James M Olson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3924788 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James M Olson |
| GIVEN NAMES | James M |
| FAMILY NAME | Olson |
| SIGNATURE | OLSON J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Western University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5990-6534 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 290 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 54 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
To Catch a Spy: The Art of Counterintelligence
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
1 online resource
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Humor as an abrasive or a lubricant in social situations: Martineau revisited
In Martineau’s seminal chapter on the social functions of humor, he postulated some of the ways in which disparagement humor shapes social behavior. This research paper discusses three research studies that compared the effects of other-deprecating humor and self-deprecating humor on the observer and examines how they relate to Martineau’s theory. In our research, we hypothesized that people who observe ridicule of others experience “jeer pressur…
Social Influence
First published in 1987. This volume presents papers from the Fifth Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology, held at the University of Waterloo, August 21-23, 1984. The contributors are active researchers in the area of social influence. One of the purposes of this volume is to provide an accurate picture of our current knowledge about social influence processes. Thus, the chapters describe important recent developments in this are…
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Social Influence: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 5
Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 4
The Psychology of Prejudice: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 7
Contents: Preface. R.C. Gardner, Stereotypes as Consensual Beliefs. M. Snyder, P. Miene, On the Functions of Stereotypes and Prejudice. M.R. Banaji, A.G. Greenwald, Implicit Stereotyping and Prejudice. V.M. Esses, G. Haddock, M.P. Zanna, The Role of Mood in the Expression of Intergroup Stereotypes. S.L. Neuberg, Expectancy-Confirmation Processes in Stereotype-Tinged Social Encounters: The Moderating Role of Social Goals. B. Altemeyer, Reducing Pr…
The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 8
Contents: Preface. S. Schwartz, Value Priorities and Behavior: Applying a Theory of Integrated Value Systems. P.E. Tetlock, R.S. Peterson, J.S. Lerner, Revising the Value Pluralism Model: Incorporating Social Content and Context Postulates. C. Seligman, A.N. Katz, The Dynamics of Value Systems. C.M. Kristiansen, A.M. Hotte, Morality and the Self: Implications for the When and How of Value-Attitude-Behavior Relations. S.L. Murray, G. Haddock, M.P.…
Attitudes in Social Behavior
Attitudes have important consequences for understanding social behavior. As tendencies to evaluate a particular target with favor or disfavor, attitudes are related to other important psychological constructs (e.g., values, goals), while being conceptually and empirically unique. In this chapter, we review social psychological research and theory about attitudes and their link to behavior. After defining attitudes and comparing them to other impo…
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
Justice motive effects in ageism: The effects of a victim's age on observer perceptions of injustice and punishment judgments
The Psychology of Justice and Legitimacy
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
The Biological Roots of Complex Thinking: Are Heritable Attitudes More Complex
Are highly heritable attitudes more or less complex than less heritable attitudes? Over 2,000 participant responses on topics varying in heritability were coded for overall integrative complexity and its 2 subcomponents (dialectical complexity and elaborative complexity). Across different heritability sets drawn from 2 separate prior twin research programs, the present results yielded a consistent pattern: Heritability was always significantly po…
Personal relative deprivation, delay discounting, and gambling
Several lines of research have provided evidence for a relation between personal relative deprivation and gambling. Despite this knowledge, little is known about possible psychological mechanisms through which personal relative deprivation exerts its influence on gambling. The authors of this research sought to examine one such mechanism: the desire for immediate rewards. Using complementary approaches to studying psychological mechanisms, they t…
Distinguishing Two Meanings of Moral Exclusion: Exclusion from Moral Principles or Principled Harm-Doing
The effects of priming legal concepts on perceived trust and competitiveness, self-interested attitudes, and competitive behavior
Relations between Values, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions: The Moderating Role of Attitude Function
Personal relative deprivation, delay discounting, and gambling
Several lines of research have provided evidence for a relation between personal relative deprivation and gambling. Despite this knowledge, little is known about possible psychological mechanisms through which personal relative deprivation exerts its influence on gambling. The authors of this research sought to examine one such mechanism: the desire for immediate rewards. Using complementary approaches to studying psychological mechanisms, they t…
Uncertainty orientation and persuasion: Individual differences in the effects of personal relevance on social judgments
The heritability of attitudes: A study of twins
The genetic basis of individual differences in attitudes was examined in a survey of 195 pairs of monozygotic twins and 141 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins. A principal components analysis of the 30 attitude items in the survey identified 9 attitude factors, of which 6 yielded significant heritability coefficients. Nonshared environmental factors accounted for the most variance in the attitude factors. Possible mediators of attitude heritabilit…
Counterfactuals, Causal Attributions, and the Hindsight Bias: A Conceptual Integration
Addressing Discrepancies between Values and Behavior: The Motivating Effect of Reasons
Attitude Importance as a Function of Repeated Attitude Expression
Attitude–behavior consistency: An individual difference perspective
Past research suggests that an attitude representing a summary of prior behaviors toward the attitude object is more predictive of subsequent behaviors than is an attitude based on nonbehavioral information. The implications of this finding for an individual difference approach to the issue of attitudebehavior consistency were examined. It was predicted that only individuals whose past behaviors have been relatively invariant (low behavioral vari…
A new look at selective exposure
Foregoing the labor for the fruits: The effect of just world threat on the desire for immediate monetary rewards
The (null) effects of exposure to disparagement humor on stereotypes and attitudes
False feedback about placebo effectiveness: Consequences for the misattribution of speech anxiety
Self-esteem and counterfactual thinking
Two studies examined the relation between self-esteem and counterfactual thinking (consideration of "might-have-been" alternatives to reality). Ss imagined themselves in scenarios with another actor that resulted in either success or failure. Ss then "undid" the outcome by altering events that preceded the outcome. Following success, high self-esteem (HSE) Ss were more likely than low self-esteem (LSE) Ss to mutate their own actions. Following fa…
Misattribution, preparatory information, and speech anxiety
In two experiments with undergraduate subjects, I compared the effects of misattribution versus information manipulations on speech anxiety. In Experiment 1, some subjects were allegedly exposed to subliminal noise while reading a speech in front of a camera. These subjects were told that subliminal noise makes people feel either unpleasantly aroused or pleasantly relaxed or that it has no effect. Subjects in a fourth condition were given accurat…
Justice motive effects in ageism: The effects of a victim's age on observer perceptions of injustice and punishment judgments
Does self-perception change explain the foot-in-the-door effect
Consent to perform a small favor increases a respondent's susceptibility to perform a relatively large favor. This phenomenon, known as the foot-in-the-door effect, is considered to result from induced self-perception changes: the respondent comes to feel helpful for doing the small favor and complies again later out ofa desire to maintain the instilled self-view. This study did not find a link between self-perception changes and large-request co…
Self-perception of humor: Evidence for discounting and augmentation effects
Self-perception theory (Bem 1972) implies that enjoyment of humorous stimuli is inferred by taking into account external factors affecting overt mirth. As a test of this logic, 60 women read 2 equally funny sets of jokes. A laugh track was played in their headphones for 1 of 2 sets of jokes. Although the laugh track had no impact on Ss' mirth, Ss were told that it would facilitate, inhibit or not affect smiling and laughter. As predicted, in a la…
Perceived qualifications, resource abundance, and resentment about deprivation
Distinguishing Two Meanings of Moral Exclusion: Exclusion from Moral Principles or Principled Harm-Doing
You're OK, I'm OK: The Self-Presentation of Affective Reactions to Deprivation
Attitude Dissimulation and Persuasion
What the shadow knows: Person perception in a surveillance situation
Under one of three task conditions, male subjects observed a prescribed behavior sequence performed by a female confederate. Covert-surveillance subjects followed her in public, having been told that she was randomly chosen as a target and was unaware of the surveillance. Overt-surveillance subjects actively followed the target, but knew of her role as confederate. Inactive subjects viewed a videotape of the behavior sequence. It was hypothesized…
Humor as an abrasive or a lubricant in social situations: Martineau revisited
In Martineau’s seminal chapter on the social functions of humor, he postulated some of the ways in which disparagement humor shapes social behavior. This research paper discusses three research studies that compared the effects of other-deprecating humor and self-deprecating humor on the observer and examines how they relate to Martineau’s theory. In our research, we hypothesized that people who observe ridicule of others experience “jeer pressur…
Relative versus absolute measures of explicit attitudes: Implications for predicting diverse attitude-relevant criteria
The authors report 4 studies exploring a self-report strategy for measuring explicit attitudes that uses "relative" ratings, in which respondents indicate how favorable or unfavorable they are compared with other people. Results consistently showed that attitudes measured with relative scales predicted relevant criterion variables (self-report of behavior, measures of knowledge, peer ratings of attitudes, peer ratings of behavior) better than did…
Covariation information, causal questioning, and interpersonal behavior
The Social Views of Prussian Primary School Teachers During the Wilhelmian Era
The old German school was dull grey .... The rooms were grey, dull, and monotonous .... The sharp, strained, high-pitched voices of the pupils were always shouting out the answers to questions or reciting memorized lessons. The formal autocrat of a teacher seemed profoundly conscious of his responsibility to the nation and king. German teachers and children were all in a groove moving relentlessly forward toward a fate to which they had all been …
What the shadow knows: Person perception in a surveillance situation
Under one of three task conditions, male subjects observed a prescribed behavior sequence performed by a female confederate. Covert-surveillance subjects followed her in public, having been told that she was randomly chosen as a target and was unaware of the surveillance. Overt-surveillance subjects actively followed the target, but knew of her role as confederate. Inactive subjects viewed a videotape of the behavior sequence. It was hypothesized…
Radical Social Democracy and School Reform in Wilhelmian Germany
THE German Social Democratic Party, the most influential socialist party in Europe and the largest single political movement in Germany on the eve of World War I, was a major force promoting educational reform in the Wilhelmian period. The party's reform activities centered on the Volksschule, the common elementary school maintained by the German states to inculcate piety, patriotism, and the work ethic in the children of factory workers, artisan…
A new look at selective exposure
Attitude-behavior consistency: An individual difference perspective
Attitude–behavior consistency: An individual difference perspective
Past research suggests that an attitude representing a summary of prior behaviors toward the attitude object is more predictive of subsequent behaviors than is an attitude based on nonbehavioral information. The implications of this finding for an individual difference approach to the issue of attitudebehavior consistency were examined. It was predicted that only individuals whose past behaviors have been relatively invariant (low behavioral vari…
Repression-sensitization differences in responses to a decision
Repression-sensitization differences in postdecisional dissonance reduction were investigated. Repressors (who typically employ “avoidance” strategies for dealing with threatening stimuli) and sensitizers (who typically “approach” threatening stimuli) were allowed to choose and keep, as payment for participation in the experiment, one of two pairs of long-playing record albums. Control subjects indicated which pair of albums they preferred, but d…
Source credibility, attitudes, and the recall of past behaviours
The hypothesis that individuals' memory for their past behaviours may be biased toward apparent consistency with their current attitudes was tested by exposing subjects to a message that argued against frequent toothbrushing. Some subjects believed that the source of this message was an expert (high credibility condition), whereas other subjects learned after the message that the speaker was misinformed (low credibility condition). Subjects in th…
Perceived qualifications, resource abundance, and resentment about deprivation
The Controlled Carbonization and Archaeological Analysis of SE U. S. Wood Charcoals
Covariation information, causal questioning, and interpersonal behavior
Uncertainty orientation and persuasion: Individual differences in the effects of personal relevance on social judgments
False feedback about placebo effectiveness: Consequences for the misattribution of speech anxiety
Misattribution, preparatory information, and speech anxiety
In two experiments with undergraduate subjects, I compared the effects of misattribution versus information manipulations on speech anxiety. In Experiment 1, some subjects were allegedly exposed to subliminal noise while reading a speech in front of a camera. These subjects were told that subliminal noise makes people feel either unpleasantly aroused or pleasantly relaxed or that it has no effect. Subjects in a fourth condition were given accurat…
Beliefs in a Just World and Reactions to Personal Deprivation
We hypothesized that strong believers in a just world would be motivated to perceive personal deprivation as fair and to report little resentment, compared to weak believers in a just world In two experiments, subjects performed a computer task to earn points toward a goal that had desirable consequences In the first study, some subjects chose their computer task, whereas other subjects were randomly assigned to a task In the second study, some s…
Self-perception of humor: Evidence for discounting and augmentation effects
Self-perception theory (Bem 1972) implies that enjoyment of humorous stimuli is inferred by taking into account external factors affecting overt mirth. As a test of this logic, 60 women read 2 equally funny sets of jokes. A laugh track was played in their headphones for 1 of 2 sets of jokes. Although the laugh track had no impact on Ss' mirth, Ss were told that it would facilitate, inhibit or not affect smiling and laughter. As predicted, in a la…
Attitudes and Attitude Change
INTRODUCTION 118 ATTITUDE STRUCTURE 118 Definitions of Attitude I 19 Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Correlates of Attitudes 120 Attitude Attributes 122 Meas urement of Attitudes ..... . ......... ........ ...... .. . 123 VALUES AND ATTITUDES 125 Value-Attitude Relations 125 Functions of Attitudes: Value Expression Versus Object Appraisal 125 ATTITUDE FORMATION 127 Conditioning of Attitudes ....... .. 127 Heritability of Attitudes ......... …
Self-esteem and counterfactual thinking
Two studies examined the relation between self-esteem and counterfactual thinking (consideration of "might-have-been" alternatives to reality). Ss imagined themselves in scenarios with another actor that resulted in either success or failure. Ss then "undid" the outcome by altering events that preceded the outcome. Following success, high self-esteem (HSE) Ss were more likely than low self-esteem (LSE) Ss to mutate their own actions. Following fa…
Attitude Importance as a Function of Repeated Attitude Expression
Relations between Values, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions: The Moderating Role of Attitude Function
Does self-perception change explain the foot-in-the-door effect
Consent to perform a small favor increases a respondent's susceptibility to perform a relatively large favor. This phenomenon, known as the foot-in-the-door effect, is considered to result from induced self-perception changes: the respondent comes to feel helpful for doing the small favor and complies again later out ofa desire to maintain the instilled self-view. This study did not find a link between self-perception changes and large-request co…
Counterfactuals, Causal Attributions, and the Hindsight Bias: A Conceptual Integration
Values as truisms: Evidence and implications
Three experiments tested the general hypothesis that values are cultural truisms-that is, beliefs that are widely shared and rarely questioned. Experiment 1 examined specifically whether people lack cognitive support for their values. It was predicted and found that analyzing one's reasons for particular values caused the values to change, a finding that would be expected only if individuals lack cognitive support for their values. Experiment 2 v…
Attitude Dissimulation and Persuasion
The (null) effects of exposure to disparagement humor on stereotypes and attitudes
Psychology (44 works) · Social Psychology (41 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (26 works) · Social Psychology (23 works) · Cognitive psychology (14 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (14 works) · Social psychology (14 works) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (12 works) · Perception (11 works) · Research (11 works)