D L Nichols
Biographic Data
| ID | 3920 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D L Nichols |
| GIVEN NAMES | D L |
| FAMILY NAME | Nichols |
| SIGNATURE | NICHOLS D L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Dartmouth College |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9500-8299 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 390 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
A hierarchical typology of multimodal scientific writing in early primary grades
Introduction Scientific literacy in early education depends on both content knowledge and young learners' ability to organize and express scientific ideas across linguistic and visual-graphical modes. This integrative ability, known as multimodal competency, enables children to construct and communicate scientific understanding by coordinating text structure, language, and visual representation. Methods In this study, 1,705 science writing sample…
The Basin of Mexico: Revisiting Pre-Hispanic Population
The risk of sleep-related death in an inclined sleep environment
This novel analysis fills a longstanding gap in risk assessments of inclined infant sleep products. More timely risk analyses may improve the safety of the marketplace
Orange Ware production and exchange in formative central Mexico as an index of regionalization of pottery styles
Learning to eRead: A qualitative exploration of young children's developing eReader practices
Jeffrey R. Parsons (October 9, 1939–march 19, 2021): A Regional Perspective…and Beyond
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Aztec Otumba, AD 1200-1600: Patterns of the Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Ceramic Products
Closet Chickens
Beyond Screen Time: A Synergistic Approach to a More Comprehensive Assessment of Family Media Exposure During Early Childhood
Digital media availability has surged over the past decade. Because of a lack of comprehensive measurement tools, this rapid growth in access to digital media is accompanied by a scarcity of research examining the family media context and sociocognitive outcomes. There is also little cross-cultural research in families with young children. Modern media are mobile, interactive, and often short in duration, making them difficult to remember when ca…
George L. Cowgill, December 19, 1929–July 31, 2018
George L. Cowgill had a major influence on the study of the ancient city of Teotihuacan and the development and promotion of quantitative methods in archaeology. His wit, teaching, and research influenced many in the profession. We draw on two published autobiographical works (Cowgill 2008a, 2013a), some unpublished autobiographical notes (Cowgill 1983), his many publications, and our own associations with George
Technology and Tradition in Mesoamerica after the Spanish Invasion: Archaeological Perspectives
Superior European technology is often uncritically invoked as key in the Spanish invasion of Mesoamerica. Drawing on archaeological investigations that eschew the historic/pre-Hispanic dichotomy, this volume offers a sociomaterial approach to understand why some indigenous technologies changed little and others significantly with transfers, adaptations, and reconfigurations of Eurasian technologies. Editor Rani Alexander frames the volume with an…
Before Teotihuacan—altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico
For several decades, little research has been directed towards understanding the beginnings of complex society in the Teotihuacan Valley. Recent archaeological investigations at the Early–Middle Formative site of Altica provide a fresh perspective on dating the initial establishment of agricultural villages, early social and economic differentiation, and the development of intra-and interregional exchange networks to test comparative models of po…
Pottery Trade and the Formation of Early and Middle Formative Style Horizons as Seen From Central Mexico
We explore the relationship between long-distance pottery trade and the formation of Early and Middle Formative style horizons in Mesoamerica. A sample of 1,154 ceramics mostly from Early and Middle Formative contexts in the central Mexican highlands was irradiated at the University of Missouri Research Reactor with a subsample (n = 313) for petrographic analysis. We conclude that: (1) most sites and regions display more than one process for maki…
The Altica Project: Reframing the Formative Basin of Mexico
The Altica Project that began in 2014 is an important step in addressing over two decades of limited problem-oriented research at Formative sites in the Basin of Mexico. Through this research, we demonstrate that Altica is the earliest known settled village in the Teotihuacan Valley and one of the only first-farming village sites in the Basin of Mexico that has not been engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. It represents the northward spre…
Closet Chickens
Rethinking Huitzilopochtli's Conquest: Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, Social Theory, and the Aztecs of Mexico
Elizabeth M. Brumfiel began work in Aztec studies by tackling nothing less than the economic symbiotic model of Aztec exchange and specialization. Her findings at Huexotla and Xico questioned this model and in its place Brumfiel focused on the politics of exchange and strategies of both state power and commoner households. Her long-term archaeological project at Xaltocan built on and expanded those themes by applying social theories to understand…
Teotihuacan
Intensive Agriculture and Early Complex Societies of the Basin of Mexico: The Formative Period
Intensive agriculture was a key feature in the development of early complex societies in the Basin of Mexico. In this paper, I review the theoretical underpinnings of archaeological understandings of agriculture change, its relationship to culture change, and how these theoretical perspectives have shifted between top-down and bottom up perspectives. Next I examine current knowledge of intensive agriculture within the dynamic context of the Forma…
The emergence of Early-Middle Formative exchange patterns in Mesoamerica: A view from Altica in the Teotihuacan Valley
Cerro Portezuelo: States and Hinterlands in the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico
George Brainerd directed excavations at Cerro Portezuelo in the mid-1950s to understand the Classic to Postclassic transition and the questions he asked are still salient. We have undertaken a reanalysis of the artifacts, survey, and excavation data from Brainerd's project to better understand the nature of relations between the Early Classic period city of Teotihuacan, its immediate hinterlands, and the change from the Teotihuacan state system t…
Mesoamerican Archaeology: Recent Trends
This article provides an overview of recent trends in Mesoamerican archaeology. It discusses the various paradigms that have shaped the field of Mesoamerican archaeology. It describes the field's contributions to the understanding of human-environmental interactions, settlement-pattern research and cultural-resource management, ancient Mesoamerican economics and politics, society and polity, and beliefs and rituals. This is followed by a discussi…
Elizabeth M. Brumfiel (1945–2012)
With Elizabeth Brumfiel's death on January 1, 2012, in Evanston, Illinois, anthropology lost one of its outstanding practitioners, a true generalist who pursued her long, productive, and distinguished career during a period that witnessed increasing subdisciplinary specialization.Her broad-based orientation demonstrated how a generalized perspective can provide the best foundation from which to make original and enduring contributions that speak …
Complementary Compositional Analysis of Formative Period Ceramics From the Teotihuacan Valley
During the Classic Period, Teotihuacan was an economic centre of central Mexico, but little is known about the development of this system. This paper presents a pilot study in multi‐method analysis of Formative Period (1500/1400 bc – ad 150) ceramics from the Teotihuacan Valley. Pottery was characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry a…
Thomas H. Charlton (1938–2010)
Peer Reviewed
Aztec Studies
Aztec culture provides a gateway to Mesoamerican studies because it represents the connecting point between the pre-Hispanic past and the globalized present. Current research on the Aztecs comes from several disciplines: anthropology, history, art history, religion, and literature. The nearly fifty articles on the Aztecs published by Ancient Mesoamerica since its inception in 1990 encompass the various branches of Aztec scholarship. In this artic…
Aztec craft production and specialization: Archaeological evidence from the city-state of Otumba, Mexico
Recent (1987–9) archaeological research within the Aztec city‐state of Otumba located in the northeastern Basin of Mexico has provided data relevant to a consideration of the role of craft specialization in the evolution of city‐states between the fall of Tula (c. AD 1150) and the arrival of the Spaniards (AD 1519). Designed to evaluate alternative models of such evolution the investigations have confirmed the presence of extensive archaeological…
Risk and Agricultural Intensification During the Formative Period in the Northern Basin of Mexico
The relationship between the development of hydraulic agriculture and the formation of sociopolitical hierarchies is a major issue in studies of the evolution of early civilizations in the Basin of Mexico and elsewhere. Previous explanations of agricultural intensification have emphasized population pressure and the effects of settlement nucleation and distance to markets. Neither factor, however, adequately explains the shift to hydraulic farmin…
Ecological Theory and Cultural Evolution in the Valley of Oaxaca [and Comments and Reply]
Teotihuacan
Chiconautla, Mexico: A Crossroads of Aztec Trade and Politics
Chiconautla, situated on the northeastern shore of Lake Texcoco and the southern edge of the Teotihuacan Valley, lay at an important juncture for east-west exchange in the Basin of Mexico with connections to asfar away as the Gulf Coast. Recently, we completed an INAA study on ceramics from Chiconautla to examine marketing and exchange patterns from A. D. 950 to 1521. We present these data and contextualize them in light of contexts excavated at …
The emergence of Early-Middle Formative exchange patterns in Mesoamerica: A view from Altica in the Teotihuacan Valley
Cerro Portezuelo: States and Hinterlands in the Pre-Hispanic Basin of Mexico
George Brainerd directed excavations at Cerro Portezuelo in the mid-1950s to understand the Classic to Postclassic transition and the questions he asked are still salient. We have undertaken a reanalysis of the artifacts, survey, and excavation data from Brainerd's project to better understand the nature of relations between the Early Classic period city of Teotihuacan, its immediate hinterlands, and the change from the Teotihuacan state system t…
Production Intensification and Regional Specialization: Maguey Fibers and Textiles in the Aztec City-State of Otumba
Although textiles were important commodities in the Aztec political economy, it is widely held that textile production did not involve organized workshops. In the late 1960s, Charlton (1971, 1981) found a concentration of large spindle whorls at the Aztec city-state capital of Otumba that he interpreted as remains of a maguey-fiber workshop. A subsequent survey and surface collections made by the Otumba Project discovered additional concentration…
Otumba and Its Neighbors: Ex Oriente Lux
Otumba is one of a few Late Aztec-period city-states in the Basin of Mexico whose central city or town is not obscured by post-Conquest occupation. Long-term research there began in the early 1960s, with more recent fieldwork between 1987 and 1989, and has been complemented by intensive laboratory and technical analyses that are still underway. Traditional typological analyses have been aided by neutron activation analyses providing strong eviden…
Provenience Investigation of Ceramics and Obsidian From Otumba
Obsidian and ceramic artifacts from the Otumba project were analyzed by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Sources for the obsidian were determined by comparison to a databank of Central Mexican source analyses. Ceramic sources were determined by comparison to a series of reference groups from the Basin of Mexico and by comparison with raw material samples. Obsidian from the lapidary workshop (Operation 11) comes predominantly from the Otu…
The Postclassic Occupation at Otumba: A chronological assessment
The Aztec city-state of Otumba is the focus of a long-term project of archaeological investigation. Analysis of surface and excavated ceramics and obsidian-hydration dates for the capital—Otumba—indicate a dispersed Mazapan occupation, a scattered early Aztec (Aztec II) occupation, and an intense Late Aztec (Aztec III) and Early Colonial (Aztec III/IV) occupation. In the paper we incorporate recent radiocarbon dates to refine the local late Postc…
The Economics of Urbanization and State Formation at Teotihuacan [and Comments and Reply]
A Middle Formative Irrigation System near Santa Clara Coatitlan in the Basin of Mexico
A major theoretical issue in studies of prehistoric societies in the Basin of Mexico concerns the relationship between irrigation and the development of prehistoric settlement systems. Locating and dating the remains of prehistoric water control systems, however, presents a major methodological problem. The discovery of a series of stratified prehistoric canals in the exposed profiles of contemporary borrow pits near Santa Clara Coatitlan provide…
The Altica Project: Reframing the Formative Basin of Mexico
The Altica Project that began in 2014 is an important step in addressing over two decades of limited problem-oriented research at Formative sites in the Basin of Mexico. Through this research, we demonstrate that Altica is the earliest known settled village in the Teotihuacan Valley and one of the only first-farming village sites in the Basin of Mexico that has not been engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. It represents the northward spre…
Intensive Agriculture and Early Complex Societies of the Basin of Mexico: The Formative Period
Intensive agriculture was a key feature in the development of early complex societies in the Basin of Mexico. In this paper, I review the theoretical underpinnings of archaeological understandings of agriculture change, its relationship to culture change, and how these theoretical perspectives have shifted between top-down and bottom up perspectives. Next I examine current knowledge of intensive agriculture within the dynamic context of the Forma…
Complementary Compositional Analysis of Formative Period Ceramics From the Teotihuacan Valley
During the Classic Period, Teotihuacan was an economic centre of central Mexico, but little is known about the development of this system. This paper presents a pilot study in multi‐method analysis of Formative Period (1500/1400 bc – ad 150) ceramics from the Teotihuacan Valley. Pottery was characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, thermal ionization mass spectrometry a…
Watering the Fields of Teotihuacan: Early Irrigation at the Ancient City
Recent excavations in Tlailotlacan, the “Oaxaca barrio,” near the western periphery of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, revealed remains of irrigation features associated with the early history of the city. Small floodwater irrigation canals were found underneath a residential structure that had been occupied by Zapotec immigrants from Oaxaca. Radiocarbon dating, corroborated by ceramic evidence, places the earliest architecture in the Early Tlam…
Fifteen Years on the Rock: Archaeological Research, Administration, and Compliance on Black Mesa, Arizona
The Black Mesa Archaeological Project has been conducting field investigations and archaeological research in northeastern Arizona since 1967. The work is contracted for by Peabody Coal Company in order to comply with federal, state, and tribal statutes. The longevity of the project, as well as its size and complexity, affords a unique opportunity to evaluate and refine research, project administration, and legal compliance procedures. In most si…
Before Teotihuacan—altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico
For several decades, little research has been directed towards understanding the beginnings of complex society in the Teotihuacan Valley. Recent archaeological investigations at the Early–Middle Formative site of Altica provide a fresh perspective on dating the initial establishment of agricultural villages, early social and economic differentiation, and the development of intra-and interregional exchange networks to test comparative models of po…
Bitumen, Blades, and Beads: Prehispanic Craft Production and the Domestic Economy
Pottery Trade and the Formation of Early and Middle Formative Style Horizons as Seen From Central Mexico
We explore the relationship between long-distance pottery trade and the formation of Early and Middle Formative style horizons in Mesoamerica. A sample of 1,154 ceramics mostly from Early and Middle Formative contexts in the central Mexican highlands was irradiated at the University of Missouri Research Reactor with a subsample (n = 313) for petrographic analysis. We conclude that: (1) most sites and regions display more than one process for maki…
Reply to Feinman and Nicholas: There Is No Frost in the Basin of Mexico
Infrared Aerial Photography and Prehispanic Irrigation at Teotihuacán: The Tlajinga Canals
Locating and dating remains of pre-Aztec hydraulic agricultural systems in the Basin of Mexico with conventional reconnaissance and survey methods is problematic. Near-infrared aerial photographs have revealed buried linear features resembling irrigation canals in several areas including the Tlajinga section of the pre-Columbian city of Teotihuacán. Excavations confirmed that the features are prehispanic floodwater irrigation canals. The most rec…
Aztec Studies
Aztec culture provides a gateway to Mesoamerican studies because it represents the connecting point between the pre-Hispanic past and the globalized present. Current research on the Aztecs comes from several disciplines: anthropology, history, art history, religion, and literature. The nearly fifty articles on the Aztecs published by Ancient Mesoamerica since its inception in 1990 encompass the various branches of Aztec scholarship. In this artic…
Demographic Reconstructions in the American Southwest: Alternative Behavioral Means to the Same Archaeological Ends
Paleodemographic reconstructions are an important component of many evaluations of prehistoric cultural change, and the number of sites in an area, the size of those sites, or both of these variables are frequently used to estimate population size over time. Some of the reconstructions are based on a set of implicit assumptions—that a large number of large sites is the result of a large population. Despite the plausibility of this assumption, fac…
A Middle Formative Irrigation System near Santa Clara Coatitlan in the Basin of Mexico
A major theoretical issue in studies of prehistoric societies in the Basin of Mexico concerns the relationship between irrigation and the development of prehistoric settlement systems. Locating and dating the remains of prehistoric water control systems, however, presents a major methodological problem. The discovery of a series of stratified prehistoric canals in the exposed profiles of contemporary borrow pits near Santa Clara Coatitlan provide…
Fifteen Years on the Rock: Archaeological Research, Administration, and Compliance on Black Mesa, Arizona
The Black Mesa Archaeological Project has been conducting field investigations and archaeological research in northeastern Arizona since 1967. The work is contracted for by Peabody Coal Company in order to comply with federal, state, and tribal statutes. The longevity of the project, as well as its size and complexity, affords a unique opportunity to evaluate and refine research, project administration, and legal compliance procedures. In most si…
The Economics of Urbanization and State Formation at Teotihuacan [and Comments and Reply]
Demographic Reconstructions in the American Southwest: Alternative Behavioral Means to the Same Archaeological Ends
Paleodemographic reconstructions are an important component of many evaluations of prehistoric cultural change, and the number of sites in an area, the size of those sites, or both of these variables are frequently used to estimate population size over time. Some of the reconstructions are based on a set of implicit assumptions—that a large number of large sites is the result of a large population. Despite the plausibility of this assumption, fac…
A Study of Basketmaker II Settlement on Black Mesa, Arizona: Excavations 1973-1979
Risk and Agricultural Intensification During the Formative Period in the Northern Basin of Mexico
The relationship between the development of hydraulic agriculture and the formation of sociopolitical hierarchies is a major issue in studies of the evolution of early civilizations in the Basin of Mexico and elsewhere. Previous explanations of agricultural intensification have emphasized population pressure and the effects of settlement nucleation and distance to markets. Neither factor, however, adequately explains the shift to hydraulic farmin…
Infrared Aerial Photography and Prehispanic Irrigation at Teotihuacan: The Tlajinga Canals
Infrared Aerial Photography and Prehispanic Irrigation at Teotihuacán: The Tlajinga Canals
Locating and dating remains of pre-Aztec hydraulic agricultural systems in the Basin of Mexico with conventional reconnaissance and survey methods is problematic. Near-infrared aerial photographs have revealed buried linear features resembling irrigation canals in several areas including the Tlajinga section of the pre-Columbian city of Teotihuacán. Excavations confirmed that the features are prehispanic floodwater irrigation canals. The most rec…
Ecological Theory and Cultural Evolution in the Valley of Oaxaca [and Comments and Reply]
Reply to Feinman and Nicholas: There Is No Frost in the Basin of Mexico
Watering the Fields of Teotihuacan: Early Irrigation at the Ancient City
Recent excavations in Tlailotlacan, the “Oaxaca barrio,” near the western periphery of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, revealed remains of irrigation features associated with the early history of the city. Small floodwater irrigation canals were found underneath a residential structure that had been occupied by Zapotec immigrants from Oaxaca. Radiocarbon dating, corroborated by ceramic evidence, places the earliest architecture in the Early Tlam…
Aztec craft production and specialization: Archaeological evidence from the city-state of Otumba, Mexico
Recent (1987–9) archaeological research within the Aztec city‐state of Otumba located in the northeastern Basin of Mexico has provided data relevant to a consideration of the role of craft specialization in the evolution of city‐states between the fall of Tula (c. AD 1150) and the arrival of the Spaniards (AD 1519). Designed to evaluate alternative models of such evolution the investigations have confirmed the presence of extensive archaeological…
Canal Irrigation in Prehistoric Mexico: The Sequence of Technological Change
The Postclassic Occupation at Otumba: A chronological assessment
The Aztec city-state of Otumba is the focus of a long-term project of archaeological investigation. Analysis of surface and excavated ceramics and obsidian-hydration dates for the capital—Otumba—indicate a dispersed Mazapan occupation, a scattered early Aztec (Aztec II) occupation, and an intense Late Aztec (Aztec III) and Early Colonial (Aztec III/IV) occupation. In the paper we incorporate recent radiocarbon dates to refine the local late Postc…
Women in Anthropology
Mary G. Hodge: 1946–1996
Mexican archaeology and ethnohistory are much diminished by the loss of Mary G. Hodge in the middle of her life and career. Her research, together with new and ongoing investigations by other archaeologists in the Basin of Mexico and in adjacent Morelos, Hidalgo, and the Toluca region initiated the first significant advance in Postclassic archaeology in central Mexico since the completion of the Basin of Mexico settlement-pattern surveys in the m…
The Aztecs . Michael E. Smith
Aztec Imperial Strategies
Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies
Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies. Linda Manzanilla. ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1997. 301 pp
Archaic States
Otumba and Its Neighbors: Ex Oriente Lux
Otumba is one of a few Late Aztec-period city-states in the Basin of Mexico whose central city or town is not obscured by post-Conquest occupation. Long-term research there began in the early 1960s, with more recent fieldwork between 1987 and 1989, and has been complemented by intensive laboratory and technical analyses that are still underway. Traditional typological analyses have been aided by neutron activation analyses providing strong eviden…
Production Intensification and Regional Specialization: Maguey Fibers and Textiles in the Aztec City-State of Otumba
Although textiles were important commodities in the Aztec political economy, it is widely held that textile production did not involve organized workshops. In the late 1960s, Charlton (1971, 1981) found a concentration of large spindle whorls at the Aztec city-state capital of Otumba that he interpreted as remains of a maguey-fiber workshop. A subsequent survey and surface collections made by the Otumba Project discovered additional concentration…
Provenience Investigation of Ceramics and Obsidian From Otumba
Obsidian and ceramic artifacts from the Otumba project were analyzed by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Sources for the obsidian were determined by comparison to a databank of Central Mexican source analyses. Ceramic sources were determined by comparison to a series of reference groups from the Basin of Mexico and by comparison with raw material samples. Obsidian from the lapidary workshop (Operation 11) comes predominantly from the Otu…
Buying and Selling the Past on www.com
Archeology Division: Message from the AD Chair
Archaeology (36 works) · Geography (33 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (32 works) · History (32 works) · Latin American history and culture (30 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Archaeology and Natural History (16 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Art (13 works) · Art history (13 works)