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E N Badmaeva

Biographic Data

ID39112
NAMEE N Badmaeva
GIVEN NAMESE N
FAMILY NAMEBadmaeva
SIGNATUREBADMAEVA E N
AFFILIATIONSKalmyk State University
ORCID0000-0002-4472-5535
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS26
TOTAL CITATIONS0
AUTHOR COUNT26
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2013
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX0
  • The Policy of the Main Directorate of State Stud Farming in the Kalmyk Steppe (1884–1886)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Irina Muchaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2026

  • Pastoral Livestock Farming in Southern Regions of Russia under Natural and Climatic Conditions of “Black Earth” of Kalmykia in 1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2025

    The relevance of analyzing the historical experience of livestock development on migratory pastures in Southern Russia during the 1930s stems from the fact that agriculture is currently one of the most vital sectors of the country’s economy. The unique livestock products of Kalmykia, shaped by the unprecedented experiences of the 1930s in raising hardy animals capable of enduring harsh conditions such as lack of shelter, feed shortages, and poor-…

  • Chernye Zemli

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, B A Erdneeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2024

    The study of the history of the country’s agriculture and its main branches in the prewar years is of great interest to historians, social and political scientists, which, in turn, is due to a number of socio-political factors. It was in the 1930s that the USSR finally became a country of victorious socialism, where industrialisation was accelerated and the course of collectivisation of agriculture was implemented. The process of transformation o…

  • Cotton Growing in Kalmykia and Southern Regions of Russia in the Pre-War Years

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2024

    Cotton growing is the oldest occupation in agricultural culture. Cotton is grown in many countries around the world. During tsarist times, the main cotton growing areas in Russia were Central Asia and Transcaucasia, which remained so during the Soviet era. In the 1920s, as in imperial times, cotton production in the RSFSR was carried out by individual peasant farms. In the 1930s, in connection with the beginning of the collectivization of agricul…

  • Agricultural Experimentation in Cotton Cultivation under Natural and Climatic Conditions of Southern Russia (1920s-1940s)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2024

    This article examines the intricacies of cotton production organization in Southern Russia during the 1930s. It analyzes the progression and outcomes of cotton planting and harvesting campaigns amid challenging natural and climatic conditions. A comparative analysis of cotton sowing practices in Kalmykia and Dagestan is presented. The findings indicate that non-irrigated cotton farming developed more intensively in the former region, while irriga…

  • Soviet State and Nomadic Peoples of Southern Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2024

    This study examines Soviet national policy towards nomadic peoples during the 1920s1930s, a period when the foundations of national-state building in the USSR were being laid and developed. The research focuses on a specific region — Southern Russia, one of the most multiethnic macro-regions of the country. The study investigates the implementation of socio-economic and national policies of the Soviet state in the territory of ethnic minorities s…

  • The Role of Weather and the Natural-Climate Factor in the Daily Nomadic Life of the Kalmyks in the Context of Traditional Nature Utilization

    Open Access•Ellara U Omakaeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Journal of Frontier Studies•2024

    The article is devoted to the role of the climate factor and weather in the everyday nomadic life and history of the Kalmyks, closely linked with traditional nature management. Based on the study of published and archival materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region, the State Archive of the Saratov Region, and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, the article examines the main features of the nature management system, the…

  • Animal Husbandry of Kalmykia in the Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Region and the Transition to Settlementity of the Nomad Population in the 1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2023

    The article is devoted to the study of the state of animal husbandry in Kalmykia and the problems of settling of the Kalmyk population in the 1930s. During this period, as is known, the Bolshevik government began to accelerate the process of uniting individual peasant farms into collective farms (collective farms and state farms), as well as transferring nomads to a sedentary lifestyle. In this study, the task is to analyze the main reasons that …

  • Law in the Golden Horde and Oirat States of the Middle Ages. Part 2

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2023

    .

  • Transformation of Kalmyk Dwellings during Their Transfer to Settled Life in Imperial and Soviet Periods

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, V V Batyrov•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2023

    The article examines the process of transformation of Kalmyk dwellings in the context of the transition of nomadic herders to settled life during the Imperial and Soviet periods. It is noted that felt dwelling (“kibitka”) were built for permanent family residence and had a range of useful functions: accessibility, low cost of materials (felt; with only some details made of wood), and ecological sustainability. The authors report that in the early…

  • Law in the Golden Horde and Oirat States of the Middle Ages. Part 1

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The article discusses the most important sources of Mongolian and Oirat-Kalmyk medieval law – the Great Yasa of Genghis Khan and Iki Tsaajin Bichik of 1640, which played a significant role in the formation and development of the legal system of nomadic Mongolian peoples. These two legislative monuments, in combination with other sources of law, regulated the nomadic army, organized according to a military hierarchical principle, streamlined the s…

  • Kalmyks, Nogaians and Kazakhs in the System of Transcivilizational Interaction Between the Peoples of Southern Russia and the Transboundary Caspian Region

    Open Access•E U Omakaeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The south of Russia and the transboundary Caspian region are an important geographical and historical-cultural place in the world where there were territories of nomadic civilisation. The unique geographical location at the crossroads of roads between Europe and Asia has contributed to the development of trade routes here. The natural landscape and the way nomads farmed influenced their lifestyle and mentality. The authors look at the specifics o…

  • Anthropological Microcosm of University Everyday Life in the Era of the Late Ussr (1970s–1980s)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Э У Омакаева et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The study is based on documentation of the late Soviet experience, theoretical generalization and interpretation of empirical data and archival documents. The phenomenon of a university as a set of incarnations of all members of the university community, aggregated in a certain way, is currently one of the most important scientific topics, but this issue, for all its relevance, has not yet received proper development and requires close attention …

  • Nomadism and Sedentarization of Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Second Half of Xviii– First Half of Xix Centuries

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    This study examines the history of the nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe. The chronological framework is the second half of the 18th–the first half of the 19th century, which is less studied in modern Nomad studies, including in relation to the Kalmyks, Kazakhs and Nogais. In the history of the Russian state and the nomadic peoples inhabiting it, nomadism and the transition to a settled way of life have always played a significant role. In t…

  • The Role of Kalmyk Settlers From the Russian Gubernies in the Socio-Economic Development of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region in the 1920s

    Open Access•B A Erdneeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The presented scientific study examines the history of the emergence of Kalmyks in Russian provinces and regions, their daily life outside the Kalmyk steppe, both in the imperial period and in the first post-revolutionary years. An attempt is made to analyze the many years of socio-economic experience accumulated by them during their long residence in other Russian regions, which later, after migrating and moving to the Kalmyk Autonomous Region i…

  • Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Territory and Agriculture in Kalmykia (1917-1925)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Baina Anatol'evna Erdneeva•ARTICLE•Genesis исторические исследования•2022

    The object of research is agriculture of Kalmykia in 1917-1925. The subject of the study is the development of this branch of agriculture in the specified period. The purpose of the work is to identify the influence of natural and climatic conditions of the territory on farming in the region. To this end, the article: analyzes the development of the agricultural sector of Kalmykia in the early years of Soviet power; characterizes the natural and …

  • Transformation of traditional nomadic societies of the Caspian region in the context of socio-economic policy of the Soviet state in 1920–1930

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    At the present stage, the study of nomadic formations of the past arouses unflagging interest among Russian and foreign scientists. Their research reflects the history of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia. However, it is possible to single out a rather limited number of scientific works in their subject matter and chronological framework, in which the transformation of the traditional nomadic societies of the Caspian region is considered in the…

  • Regional party elites

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    Within the framework of the presented publication, on the materials of Kalmykia, the process of the formation of the Soviet regional party-political elite in the early 1960s–late 1970s is described in detail. On the example of the image of B.B. Gorodovikov, some touches to the associative image of the son of a nomad, who rose from farm laborer to lieutenant general and leader of the Kalmyk Autonomous Republic, are considered. In the difficult per…

  • The fate of the nomadic civilization in Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    .

  • The history of nomadic societies (on the example of Kalmykia)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    Arch literature of Kalmyk historians, published in the 2000s, highlighting the problem of nomadic Kalmyk society. The author, exploring a large array of scientific works on this issue, focuses on the most visible works of national researchers on the nomadic Kalmyk society in modern and recent times. The study reveals their main positions, assessments and interpretations of the specifics and level of socio-historical development of nomads, the for…

  • Quantitative Account of the Non-Slavic Population of the South of Russia in the Second Half of the 19th century

    Open Access•Irina V Lidzieva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Journal of Frontier Studies•2021

    The Russian state continued, in relation to the non-Slavic population of its southern periphery in the XIX century, to pursue its integrative policy, the intensity of which was largely due to the geopolitical arrangement of forces in the region, as well as to the degree of stability of the local management system and the stance of the local elite. One of the important indicators of the integration of the territory into the imperial space was poss…

  • Resistance of Peoples of National Autonomies of Southern Russia (Kalmykia and Chechnya) to the Soviet Government Policy in the 1920s and 1930s

    E N Badmaeva, Oirats and Kalmyks in the Eurasian Space•ARTICLE•HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW•2020

  • Korenization in National Autonomies of Southern Russia in the 1920–1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS•ARTICLE•ORIENTAL STUDIES•2018

    Domestic historiography (both Soviet and Russian ones) has paid considerable attention to studies of the organization and functioning of multi-leveled government structures supposed to administer the huge, multiethnic and multiconfessional country. The process of national-state construction and management of national and socio-economic problems in Southern Russia during this period – especially in the North Caucasus inhabited by dozens of ethnic …

  • National Autonomies of Southern Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS•ARTICLE•Mongolian Studies•2018

    История повседневности в современной отечественной историографии, в особенности повседневность крестьянства, занимает особое место. В течение длительного времени крестьянство составляло большинство населения страны, в том числе на Юге России. В настоящей статье ставится задача исследовать социальный протест крестьян национальных автономий Юга России в 1920–1930-е гг

  • Индустриальное Развитие Калмыкии 1920–1930-X Гг

    E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute…•2014

    В статье на примере отдельно взятого региона СССР — Калмыкии — рассматривается процесс ускоренного индустриального развития, реализованный в рамках нескольких типов общественно-политических и экономических систем. Анализируя особенности и результаты индустриального развития Калмыкии 1920–1930-х годов, автор приходит к выводу о том, что данный процесс обусловил превращение региона из аграрного в аграрно-индустриальный и вместе с тем вызвал кризисн…

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  • ЖЕНЩИНЫ КАЛМЫКИИ В АКЦИЯХ ПРОТЕСТА 1930-Х Гг

    E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute…•2013

    В статье рассматривается гендерная окраска социальной истории: особенности протестов в среде женщин-калмычек, их социальная активность в период реформирования сельского хозяйства в 1930-e гг

  • Индустриальное Развитие Калмыкии 1920–1930-X Гг

    E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute…•2014

    В статье на примере отдельно взятого региона СССР — Калмыкии — рассматривается процесс ускоренного индустриального развития, реализованный в рамках нескольких типов общественно-политических и экономических систем. Анализируя особенности и результаты индустриального развития Калмыкии 1920–1930-х годов, автор приходит к выводу о том, что данный процесс обусловил превращение региона из аграрного в аграрно-индустриальный и вместе с тем вызвал кризисн…

  • Korenization in National Autonomies of Southern Russia in the 1920–1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS•ARTICLE•ORIENTAL STUDIES•2018

    Domestic historiography (both Soviet and Russian ones) has paid considerable attention to studies of the organization and functioning of multi-leveled government structures supposed to administer the huge, multiethnic and multiconfessional country. The process of national-state construction and management of national and socio-economic problems in Southern Russia during this period – especially in the North Caucasus inhabited by dozens of ethnic …

  • National Autonomies of Southern Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS•ARTICLE•Mongolian Studies•2018

    История повседневности в современной отечественной историографии, в особенности повседневность крестьянства, занимает особое место. В течение длительного времени крестьянство составляло большинство населения страны, в том числе на Юге России. В настоящей статье ставится задача исследовать социальный протест крестьян национальных автономий Юга России в 1920–1930-е гг

  • Resistance of Peoples of National Autonomies of Southern Russia (Kalmykia and Chechnya) to the Soviet Government Policy in the 1920s and 1930s

    E N Badmaeva, Oirats and Kalmyks in the Eurasian Space•ARTICLE•HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW•2020

  • Transformation of traditional nomadic societies of the Caspian region in the context of socio-economic policy of the Soviet state in 1920–1930

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    At the present stage, the study of nomadic formations of the past arouses unflagging interest among Russian and foreign scientists. Their research reflects the history of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia. However, it is possible to single out a rather limited number of scientific works in their subject matter and chronological framework, in which the transformation of the traditional nomadic societies of the Caspian region is considered in the…

  • Regional party elites

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    Within the framework of the presented publication, on the materials of Kalmykia, the process of the formation of the Soviet regional party-political elite in the early 1960s–late 1970s is described in detail. On the example of the image of B.B. Gorodovikov, some touches to the associative image of the son of a nomad, who rose from farm laborer to lieutenant general and leader of the Kalmyk Autonomous Republic, are considered. In the difficult per…

  • The fate of the nomadic civilization in Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Ellara U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    .

  • The history of nomadic societies (on the example of Kalmykia)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2021

    Arch literature of Kalmyk historians, published in the 2000s, highlighting the problem of nomadic Kalmyk society. The author, exploring a large array of scientific works on this issue, focuses on the most visible works of national researchers on the nomadic Kalmyk society in modern and recent times. The study reveals their main positions, assessments and interpretations of the specifics and level of socio-historical development of nomads, the for…

  • Quantitative Account of the Non-Slavic Population of the South of Russia in the Second Half of the 19th century

    Open Access•Irina V Lidzieva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Journal of Frontier Studies•2021

    The Russian state continued, in relation to the non-Slavic population of its southern periphery in the XIX century, to pursue its integrative policy, the intensity of which was largely due to the geopolitical arrangement of forces in the region, as well as to the degree of stability of the local management system and the stance of the local elite. One of the important indicators of the integration of the territory into the imperial space was poss…

  • Law in the Golden Horde and Oirat States of the Middle Ages. Part 1

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The article discusses the most important sources of Mongolian and Oirat-Kalmyk medieval law – the Great Yasa of Genghis Khan and Iki Tsaajin Bichik of 1640, which played a significant role in the formation and development of the legal system of nomadic Mongolian peoples. These two legislative monuments, in combination with other sources of law, regulated the nomadic army, organized according to a military hierarchical principle, streamlined the s…

  • Kalmyks, Nogaians and Kazakhs in the System of Transcivilizational Interaction Between the Peoples of Southern Russia and the Transboundary Caspian Region

    Open Access•E U Omakaeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The south of Russia and the transboundary Caspian region are an important geographical and historical-cultural place in the world where there were territories of nomadic civilisation. The unique geographical location at the crossroads of roads between Europe and Asia has contributed to the development of trade routes here. The natural landscape and the way nomads farmed influenced their lifestyle and mentality. The authors look at the specifics o…

  • Anthropological Microcosm of University Everyday Life in the Era of the Late Ussr (1970s–1980s)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Э У Омакаева et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The study is based on documentation of the late Soviet experience, theoretical generalization and interpretation of empirical data and archival documents. The phenomenon of a university as a set of incarnations of all members of the university community, aggregated in a certain way, is currently one of the most important scientific topics, but this issue, for all its relevance, has not yet received proper development and requires close attention …

  • Nomadism and Sedentarization of Eurasian Steppe Nomads in the Second Half of Xviii– First Half of Xix Centuries

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    This study examines the history of the nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppe. The chronological framework is the second half of the 18th–the first half of the 19th century, which is less studied in modern Nomad studies, including in relation to the Kalmyks, Kazakhs and Nogais. In the history of the Russian state and the nomadic peoples inhabiting it, nomadism and the transition to a settled way of life have always played a significant role. In t…

  • The Role of Kalmyk Settlers From the Russian Gubernies in the Socio-Economic Development of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region in the 1920s

    Open Access•B A Erdneeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2022

    The presented scientific study examines the history of the emergence of Kalmyks in Russian provinces and regions, their daily life outside the Kalmyk steppe, both in the imperial period and in the first post-revolutionary years. An attempt is made to analyze the many years of socio-economic experience accumulated by them during their long residence in other Russian regions, which later, after migrating and moving to the Kalmyk Autonomous Region i…

  • Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Territory and Agriculture in Kalmykia (1917-1925)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, Baina Anatol'evna Erdneeva•ARTICLE•Genesis исторические исследования•2022

    The object of research is agriculture of Kalmykia in 1917-1925. The subject of the study is the development of this branch of agriculture in the specified period. The purpose of the work is to identify the influence of natural and climatic conditions of the territory on farming in the region. To this end, the article: analyzes the development of the agricultural sector of Kalmykia in the early years of Soviet power; characterizes the natural and …

  • Animal Husbandry of Kalmykia in the Natural and Climatic Conditions of the Region and the Transition to Settlementity of the Nomad Population in the 1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2023

    The article is devoted to the study of the state of animal husbandry in Kalmykia and the problems of settling of the Kalmyk population in the 1930s. During this period, as is known, the Bolshevik government began to accelerate the process of uniting individual peasant farms into collective farms (collective farms and state farms), as well as transferring nomads to a sedentary lifestyle. In this study, the task is to analyze the main reasons that …

  • Law in the Golden Horde and Oirat States of the Middle Ages. Part 2

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, E U Omakaeva et al.•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2023

    .

  • Transformation of Kalmyk Dwellings during Their Transfer to Settled Life in Imperial and Soviet Periods

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, V V Batyrov•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2023

    The article examines the process of transformation of Kalmyk dwellings in the context of the transition of nomadic herders to settled life during the Imperial and Soviet periods. It is noted that felt dwelling (“kibitka”) were built for permanent family residence and had a range of useful functions: accessibility, low cost of materials (felt; with only some details made of wood), and ecological sustainability. The authors report that in the early…

  • Chernye Zemli

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva, B A Erdneeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2024

    The study of the history of the country’s agriculture and its main branches in the prewar years is of great interest to historians, social and political scientists, which, in turn, is due to a number of socio-political factors. It was in the 1930s that the USSR finally became a country of victorious socialism, where industrialisation was accelerated and the course of collectivisation of agriculture was implemented. The process of transformation o…

  • Cotton Growing in Kalmykia and Southern Regions of Russia in the Pre-War Years

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nomadic civilization historical…•2024

    Cotton growing is the oldest occupation in agricultural culture. Cotton is grown in many countries around the world. During tsarist times, the main cotton growing areas in Russia were Central Asia and Transcaucasia, which remained so during the Soviet era. In the 1920s, as in imperial times, cotton production in the RSFSR was carried out by individual peasant farms. In the 1930s, in connection with the beginning of the collectivization of agricul…

  • Agricultural Experimentation in Cotton Cultivation under Natural and Climatic Conditions of Southern Russia (1920s-1940s)

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2024

    This article examines the intricacies of cotton production organization in Southern Russia during the 1930s. It analyzes the progression and outcomes of cotton planting and harvesting campaigns amid challenging natural and climatic conditions. A comparative analysis of cotton sowing practices in Kalmykia and Dagestan is presented. The findings indicate that non-irrigated cotton farming developed more intensively in the former region, while irriga…

  • Soviet State and Nomadic Peoples of Southern Russia

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2024

    This study examines Soviet national policy towards nomadic peoples during the 1920s1930s, a period when the foundations of national-state building in the USSR were being laid and developed. The research focuses on a specific region — Southern Russia, one of the most multiethnic macro-regions of the country. The study investigates the implementation of socio-economic and national policies of the Soviet state in the territory of ethnic minorities s…

  • The Role of Weather and the Natural-Climate Factor in the Daily Nomadic Life of the Kalmyks in the Context of Traditional Nature Utilization

    Open Access•Ellara U Omakaeva, E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Journal of Frontier Studies•2024

    The article is devoted to the role of the climate factor and weather in the everyday nomadic life and history of the Kalmyks, closely linked with traditional nature management. Based on the study of published and archival materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region, the State Archive of the Saratov Region, and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, the article examines the main features of the nature management system, the…

  • Pastoral Livestock Farming in Southern Regions of Russia under Natural and Climatic Conditions of “Black Earth” of Kalmykia in 1930s

    Open Access•E N Badmaeva•ARTICLE•Nauchnyi Dialog•2025

    The relevance of analyzing the historical experience of livestock development on migratory pastures in Southern Russia during the 1930s stems from the fact that agriculture is currently one of the most vital sectors of the country’s economy. The unique livestock products of Kalmykia, shaped by the unprecedented experiences of the 1930s in raising hardy animals capable of enduring harsh conditions such as lack of shelter, feed shortages, and poor-…

Geography (15 works) · Archaeology (14 works) · History (11 works) · Political science (11 works) · Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends (7 works) · Ancient history (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Agriculture (5 works) · Sociopolitical Dynamics in Russia (5 works)

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