Stephen Sidney
Biographic Data
| ID | 3913454 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stephen Sidney |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stephen |
| FAMILY NAME | Sidney |
| SIGNATURE | SIDNEY S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Kaiser Permanente |
| ORCID | 0009-0008-4556-6426 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 510 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
The Shifting Salience of Skin Color for Educational Attainment
Findings of an association between skin color and educational attainment have been fairly consistent among Americans born before the civil rights era, but little is known regarding the persistence of this relationship in later born cohorts. The authors ask whether the association between skin color and educational attainment has changed between black American baby boomers and millennials. The authors observe a large and statistically significant …
Reis et al. Respond
AffiliationsJared P. Reis and David C. Goff Jr are with the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD. Reto Auer and Mark J. Pletcher are with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Michael P. Bancks is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Cora E. Lewis and James M. Shikany…
A recursive partitioning approach to investigating correlates of self-rated health: The Cardia Study
Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent predictor of mortality; studies have investigated correlates of SRH to explain this predictive capability. However, the interplay of a broad array of factors that influence health status may not be adequately captured with parametric multivariate regression. This study investigated associations between several health determinants and SRH using recursive partitioning methods. This non-parametric analytic a…
Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) Study
Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years. The …
Fifteen-Year Prospective Analysis of Television Viewing and Adiposity in African American and Caucasian Men and Women: The Cardia Study
There are limited data from long-term prospective studies on the association between television (TV) viewing and obesity. We investigated this association between TV viewing and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WST) over 15 years on 3,269 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We used cross-lagged panel models at exam Years 5, 10, 15, and 20 over 15 years to assess the association betw…
Housing Instability and Incident Hypertension in the Cardia Cohort
Regional fat deposition and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: The FRAM study
HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lipodystrophy, but the relationship between regional adipose tissue (AT) depots and CVD risk is not well described. We determined regional AT volumes and CVD risk in an analysis of 586 HIV-infected and 280 control FRAM study subjects using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Median FRS and FRS >10% were higher in HIV th…
Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity on health outcomes. METHODS: The aim of this study is to determine the independent impacts of SES and race-ethnicity on COPD severity status, functional limitations and acute exacerbations of COPD among patients with access to healthcare. Data were used from…
Outdoor Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Neglected Public Health Problem
Objectives. Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults. Methods. We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case–control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern…
Immigration and Acculturation in Relation to Health and Health-Related Risk Factors Among Specific Asian Subgroups in a Health Maintenance Organization
Objectives. We sought to determine how risk factors for disease vary among Asian subgroups. Methods. Using data from a case–control study conducted at Northern California Kaiser Medical Centers (from 1996 to 2001), we compared prevalence of selected risk factors among Asian subgroups and evaluated the associations of these risk factors with sociodemographic factors. Results. Chinese and Japanese patients had a lower body mass index (kg/m 2 ) than…
Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black–White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The Cardia Study
Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination were associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, and such experiences may contribute to Black-White disparities in perinatal outcomes
Mentholated cigarettes and non-lung smoking related cancers in California, USA
We sought to discover if the higher risk among men of lung cancer associated with menthola ted than with plain cigarettes1 applied as well to other smoking related cancers (upper aerodi gestive: mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus; pancreas, renal adenocarcinoma, other urinary tract (urothelium), cervix). In 1979-1985, 79 946 subscribers of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in northern California, age 30-89 years, completed a detailed que…
Racial discrimination and skin color in the Cardia study: Implications for public health research. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether skin color and ways of handling anger can serve as markers for experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment in public health research. METHODS: Survey data on 1844 Black women and Black men (24 to 42 years old), collected in the year 5 (1990-1991) and year 7 (1992-1993) examinations of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, were examined. RESULTS: Skin…
Marijuana use and mortality
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marijuana use to mortality. METHODS: The study population comprised 65171 Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program enrollees, aged 15 through 49 years, who completed questionnaires about smoking habits, including marijuana use, between 1979 and 1985. Mortality follow-up was conducted through 1991. RESULTS: Compared with nonuse or experimentation (lifetime use six or fewer time…
Lifetime cocaine use and cardiovascular characteristics among young adults: The Cardia study
OBJECTIVES: Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Despite these demonstrated relationships, it has been difficult to assess the long-term cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. METHODS: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study provides an opportunity to evaluate the association of lifetime cocaine use with cardiovascular disease risk fact…
Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: The Cardia study
These data indicate that young adults are at high risk of weight gain, and that weight gain was greatest among African Americans and among less educated participants. These high-risk groups can be identified and targeted for primary prevention of adult obesity in addition to population wide efforts that will be required to counteract the secular trend of increased obesity observed in US adults
Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The Cardia Study of young black and white adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between blood pressure and self reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment. METHODS: Survey data were collected in year 7 (1992/93) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective multisite community-based investigation. Participants included 831 Black men, 1143 Black women, 1006 White men, and 1106 White women 25 to 37 years ol…
Cocaine use and characteristics of young adult users from 1987 to 1992: The Cardia Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Self-reported cocaine use was analyzed through chi-square tests and repeated measures analyses of variance to determine the bivaria…
Stroke in Users of Low-dose Oral Contraceptives
Background Previous studies have linked the use of oral contraceptive agents to an increased risk of stroke, but those studies have been limited to oral contraceptives containing more estrogen than is now generally used. Methods In a population-based, case–control study, we identified fatal and nonfatal strokes in female members of the California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who were 15 through 44 years of age. Matched controls were ran…
Injury events: Utility of self report in retrospective identification in the USA
Self report is often used to determine the cor- relates and predictors of injury events and to determine injury events influencing the clinical presentation of injured patients. Self reported injury data are, however, potentially limited by inaccurate reporting and biased recall of injury events." The Injury Ancillary Study of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was undertaken to evaluate the factors related to val…
The risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among Asian Americans in northern California
To supplement sparse data about ischemic heart disease in Asian Americans, hospitalization risk was prospectively examined in a group of Asian Americans living in Northern California. Analyses used Cox models with ischemic heart disease risk traits as covariables. With Whites as the referent category, relative risks by ethnic group were as follows: Chinese, 0.6 (P = .001); Japanese, 1.0 (P = .97); Filipinos, 1.0 (P = .95); South Asians, 3.7 (P
Correlates of obesity in young black and white women: The Cardia Study
OBJECTIVES. Although differences in obesity between Blacks and Whites are well documented in adult women, less information is available on potential correlates of these differences, especially in young adults. METHODS. The association between behavioral and demographic factors and body size was assessed in 2801 Black and White women aged 18 to 30 years. RESULTS. Black women had significantly higher age-adjusted mean body mass index and subscapula…
Reoperation and Mortality After Surgical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy in a Large Prepaid Medical Care Program
The incidence of reoperation and mortality after prostatectomy was studied in 8,219 men who underwent surgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy between 1976 and 1987 while they were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region. The vast majority (94.5%) received transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). The cumulative 8-year probability of a second prostatectomy was 7.6% after TURP and 2.1% after open pros…
Evidence of Discrepant Data Regarding Trends in Marijuana Use and Supply, 1985–1988
Between 1985 and 1988, the estimated number of current marijuana users (i.e., use within the past 30 days) in the United States declined 36%, based on self-report data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. During the same time period, estimated nondomestic production of marijuana available for consumption in the United States increased 58% and domestic production increased 119%, while there was no clear-cut trend in prices. Reports of…
Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study
Cotinine was measured in the serum of nearly all 5,115 18-30 year old, Black and White, men and women participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study, 30 percent of whom reported current cigarette smoking. Ninety-five percent of the reported smokers had serum cotinine levels indicative of smoking (greater than 13 ng/ml). The median cotinine level was higher in Black than White smokers (221 ng/ml versus 170 ng/ml; 95 …
Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The Cardia Study of young black and white adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between blood pressure and self reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment. METHODS: Survey data were collected in year 7 (1992/93) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective multisite community-based investigation. Participants included 831 Black men, 1143 Black women, 1006 White men, and 1106 White women 25 to 37 years ol…
Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black–White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The Cardia Study
Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination were associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, and such experiences may contribute to Black-White disparities in perinatal outcomes
Racial discrimination and skin color in the Cardia study: Implications for public health research. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether skin color and ways of handling anger can serve as markers for experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment in public health research. METHODS: Survey data on 1844 Black women and Black men (24 to 42 years old), collected in the year 5 (1990-1991) and year 7 (1992-1993) examinations of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, were examined. RESULTS: Skin…
Immigration and Acculturation in Relation to Health and Health-Related Risk Factors Among Specific Asian Subgroups in a Health Maintenance Organization
Objectives. We sought to determine how risk factors for disease vary among Asian subgroups. Methods. Using data from a case–control study conducted at Northern California Kaiser Medical Centers (from 1996 to 2001), we compared prevalence of selected risk factors among Asian subgroups and evaluated the associations of these risk factors with sociodemographic factors. Results. Chinese and Japanese patients had a lower body mass index (kg/m 2 ) than…
Correlates of obesity in young black and white women: The Cardia Study
OBJECTIVES. Although differences in obesity between Blacks and Whites are well documented in adult women, less information is available on potential correlates of these differences, especially in young adults. METHODS. The association between behavioral and demographic factors and body size was assessed in 2801 Black and White women aged 18 to 30 years. RESULTS. Black women had significantly higher age-adjusted mean body mass index and subscapula…
Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: The Cardia study
These data indicate that young adults are at high risk of weight gain, and that weight gain was greatest among African Americans and among less educated participants. These high-risk groups can be identified and targeted for primary prevention of adult obesity in addition to population wide efforts that will be required to counteract the secular trend of increased obesity observed in US adults
Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study
Cotinine was measured in the serum of nearly all 5,115 18-30 year old, Black and White, men and women participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study, 30 percent of whom reported current cigarette smoking. Ninety-five percent of the reported smokers had serum cotinine levels indicative of smoking (greater than 13 ng/ml). The median cotinine level was higher in Black than White smokers (221 ng/ml versus 170 ng/ml; 95 …
Outdoor Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Neglected Public Health Problem
Objectives. Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults. Methods. We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case–control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern…
Thinness and mortality
The relationship of thinness to mortality was examined in White adult members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who had at least three multiphasic health checkups between 1964 and 1972, with mortality follow-up through 1980. A detailed comparison was performed of the mortality patterns of "thin" (decile 1 of Quetelet's index) and "average" weight (deciles 4 and 5) cohort members who were age 40-79 years and free of illness at the begi…
Housing Instability and Incident Hypertension in the Cardia Cohort
Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity on health outcomes. METHODS: The aim of this study is to determine the independent impacts of SES and race-ethnicity on COPD severity status, functional limitations and acute exacerbations of COPD among patients with access to healthcare. Data were used from…
The risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among Asian Americans in northern California
To supplement sparse data about ischemic heart disease in Asian Americans, hospitalization risk was prospectively examined in a group of Asian Americans living in Northern California. Analyses used Cox models with ischemic heart disease risk traits as covariables. With Whites as the referent category, relative risks by ethnic group were as follows: Chinese, 0.6 (P = .001); Japanese, 1.0 (P = .97); Filipinos, 1.0 (P = .95); South Asians, 3.7 (P
Mentholated cigarette use among multiphasic examinees, 1979-86
Mentholated cigarette use was studied in relation to age and race in 29,037 current smokers who were Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program members. The percentages of mentholated cigarette users were much higher in Blacks and Asians than in Whites, especially in the younger age groups. A marked inverse relationship between mentholated cigarette use and age was present in Blacks and Asians; mentholated cigarette use showed little difference with …
The Shifting Salience of Skin Color for Educational Attainment
Findings of an association between skin color and educational attainment have been fairly consistent among Americans born before the civil rights era, but little is known regarding the persistence of this relationship in later born cohorts. The authors ask whether the association between skin color and educational attainment has changed between black American baby boomers and millennials. The authors observe a large and statistically significant …
Marijuana use and mortality
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marijuana use to mortality. METHODS: The study population comprised 65171 Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program enrollees, aged 15 through 49 years, who completed questionnaires about smoking habits, including marijuana use, between 1979 and 1985. Mortality follow-up was conducted through 1991. RESULTS: Compared with nonuse or experimentation (lifetime use six or fewer time…
Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) Study
Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years. The …
Cocaine use and characteristics of young adult users from 1987 to 1992: The Cardia Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Self-reported cocaine use was analyzed through chi-square tests and repeated measures analyses of variance to determine the bivaria…
Injury events: Utility of self report in retrospective identification in the USA
Self report is often used to determine the cor- relates and predictors of injury events and to determine injury events influencing the clinical presentation of injured patients. Self reported injury data are, however, potentially limited by inaccurate reporting and biased recall of injury events." The Injury Ancillary Study of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was undertaken to evaluate the factors related to val…
Thinness and mortality
The relationship of thinness to mortality was examined in White adult members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who had at least three multiphasic health checkups between 1964 and 1972, with mortality follow-up through 1980. A detailed comparison was performed of the mortality patterns of "thin" (decile 1 of Quetelet's index) and "average" weight (deciles 4 and 5) cohort members who were age 40-79 years and free of illness at the begi…
Mentholated cigarette use among multiphasic examinees, 1979-86
Mentholated cigarette use was studied in relation to age and race in 29,037 current smokers who were Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program members. The percentages of mentholated cigarette users were much higher in Blacks and Asians than in Whites, especially in the younger age groups. A marked inverse relationship between mentholated cigarette use and age was present in Blacks and Asians; mentholated cigarette use showed little difference with …
Evidence of Discrepant Data Regarding Trends in Marijuana Use and Supply, 1985–1988
Between 1985 and 1988, the estimated number of current marijuana users (i.e., use within the past 30 days) in the United States declined 36%, based on self-report data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. During the same time period, estimated nondomestic production of marijuana available for consumption in the United States increased 58% and domestic production increased 119%, while there was no clear-cut trend in prices. Reports of…
Racial differences in serum cotinine levels among smokers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults study
Cotinine was measured in the serum of nearly all 5,115 18-30 year old, Black and White, men and women participating in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults Study, 30 percent of whom reported current cigarette smoking. Ninety-five percent of the reported smokers had serum cotinine levels indicative of smoking (greater than 13 ng/ml). The median cotinine level was higher in Black than White smokers (221 ng/ml versus 170 ng/ml; 95 …
Correlates of obesity in young black and white women: The Cardia Study
OBJECTIVES. Although differences in obesity between Blacks and Whites are well documented in adult women, less information is available on potential correlates of these differences, especially in young adults. METHODS. The association between behavioral and demographic factors and body size was assessed in 2801 Black and White women aged 18 to 30 years. RESULTS. Black women had significantly higher age-adjusted mean body mass index and subscapula…
Reoperation and Mortality After Surgical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy in a Large Prepaid Medical Care Program
The incidence of reoperation and mortality after prostatectomy was studied in 8,219 men who underwent surgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy between 1976 and 1987 while they were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region. The vast majority (94.5%) received transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). The cumulative 8-year probability of a second prostatectomy was 7.6% after TURP and 2.1% after open pros…
Injury events: Utility of self report in retrospective identification in the USA
Self report is often used to determine the cor- relates and predictors of injury events and to determine injury events influencing the clinical presentation of injured patients. Self reported injury data are, however, potentially limited by inaccurate reporting and biased recall of injury events." The Injury Ancillary Study of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study was undertaken to evaluate the factors related to val…
The risk of hospitalization for ischemic heart disease among Asian Americans in northern California
To supplement sparse data about ischemic heart disease in Asian Americans, hospitalization risk was prospectively examined in a group of Asian Americans living in Northern California. Analyses used Cox models with ischemic heart disease risk traits as covariables. With Whites as the referent category, relative risks by ethnic group were as follows: Chinese, 0.6 (P = .001); Japanese, 1.0 (P = .97); Filipinos, 1.0 (P = .95); South Asians, 3.7 (P
Differences in weight gain in relation to race, gender, age and education in young adults: The Cardia study
These data indicate that young adults are at high risk of weight gain, and that weight gain was greatest among African Americans and among less educated participants. These high-risk groups can be identified and targeted for primary prevention of adult obesity in addition to population wide efforts that will be required to counteract the secular trend of increased obesity observed in US adults
Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The Cardia Study of young black and white adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between blood pressure and self reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment. METHODS: Survey data were collected in year 7 (1992/93) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective multisite community-based investigation. Participants included 831 Black men, 1143 Black women, 1006 White men, and 1106 White women 25 to 37 years ol…
Cocaine use and characteristics of young adult users from 1987 to 1992: The Cardia Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS: Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Self-reported cocaine use was analyzed through chi-square tests and repeated measures analyses of variance to determine the bivaria…
Stroke in Users of Low-dose Oral Contraceptives
Background Previous studies have linked the use of oral contraceptive agents to an increased risk of stroke, but those studies have been limited to oral contraceptives containing more estrogen than is now generally used. Methods In a population-based, case–control study, we identified fatal and nonfatal strokes in female members of the California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who were 15 through 44 years of age. Matched controls were ran…
Marijuana use and mortality
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marijuana use to mortality. METHODS: The study population comprised 65171 Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program enrollees, aged 15 through 49 years, who completed questionnaires about smoking habits, including marijuana use, between 1979 and 1985. Mortality follow-up was conducted through 1991. RESULTS: Compared with nonuse or experimentation (lifetime use six or fewer time…
Lifetime cocaine use and cardiovascular characteristics among young adults: The Cardia study
OBJECTIVES: Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Despite these demonstrated relationships, it has been difficult to assess the long-term cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. METHODS: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study provides an opportunity to evaluate the association of lifetime cocaine use with cardiovascular disease risk fact…
Mentholated cigarettes and non-lung smoking related cancers in California, USA
We sought to discover if the higher risk among men of lung cancer associated with menthola ted than with plain cigarettes1 applied as well to other smoking related cancers (upper aerodi gestive: mouth, pharynx, larynx, oesophagus; pancreas, renal adenocarcinoma, other urinary tract (urothelium), cervix). In 1979-1985, 79 946 subscribers of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in northern California, age 30-89 years, completed a detailed que…
Racial discrimination and skin color in the Cardia study: Implications for public health research. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether skin color and ways of handling anger can serve as markers for experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment in public health research. METHODS: Survey data on 1844 Black women and Black men (24 to 42 years old), collected in the year 5 (1990-1991) and year 7 (1992-1993) examinations of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, were examined. RESULTS: Skin…
Immigration and Acculturation in Relation to Health and Health-Related Risk Factors Among Specific Asian Subgroups in a Health Maintenance Organization
Objectives. We sought to determine how risk factors for disease vary among Asian subgroups. Methods. Using data from a case–control study conducted at Northern California Kaiser Medical Centers (from 1996 to 2001), we compared prevalence of selected risk factors among Asian subgroups and evaluated the associations of these risk factors with sociodemographic factors. Results. Chinese and Japanese patients had a lower body mass index (kg/m 2 ) than…
Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Black–White Differences in Preterm and Low-Birthweight Deliveries: The Cardia Study
Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination were associated with preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, and such experiences may contribute to Black-White disparities in perinatal outcomes
Outdoor Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Neglected Public Health Problem
Objectives. Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults. Methods. We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case–control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern…
Regional fat deposition and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection: The FRAM study
HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lipodystrophy, but the relationship between regional adipose tissue (AT) depots and CVD risk is not well described. We determined regional AT volumes and CVD risk in an analysis of 586 HIV-infected and 280 control FRAM study subjects using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Median FRS and FRS >10% were higher in HIV th…
Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity on health outcomes. METHODS: The aim of this study is to determine the independent impacts of SES and race-ethnicity on COPD severity status, functional limitations and acute exacerbations of COPD among patients with access to healthcare. Data were used from…
Housing Instability and Incident Hypertension in the Cardia Cohort
Fifteen-Year Prospective Analysis of Television Viewing and Adiposity in African American and Caucasian Men and Women: The Cardia Study
There are limited data from long-term prospective studies on the association between television (TV) viewing and obesity. We investigated this association between TV viewing and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WST) over 15 years on 3,269 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We used cross-lagged panel models at exam Years 5, 10, 15, and 20 over 15 years to assess the association betw…
A recursive partitioning approach to investigating correlates of self-rated health: The Cardia Study
Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent predictor of mortality; studies have investigated correlates of SRH to explain this predictive capability. However, the interplay of a broad array of factors that influence health status may not be adequately captured with parametric multivariate regression. This study investigated associations between several health determinants and SRH using recursive partitioning methods. This non-parametric analytic a…
Cumulative Lifetime Marijuana Use and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) Study
Objectives. To investigate the effects of marijuana in the development of incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods. Participants were 5113 adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were followed for more than 25 years. We estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to marijuana using repeated assessments collected at examinations every 2 to 5 years. The …
Medicine (25 works) · Internal Medicine (17 works) · Demography (16 works) · Gerontology (13 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Cohort (7 works) · Environmental health (7 works) · Population (6 works) · Body mass index (5 works)