1600-700 BC), an early farming settlement in western India. In comparison of the dental morphology profile at Inamgaon with American Indians and American Whites, th…
Activity‐induced patterns of dental abrasion in prehistoric Pakistan: Evidence from Mehrgarh and Harappa
A detailed investigation of worn teeth should reveal a record of past activity patterns including information regarding diet, food preparation methods, and craft or occupational activities. Anthropological studies of the extensive dental samples from Neolithic (MR 3) and Chalcolithic (MR 2) levels at Mehrgarh, Baluchistan, and Bronze Age Harappa, Punjab, yielded several interesting examples of unusual dental abrasion. This paper provides macro‐ a…
Traumatic injuries of prehistoric teeth: New evidence from Baluchistan and Punjab Provinces, Pakistan
Traumatic lesions of the dentition are rarely reported, while skeletal trauma constitutes a significant portion of the paleopathology literature. The purpose of this paper is to show how meticulous analysis of traumatic dental lesions can provide insights into patterns of behavior in prehistory. Two cases of dental trauma from prehistoric Pakistan illustrate some crucial problems in diagnosing the etiology of traumatic lesions. Bio-behavioral ins…
On Hunter-Gatherers and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric India: Contact and Pathology
Current perspectives on human evolution: Reaffirming the singular value of fossil evidence
Andrew, Peter, and Jens Lorenz Franzen, eds. The Early Evolution of Man with Special Emphasis on Southeast Asia and Africa. Frankfurt: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, No. 69, 1984. 277 pp. including chapter references. Price unknown, paper. Delson, Eric, ed. Ancestors: The Hard Evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1985. xii + 366 pp. including chapter references and index. $49.50 doth. Smith, Fred H., and Frank Spencer, eds. The Origins of M…
Dental paleopathology and agricultural intensification in South Asia: New evidence from Bronze Age Harappa
Patterns of dental disease among Bronze Age people of the Indus Valley Civilization are currently based on early and incomplete reports by non‐specialists. This deficiency precludes accurate diachronic analysis of dental disease and its relationship with increasing agriculturalism in the Indian subcontinent. The objective of this paper is to document prevalence of dental disease at Harappa (2500–2000 B.C.), Punjab Province, Pakistan, comparativel…
The Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples [and Comments and Reply]
Mesolithic Subsistence in North India: Inferences from Dental Attributes
Scaphocephaly in a Prehistoric Skeleton from Harappa, Pakistan
Irregularities of cranial suture closure resulting in scaphocephaly are documented for a number of prehistoric and historic human populations of the eastern and western hemispheres, but what may be the first recorded case from southern Asia appeared during the 1987 archaeological field season at the Indus Valley Civilization site of Harappa, Pakistan. The female specimen with this condition also exhibits indicators of developmental abnormalities …
Long Bone Growth in Infants and Children: Assessment of Nutritional Status
Long Bone Growth in Infants and Children: Assessment of Nutritional Status
Sex Differences in Dental Caries Rates With the Origin of Agriculture in South Asia
Preferential expression of linear enamel hypoplasia on the sectorial premolars of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Preferential expression of linear enamel hypoplasia on the sectorial premolars of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Three hundred and sixty rhesus macaque specimens at the Caribbean Primate Research Center were examined for evidence of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH). A previously unreported intertooth pattern in LEH was observed. Defects occur preferentially on the sectorial premolar of both males and females. Relative to other teeth, the sectorial premolar exhibits more prominent defects and is more likely to exhibit multiple defects. This pattern is unlike t…
Physiological Stress in Prehistoric India: New Data on Localized Hypoplasia of Primary Canines Linked to Climate and Subsistence Change
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (42 works) · Dentistry (33 works) · Geography (33 works) · Medicine (33 works) · Biology (32 works) · Archaeology (31 works) · Prehistory (16 works) · dental development and anomalies (15 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Demography (13 works)