George Rust
Biographic Data
| ID | 391140 |
|---|---|
| NAME | George Rust |
| GIVEN NAMES | George |
| FAMILY NAME | Rust |
| SIGNATURE | RUST G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Morehouse School of Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9040-9744 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 81 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1933 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Occurrence of Comorbid Metabolic and Depressive Symptoms across Sociodemographic Categories in the United States
Disparities in comorbid conditions exist across socioeconomic and demographic strata. Achieving optimal and equitable health outcomes for people with these comorbidities will require "whole-person-in-context" interventions. Integrated approaches to coexisting medical, psychological, and social complexities are needed
Traversing Traditions
Preliminary results suggest that culturally relevant and patient-centered decision-making might enhance Black women's perinatal experience although further research is needed to see if these findings are generalizable to a heterogenous US Black population. Implications for childbirth educators and health care professionals include: 1) recognizing the importance of racially and professionally diverse staffing in obstetric care practices; 2) empowe…
Racial Disparities in Healthcare Utilization Among Individuals with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Comorbid Anxiety Disorder
Racial Equality in Infant Outcomes
Racial Equality in Infant Outcomes: A Call to Action Joedrecka S. Brown Speights MD, Samantha S. Goldfarb DrPH, MPH, Robert S. Levine MD, and George Rust MD, MPH Affiliation Joedrecka S. Brown Speights is with the Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee. Samantha S. Goldfarb is with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medic…
Adherence to combination antiretroviral treatment and clinical outcomes in a Medicaid sample of older HIV-infected adults
The adherence threshold for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has historically been set at 95% or greater. We examined whether different levels of cART adherence (≥95% [optimal adherence], 90-94%, 80-89%, and <80%) were associated with different clinical outcomes (emergency department visits [ED visits] and duration of hospital admission) in a sample of older (50-64 years) persons living with HIV (PLWH). Medicaid data from 29 US states (n…
Choosing Health Equity
State-Level Progress in Reducing the Black–White Infant Mortality Gap, United States, 1999–2013
Objectives. To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality. Methods. Using linked infant birth–death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black–White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained. Results. We found substantial state-level variation in …
Predictors of Mental Health Treatment Seeking and Engagement in a Community Mental Health Center
The association between combination antiretroviral adherence and Aids-defining conditions at HIV diagnosis
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has changed the clinical course of HIV. AIDS-defining conditions (ADC) are suggestive of severe or advanced disease and are a leading cause of HIV-related hospitalizations and death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the USA. Optimal adherence to cART can mitigate the impact of ADC and disease severity on the health and survivability of PLWHA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the asso…
Country of Birth and Variations in Asthma and Wheezing Prevalence, and Emergency Department Utilization in Children
Correlates of Combination Antiretroviral Adherence Among Recently Diagnosed Older HIV-Infected Adults Between 50 and 64 years
Race/Ethnicity and Health Care Communication
BACKGROUND: Although many minority patients would prefer a provider of their own race/ethnicity, the influence of this relationship on patient-provider communication remains unknown. This analysis examined the effect of patient-provider race/ethnicity concordance on patient-reported provider communication quality using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey years 2002-2012. METHODS: Ordinary least squares regressions were executed on comm…
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy impact on clinical and economic outcomes for Medicaid enrollees with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C coinfection
We examined the impact of antiretroviral treatment adherence among hepatitis C (HCV) coinfected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on survival and clinical outcomes. We analyzed Medicaid claims data from 14 southern states from 2005 to 2007, comparing survival and clinical outcomes and cost of treatment for HIV and HCV coinfected patients (N = 4115) at different levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). More than one in five p…
The Influence of Race and Comorbidity on the Timely Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Older Persons Living With HIV/Aids
Objectives. We examined whether the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) differed by race and comorbidity among older (≥ 50 years) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods. We conducted frequency and descriptive statistics analysis to characterize our sample, which we drew from 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 states. We employed univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between race,…
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Multiple Chronic Conditions Research Network
BACKGROUND: By 2030, 171 million Americans are expected to have more than one chronic condition. The cohort of individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) is growing and two thirds of healthcare costs for the US population are currently spent on the 20% of people who have MCC. OBJECTIVES: Recognizing the need for increased investment in MCC programs and research, Health and Human Services (HHS) developed the HHS Strategic Framework on MCC.…
Primary Care, Behavioral Health, and Public Health
The authors reflect on the role that collaboration between the primary care, behavioral health and public health sectors can play in reducing mental health stigma. They suggest that stigma against mental illness and substance abuse disorders contributes to poor health outcomes and is a major public health problem. They argue that a collaboration between primary care, behavioral health and public health is essential to achieve less stigmatized, mo…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Antiretroviral Treatment Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Medicaid Enrollees, 2005–2007
Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic differences in prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) treatment among 3259 HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees. Methods. We analyzed 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 southern states, comparing rates of not receiving ARVs and suboptimal versus optimal ARV therapy. Results. More than one third (37.3%) had zero claims for ARV drugs. Three quarters (73.4%) of 346 Hispanic women received no prenatal ARVs. After …
Racial Disparities in Economic and Clinical Outcomes of Pregnancy Among Medicaid Recipients
Mental Comorbidity and Quality of Diabetes Care Under Medicaid
BACKGROUND: Patients with comorbid medical and mental conditions are at risk for poor quality of care. With the anticipated expansion of Medicaid under health reform, it is particularly important to develop national estimates of the magnitude and correlates of quality deficits related to mental comorbidity among Medicaid enrollees. METHODS: For all 657,628 fee-for-service Medicaid enrollees with diabetes during 2003 to 2004, the study compared He…
Triangulating on Success
To identify successes in improving America's health, we identified disease categories that appeared on vital statistics lists of leading causes of death in the US adult population in either 1950 or 2000, and that experienced at least a 50% reduction in age-adjusted death rates from their peak level to their lowest point between 1950 and 2000. Of the 9 cause-of-death categories that achieved this 50% reduction, literature review suggests that 7 cl…
Increased Black–White Disparities in Mortality After the Introduction of Lifesaving Innovations
Objectives. We explored whether the introduction of 3 lifesaving innovations introduced between 1989 and 1996 increased, decreased, or had no effect on disparities in Black–White mortality in the United States through 2006. Methods. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data were used to assess disease-, age-, gender-, and race-specific changes in mortality after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment…
Presence of a Community Health Center and Uninsured Emergency Department Visit Rates in Rural Counties
Context: Community health centers (CHCs) provide essential access to a primary care medical home for the uninsured, especially in rural communities with no other primary care safety net. CHCs could potentially reduce uninsured emergency department (ED) visits in rural communities. Purpose: We compared uninsured ED visit rates between rural counties in Georgia that have a CHC clinic site and counties without a CHC presence. Methods: We analyzed da…
Role of the Primary Care Safety Net in Pandemic Influenza
An influenza pandemic would have a disproportionately adverse impact on minority populations, the poor, the uninsured, and those living in underserved communities. Primary care practices serving the underserved would face special challenges in an influenza pandemic. Although not a formalized system, components of the primary care safety net include federally qualified health centers, public hospital clinics, volunteer or free clinics, and some lo…
Disparities in Influenza Treatment Among Disabled Medicaid Patients in Georgia
Objectives. We explored possible disparities in seasonal influenza treatment in Georgia's disabled Medicaid population. We sought to determine whether racial/ethnic, geographic, or gender disparities existed in antiviral drugs usage in the treatment of influenza. Methods. Medicaid claims were analyzed from 69 556 clients with disabilities enrolled in a Georgia Medicaid disease management program. Results. There were 519 patients who met inclusion…
Racial, gender and geographic disparities of antiretroviral treatment among US Medicaid enrolees in 1998
BACKGROUND: In 1998, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was widespread, but the diffusion of these life-saving treatments was not uniform. As half of all AIDS patients in the USA have Medicaid coverage, this study of a multistate Medicaid claims dataset was undertaken to assess disparities in the rates of HAART. METHODS: Data came from 1998 Medicaid claims files from five states with varying HIV prevalence. ICD-9 codes were used to iden…
State-Level Progress in Reducing the Black–White Infant Mortality Gap, United States, 1999–2013
Objectives. To assess state-level progress on eliminating racial disparities in infant mortality. Methods. Using linked infant birth–death files from 1999 to 2013, we calculated state-level 3-year rolling average infant mortality rates (IMRs) and Black–White IMR ratios. We also calculated percentage improvement and a projected year for achieving equality if current trend lines are sustained. Results. We found substantial state-level variation in …
Black–White Mortality From HIV in the United States Before and After Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in 1996
Objectives. We sought to describe Black–White differences in HIV disease mortality before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Methods. Black–White mortality from HIV is described for the nation as a whole. We performed regression analyses to predict county-level mortality for Black men aged 25–84 years and the corresponding Black:White male mortality ratios (disparities) in 140 counties with reliable Blac…
Increased Black–White Disparities in Mortality After the Introduction of Lifesaving Innovations
Objectives. We explored whether the introduction of 3 lifesaving innovations introduced between 1989 and 1996 increased, decreased, or had no effect on disparities in Black–White mortality in the United States through 2006. Methods. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data were used to assess disease-, age-, gender-, and race-specific changes in mortality after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment…
Primary Care, Behavioral Health, and Public Health
The authors reflect on the role that collaboration between the primary care, behavioral health and public health sectors can play in reducing mental health stigma. They suggest that stigma against mental illness and substance abuse disorders contributes to poor health outcomes and is a major public health problem. They argue that a collaboration between primary care, behavioral health and public health is essential to achieve less stigmatized, mo…
Trends in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services at the Nation’s Community Health Centers
Objective. We examined trends in delivery of mental health and substance abuse services at the nation’s community health centers. Methods. Analyses used data from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Bureau of Primary Care’s (BPHC) 1998 and 2003 Uniform Data System, merged with county-level data. Results. Between 1998 and 2003, the number of patients diagnosed with a mental health/substance abuse disorder in community health c…
Triangulating on Success
To identify successes in improving America's health, we identified disease categories that appeared on vital statistics lists of leading causes of death in the US adult population in either 1950 or 2000, and that experienced at least a 50% reduction in age-adjusted death rates from their peak level to their lowest point between 1950 and 2000. Of the 9 cause-of-death categories that achieved this 50% reduction, literature review suggests that 7 cl…
Racial, gender and geographic disparities of antiretroviral treatment among US Medicaid enrolees in 1998
BACKGROUND: In 1998, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was widespread, but the diffusion of these life-saving treatments was not uniform. As half of all AIDS patients in the USA have Medicaid coverage, this study of a multistate Medicaid claims dataset was undertaken to assess disparities in the rates of HAART. METHODS: Data came from 1998 Medicaid claims files from five states with varying HIV prevalence. ICD-9 codes were used to iden…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Antiretroviral Treatment Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Medicaid Enrollees, 2005–2007
Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic differences in prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) treatment among 3259 HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees. Methods. We analyzed 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 southern states, comparing rates of not receiving ARVs and suboptimal versus optimal ARV therapy. Results. More than one third (37.3%) had zero claims for ARV drugs. Three quarters (73.4%) of 346 Hispanic women received no prenatal ARVs. After …
Role of the Primary Care Safety Net in Pandemic Influenza
An influenza pandemic would have a disproportionately adverse impact on minority populations, the poor, the uninsured, and those living in underserved communities. Primary care practices serving the underserved would face special challenges in an influenza pandemic. Although not a formalized system, components of the primary care safety net include federally qualified health centers, public hospital clinics, volunteer or free clinics, and some lo…
Disparities in Influenza Treatment Among Disabled Medicaid Patients in Georgia
Objectives. We explored possible disparities in seasonal influenza treatment in Georgia's disabled Medicaid population. We sought to determine whether racial/ethnic, geographic, or gender disparities existed in antiviral drugs usage in the treatment of influenza. Methods. Medicaid claims were analyzed from 69 556 clients with disabilities enrolled in a Georgia Medicaid disease management program. Results. There were 519 patients who met inclusion…
Predictors of Mental Health Treatment Seeking and Engagement in a Community Mental Health Center
The Influence of Race and Comorbidity on the Timely Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Older Persons Living With HIV/Aids
Objectives. We examined whether the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) differed by race and comorbidity among older (≥ 50 years) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods. We conducted frequency and descriptive statistics analysis to characterize our sample, which we drew from 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 states. We employed univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between race,…
A Letter of Resolution Concerning Origen and the Chief of His Opinions
Examines Origen, a Hellenistic scholar and early Christian theologian. This letter on Origen was originally published in 1661 anonymously, the author was later identified as George Rust, a fellow of Christ's College, and was written in defense of Origien's opinions.
Christian Use of the Psalter
Health status of migrant farmworkers
I made a computerized search of MEDLINE files from 1966 through October 1989 followed by a review of this literature. Four hundred eighty-five articles were scanned; 152 were found specifically related to migrant families, while another 51 articles addressed the health of agricultural workers or farmers in general. Solid data exist on dental health, nutrition and, to a lesser extent, childhood health. Data also were prominent in several disease c…
What If We Were Equal? A Comparison Of The Black-White Mortality Gap In 1960 And 2000
The United States has made progress in decreasing the black-white gap in civil rights, housing, education, and income since 1960, but health inequalities persist. We examined trends in black-white standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for each age-sex group from 1960 to 2000. The black-white gap measured by SMR changed very little between 1960 and 2000 and actually worsened for infants and for African American men age thirty-five and older. In con…
Trends in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services at the Nation’s Community Health Centers
Objective. We examined trends in delivery of mental health and substance abuse services at the nation’s community health centers. Methods. Analyses used data from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Bureau of Primary Care’s (BPHC) 1998 and 2003 Uniform Data System, merged with county-level data. Results. Between 1998 and 2003, the number of patients diagnosed with a mental health/substance abuse disorder in community health c…
Black–White Mortality From HIV in the United States Before and After Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in 1996
Objectives. We sought to describe Black–White differences in HIV disease mortality before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Methods. Black–White mortality from HIV is described for the nation as a whole. We performed regression analyses to predict county-level mortality for Black men aged 25–84 years and the corresponding Black:White male mortality ratios (disparities) in 140 counties with reliable Blac…
Racial, gender and geographic disparities of antiretroviral treatment among US Medicaid enrolees in 1998
BACKGROUND: In 1998, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was widespread, but the diffusion of these life-saving treatments was not uniform. As half of all AIDS patients in the USA have Medicaid coverage, this study of a multistate Medicaid claims dataset was undertaken to assess disparities in the rates of HAART. METHODS: Data came from 1998 Medicaid claims files from five states with varying HIV prevalence. ICD-9 codes were used to iden…
The Health Impact of Resolving Racial Disparities
The US health system spends far more on the “technology” of care (e.g., drugs, devices) than on achieving equity in its delivery. For 1991 to 2000, we contrasted the number of lives saved by medical advances with the number of deaths attributable to excess mortality among African Americans. Medical advances averted 176 633 deaths, but equalizing the mortality rates of Whites and African Americans would have averted 886202 deaths. Achieving equity…
Presence of a Community Health Center and Uninsured Emergency Department Visit Rates in Rural Counties
Context: Community health centers (CHCs) provide essential access to a primary care medical home for the uninsured, especially in rural communities with no other primary care safety net. CHCs could potentially reduce uninsured emergency department (ED) visits in rural communities. Purpose: We compared uninsured ED visit rates between rural counties in Georgia that have a CHC clinic site and counties without a CHC presence. Methods: We analyzed da…
Role of the Primary Care Safety Net in Pandemic Influenza
An influenza pandemic would have a disproportionately adverse impact on minority populations, the poor, the uninsured, and those living in underserved communities. Primary care practices serving the underserved would face special challenges in an influenza pandemic. Although not a formalized system, components of the primary care safety net include federally qualified health centers, public hospital clinics, volunteer or free clinics, and some lo…
Disparities in Influenza Treatment Among Disabled Medicaid Patients in Georgia
Objectives. We explored possible disparities in seasonal influenza treatment in Georgia's disabled Medicaid population. We sought to determine whether racial/ethnic, geographic, or gender disparities existed in antiviral drugs usage in the treatment of influenza. Methods. Medicaid claims were analyzed from 69 556 clients with disabilities enrolled in a Georgia Medicaid disease management program. Results. There were 519 patients who met inclusion…
Triangulating on Success
To identify successes in improving America's health, we identified disease categories that appeared on vital statistics lists of leading causes of death in the US adult population in either 1950 or 2000, and that experienced at least a 50% reduction in age-adjusted death rates from their peak level to their lowest point between 1950 and 2000. Of the 9 cause-of-death categories that achieved this 50% reduction, literature review suggests that 7 cl…
Increased Black–White Disparities in Mortality After the Introduction of Lifesaving Innovations
Objectives. We explored whether the introduction of 3 lifesaving innovations introduced between 1989 and 1996 increased, decreased, or had no effect on disparities in Black–White mortality in the United States through 2006. Methods. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data were used to assess disease-, age-, gender-, and race-specific changes in mortality after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment…
Racial Disparities in Economic and Clinical Outcomes of Pregnancy Among Medicaid Recipients
Mental Comorbidity and Quality of Diabetes Care Under Medicaid
BACKGROUND: Patients with comorbid medical and mental conditions are at risk for poor quality of care. With the anticipated expansion of Medicaid under health reform, it is particularly important to develop national estimates of the magnitude and correlates of quality deficits related to mental comorbidity among Medicaid enrollees. METHODS: For all 657,628 fee-for-service Medicaid enrollees with diabetes during 2003 to 2004, the study compared He…
Primary Care, Behavioral Health, and Public Health
The authors reflect on the role that collaboration between the primary care, behavioral health and public health sectors can play in reducing mental health stigma. They suggest that stigma against mental illness and substance abuse disorders contributes to poor health outcomes and is a major public health problem. They argue that a collaboration between primary care, behavioral health and public health is essential to achieve less stigmatized, mo…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Antiretroviral Treatment Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Medicaid Enrollees, 2005–2007
Objectives. We examined racial/ethnic differences in prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) treatment among 3259 HIV-infected pregnant Medicaid enrollees. Methods. We analyzed 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 southern states, comparing rates of not receiving ARVs and suboptimal versus optimal ARV therapy. Results. More than one third (37.3%) had zero claims for ARV drugs. Three quarters (73.4%) of 346 Hispanic women received no prenatal ARVs. After …
The Influence of Race and Comorbidity on the Timely Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Older Persons Living With HIV/Aids
Objectives. We examined whether the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) differed by race and comorbidity among older (≥ 50 years) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methods. We conducted frequency and descriptive statistics analysis to characterize our sample, which we drew from 2005–2007 Medicaid claims data from 14 states. We employed univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between race,…
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Multiple Chronic Conditions Research Network
BACKGROUND: By 2030, 171 million Americans are expected to have more than one chronic condition. The cohort of individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) is growing and two thirds of healthcare costs for the US population are currently spent on the 20% of people who have MCC. OBJECTIVES: Recognizing the need for increased investment in MCC programs and research, Health and Human Services (HHS) developed the HHS Strategic Framework on MCC.…
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy impact on clinical and economic outcomes for Medicaid enrollees with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C coinfection
We examined the impact of antiretroviral treatment adherence among hepatitis C (HCV) coinfected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients on survival and clinical outcomes. We analyzed Medicaid claims data from 14 southern states from 2005 to 2007, comparing survival and clinical outcomes and cost of treatment for HIV and HCV coinfected patients (N = 4115) at different levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). More than one in five p…
The association between combination antiretroviral adherence and Aids-defining conditions at HIV diagnosis
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has changed the clinical course of HIV. AIDS-defining conditions (ADC) are suggestive of severe or advanced disease and are a leading cause of HIV-related hospitalizations and death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the USA. Optimal adherence to cART can mitigate the impact of ADC and disease severity on the health and survivability of PLWHA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the asso…
Country of Birth and Variations in Asthma and Wheezing Prevalence, and Emergency Department Utilization in Children
Correlates of Combination Antiretroviral Adherence Among Recently Diagnosed Older HIV-Infected Adults Between 50 and 64 years
Race/Ethnicity and Health Care Communication
BACKGROUND: Although many minority patients would prefer a provider of their own race/ethnicity, the influence of this relationship on patient-provider communication remains unknown. This analysis examined the effect of patient-provider race/ethnicity concordance on patient-reported provider communication quality using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey years 2002-2012. METHODS: Ordinary least squares regressions were executed on comm…
Adherence to combination antiretroviral treatment and clinical outcomes in a Medicaid sample of older HIV-infected adults
The adherence threshold for combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has historically been set at 95% or greater. We examined whether different levels of cART adherence (≥95% [optimal adherence], 90-94%, 80-89%, and <80%) were associated with different clinical outcomes (emergency department visits [ED visits] and duration of hospital admission) in a sample of older (50-64 years) persons living with HIV (PLWH). Medicaid data from 29 US states (n…
Medicine (27 works) · Demography (17 works) · Environmental health (17 works) · Health care (15 works) · Family medicine (13 works) · Population (13 works) · Gerontology (12 works) · Gerontology (11 works) · Public health (10 works) · Psychiatry (9 works)