M Shipley
Biographic Data
| ID | 3926708 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Shipley |
| GIVEN NAMES | M |
| FAMILY NAME | Shipley |
| SIGNATURE | SHIPLEY M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 432 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
P2-118 Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK dietary cohort consortium
Introduction Vitamin C intake has been inversely associated with breast cancer risk in case-control studies, but not in meta-analyses of cohort studies using Food Frequency Questionnaires. No study has assessed this relationship prospectively using food diaries which may more accurately measure intake. Methods Estimated dietary vitamin C intake was derived from 4 to 7 day food diaries pooled from five prospective studies in the UK Dietary Cohort …
P2-26 Smoking and mortality in old age: 12-Year follow-up of 7000 men in the Whitehall resurvey
Introduction We sought to assess the strength of associations of smoking with cause-specific mortality in older men. Methods In a prospective study of surviving participants of the Whitehall study of male civil servants recruited in 1967–1970, 7044 were resurveyed in 1997-1998 (mean age 77 years; range 66–97) and followed for cause-specific mortality. HRs in relation to smoking habits in old age were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model…
Work disability following major organisational change: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
Binge drinking in midlife and the risk of developing depression during 24 years of follow-up
Objective To examine the relationship between binge drinking at baseline and the onset of new depression during 24 years of follow-up after adjustment for age, socio-economic status, education and marital status. Design and setting Data from phases 1 (1985–1988) to 9 (2007–2009) of the Whitehall II prospective cohort were used. Participants 5985 (male=4161, female=1824) British civil servants aged 35–55 years who were free from depression at base…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves: What is the role of the wave 1 cognitive measure
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
Who benefits most from the cardioprotective properties of alcohol consumption—health freaks or couch potatoes
BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective properties of moderate alcohol consumption, compared with abstinence or heavy drinking, are widely reported, but whether the benefits are experienced equally by all moderate drinkers is less well known. AIMS: To examine the association between average alcohol intake per week and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction during 17 years of follow-up for 9655 men and women without prevalent disease …
Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: Evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study
Gender differences in the relationship of partner's social class to behavioural risk factors and social support in the Whitehall II study
Socioeconomic Position, Health, and Possible Explanations: A Tale of Two Cohorts
Objectives. We examined whether the social gradient for measures of morbidity is comparable in English and French public employees and investigated risk factors that may explain this gradient. Methods. This longitudinal study of 2 occupational cohorts—5825 London civil servants and 6818 French office-based employees—used 2 health outcomes: long spells of sickness absence during a 4-year follow-up and self-reported health. Results. Strong social g…
Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contribution of adult compared with early life socioeconomic status as predictors of morbidity attributable to coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic bronchitis and depression in the Whitehall II study of British civil servants. DESIGN: Prospective observational study with mean 5.3 years (range 3.7-7.6) follow up. SETTING: 20 civil service departments originally located in London. PARTICIPANTS: 6895 male …
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II Study.
OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to p…
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
Are risk factors for atherothrombotic disease associated with back pain sickness absence? The Whitehall II Study
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the previously stated hypothesis that risk factors for atherothrombotic disease are associated with back pain. DESIGN: Prospective (mean of four years of follow up) and retrospective analyses using two main outcome measures: (a) short ( 7 days) spells of sickness absence because of back pain reported separately in men and women; (b) consistency of effect across the resulting four duration of spell and sex cells. SETTIN…
Gender, social relations and mental health: Prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II study)
Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants
DESIGN: To assess the feasibility of conducting a re-survey of men who are resident in the United Kingdom 25 years after enrollment in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants. METHODS: A random sample of 401 study survivors resident in three health authority areas was selected for this pilot study. They were mailed a request to complete a self administered questionnaire, and then asked to attend their general practice to have their blood pre…
An uncertain future: The health effects of threats to employment security in white-collar men and women
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 Year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study
Objective : To assess the risk of death associated with work based and non-work based measures of socioeconomic status before and after retirement age. Design : Follow up study of mortality in relation to employment grade and car ownership over 25 years. Setting : The first Whitehall study. Subjects : 18 133 male civil servants aged 40–69 years who attended a screening examination between 1967 and 1970. Main outcome measure : Death. Results : Gra…
Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study
OBJECTIVES. This study sought to examine the association between the psychosocial work environment and subsequent rates of sickness absence. METHODS. The analyses were based on a cohort of male and female British civil servants (n=9072). Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickness absence were calculated for different aspects of the psychosocial work environment, as measured by self-reports and personnel managers' ratings (external assessments). …
Sickness absence as a measure of health status and functioning: From the UK Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relationship between self reported health status and sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data from the first phase of the Whitehall II study--a longitudinal study set up to investigate the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity and mortality. SETTING--London offices of 20 civil service departments. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6895 male and 3413 female civil serva…
Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine in detail the cause specific associations between height and mortality. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study with an 18 year mortality follow up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS--The Whitehall study of 18,403 men in the civil service in London examined between 1967 and 1969 aged 40-64 and followed up for mortality until the end of January 1987. MAIN RESULTS--There was considerable variation in the strength of height-mortality a…
Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London: The role of social support and material problems
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of social supports, social networks, and chronic stressors: (i) as predictors of sickness absence; and (ii) as potential explanations for the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study (Whitehall II study) with sociodemographic factors, health and social support measured at baseline, and spells of sickness absence measured prospectively. SETTING--Twenty London based non-…
Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: The Whitehall II Study.
OBJECTIVE--To describe and explain the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study. Grade of employment was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. SETTING--20 civil service departments in London. SUBJECTS--6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickne…
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of marital status on mortality for men. In particular, to examine whether subgroups of unmarried men (widowed, single, and divorced/separated men) have a similar mortality to married men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--Whitehall civil service, London, between 1967 and 1969. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 18,403 men aged 40-64 years with 18 years' follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cause-specific mortality…
Overweight and stroke in the Whitehall study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the risk of increasing overweight for death from stroke. DESIGN--This was a prospective cohort study, in which the main outcome measure was the mortality ratio for stroke with increasing body mass index. SETTING--Civil service departments, Whitehall, London. SUBJECTS--Participants were 17,753 men aged 40 to 64 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--208 stroke deaths were recorded. Men aged 40 to 54 in the mo…
Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall Study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to explore the magnitude and causes of the differences in mortality rates according to socioeconomic position in a cohort of civil servants. DESIGN--This was a prospective observational study of civil servants followed up for 10 years after baseline data collection. SETTING--Civil service offices in London. PARTICIPANTS--11,678 male civil servants were studied, aged 40-64 at baseline screening between 1967 and 1969. T…
Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall Study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to explore the magnitude and causes of the differences in mortality rates according to socioeconomic position in a cohort of civil servants. DESIGN--This was a prospective observational study of civil servants followed up for 10 years after baseline data collection. SETTING--Civil service offices in London. PARTICIPANTS--11,678 male civil servants were studied, aged 40-64 at baseline screening between 1967 and 1969. T…
Sickness absence as a measure of health status and functioning: From the UK Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relationship between self reported health status and sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data from the first phase of the Whitehall II study--a longitudinal study set up to investigate the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity and mortality. SETTING--London offices of 20 civil service departments. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6895 male and 3413 female civil serva…
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of marital status on mortality for men. In particular, to examine whether subgroups of unmarried men (widowed, single, and divorced/separated men) have a similar mortality to married men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--Whitehall civil service, London, between 1967 and 1969. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 18,403 men aged 40-64 years with 18 years' follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cause-specific mortality…
Gender, social relations and mental health: Prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II study)
Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contribution of adult compared with early life socioeconomic status as predictors of morbidity attributable to coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic bronchitis and depression in the Whitehall II study of British civil servants. DESIGN: Prospective observational study with mean 5.3 years (range 3.7-7.6) follow up. SETTING: 20 civil service departments originally located in London. PARTICIPANTS: 6895 male …
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
An uncertain future: The health effects of threats to employment security in white-collar men and women
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study
OBJECTIVES. This study sought to examine the association between the psychosocial work environment and subsequent rates of sickness absence. METHODS. The analyses were based on a cohort of male and female British civil servants (n=9072). Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickness absence were calculated for different aspects of the psychosocial work environment, as measured by self-reports and personnel managers' ratings (external assessments). …
Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine in detail the cause specific associations between height and mortality. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study with an 18 year mortality follow up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS--The Whitehall study of 18,403 men in the civil service in London examined between 1967 and 1969 aged 40-64 and followed up for mortality until the end of January 1987. MAIN RESULTS--There was considerable variation in the strength of height-mortality a…
Socioeconomic Position, Health, and Possible Explanations: A Tale of Two Cohorts
Objectives. We examined whether the social gradient for measures of morbidity is comparable in English and French public employees and investigated risk factors that may explain this gradient. Methods. This longitudinal study of 2 occupational cohorts—5825 London civil servants and 6818 French office-based employees—used 2 health outcomes: long spells of sickness absence during a 4-year follow-up and self-reported health. Results. Strong social g…
Gender differences in the relationship of partner's social class to behavioural risk factors and social support in the Whitehall II study
A randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice: 10-Year Results
Ten-year results are reported from a randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in 1445 male smokers, aged 40-59, at high risk of cardiorespiratory disease. After one year reported cigarette consumption in the intervention group (714 men) was one-quarter that of the "normal care" group (731 men); over 10 years the net reported reduction averaged 53%. The intervention group experienced less nasal obstruction, cough, dyspnoea, and loss of v…
Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London: The role of social support and material problems
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of social supports, social networks, and chronic stressors: (i) as predictors of sickness absence; and (ii) as potential explanations for the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study (Whitehall II study) with sociodemographic factors, health and social support measured at baseline, and spells of sickness absence measured prospectively. SETTING--Twenty London based non-…
Overweight and stroke in the Whitehall study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the risk of increasing overweight for death from stroke. DESIGN--This was a prospective cohort study, in which the main outcome measure was the mortality ratio for stroke with increasing body mass index. SETTING--Civil service departments, Whitehall, London. SUBJECTS--Participants were 17,753 men aged 40 to 64 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--208 stroke deaths were recorded. Men aged 40 to 54 in the mo…
Cigarettes, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease: The effects of inhalation and tar yield
Ten-year mortality rates for lung cancer and coronary heart disease have been related to cigarette smoking habits in 17 475 male civil servants aged 40-64 and in sample of 8089 male British residents aged 35-69. Both diseases were more frequent in smokers. Lung cancer rates were higher overall for "non-inhalers", particularly in heavy smokers. Tar yield correlated with the risk of lung cancer in non-inhalers but less so in inhalers. Conversely, c…
Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants
DESIGN: To assess the feasibility of conducting a re-survey of men who are resident in the United Kingdom 25 years after enrollment in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants. METHODS: A random sample of 401 study survivors resident in three health authority areas was selected for this pilot study. They were mailed a request to complete a self administered questionnaire, and then asked to attend their general practice to have their blood pre…
Work disability following major organisational change: The Whitehall II study
BACKGROUND: Privatisation and private sector practices have been increasingly applied to the public sector in many industrialised countries. Over the same period, long-term work disability has risen substantially. We examined whether a major organisational change--the transfer of public sector work to executive agencies run on private sector lines--was associated with an increased risk of work disability. METHODS: The study uses self-reported dat…
Socioeconomic position and cognitive decline using data from two waves: What is the role of the wave 1 cognitive measure
BACKGROUND: Analysis of change in health status using data from two waves can be examined either adjusted or unadjusted for baseline health status. The effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on cognitive change was assessed using both these strategies and the implications of the analyses are discussed. METHODS: Data from 1261 men and 483 women of the Whitehall II cohort study, aged 50-55 years at wave 1, were used. Cognition was assessed at both …
Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants.
The relationship between grade of employment, coronary risk factors, and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has been investigated in a longitudinal study of 17 530 civil servants working in London. After seven and a half years of follow-up there was a clear inverse relationship between grade of employment and CHD mortality. Men in the lowest grade (messengers) had 3.6 times the CHD mortality of men in the highest employment grade (administrat…
Cigarettes, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease: The effects of inhalation and tar yield
Ten-year mortality rates for lung cancer and coronary heart disease have been related to cigarette smoking habits in 17 475 male civil servants aged 40-64 and in sample of 8089 male British residents aged 35-69. Both diseases were more frequent in smokers. Lung cancer rates were higher overall for "non-inhalers", particularly in heavy smokers. Tar yield correlated with the risk of lung cancer in non-inhalers but less so in inhalers. Conversely, c…
A randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice: 10-Year Results
Ten-year results are reported from a randomised controlled trial of anti-smoking advice in 1445 male smokers, aged 40-59, at high risk of cardiorespiratory disease. After one year reported cigarette consumption in the intervention group (714 men) was one-quarter that of the "normal care" group (731 men); over 10 years the net reported reduction averaged 53%. The intervention group experienced less nasal obstruction, cough, dyspnoea, and loss of v…
Inequalities in Death—specific Explanations of a General Pattern?
Society for Social Medicine
Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall Study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to explore the magnitude and causes of the differences in mortality rates according to socioeconomic position in a cohort of civil servants. DESIGN--This was a prospective observational study of civil servants followed up for 10 years after baseline data collection. SETTING--Civil service offices in London. PARTICIPANTS--11,678 male civil servants were studied, aged 40-64 at baseline screening between 1967 and 1969. T…
Overweight and stroke in the Whitehall study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the risk of increasing overweight for death from stroke. DESIGN--This was a prospective cohort study, in which the main outcome measure was the mortality ratio for stroke with increasing body mass index. SETTING--Civil service departments, Whitehall, London. SUBJECTS--Participants were 17,753 men aged 40 to 64 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--208 stroke deaths were recorded. Men aged 40 to 54 in the mo…
Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: The Whitehall II Study.
OBJECTIVE--To describe and explain the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study. Grade of employment was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. SETTING--20 civil service departments in London. SUBJECTS--6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickne…
Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of marital status on mortality for men. In particular, to examine whether subgroups of unmarried men (widowed, single, and divorced/separated men) have a similar mortality to married men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--Whitehall civil service, London, between 1967 and 1969. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 18,403 men aged 40-64 years with 18 years' follow up. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Cause-specific mortality…
Sickness absence as a measure of health status and functioning: From the UK Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relationship between self reported health status and sickness absence. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire and sickness absence data from the first phase of the Whitehall II study--a longitudinal study set up to investigate the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity and mortality. SETTING--London offices of 20 civil service departments. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6895 male and 3413 female civil serva…
Adult height and mortality in London: Early life, socioeconomic confounding, or shrinkage
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine in detail the cause specific associations between height and mortality. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study with an 18 year mortality follow up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS--The Whitehall study of 18,403 men in the civil service in London examined between 1967 and 1969 aged 40-64 and followed up for mortality until the end of January 1987. MAIN RESULTS--There was considerable variation in the strength of height-mortality a…
Sickness absence in the Whitehall II study, London: The role of social support and material problems
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of social supports, social networks, and chronic stressors: (i) as predictors of sickness absence; and (ii) as potential explanations for the socioeconomic gradient in sickness absence. DESIGN--A prospective cohort study (Whitehall II study) with sociodemographic factors, health and social support measured at baseline, and spells of sickness absence measured prospectively. SETTING--Twenty London based non-…
Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 Year follow up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study
Objective : To assess the risk of death associated with work based and non-work based measures of socioeconomic status before and after retirement age. Design : Follow up study of mortality in relation to employment grade and car ownership over 25 years. Setting : The first Whitehall study. Subjects : 18 133 male civil servants aged 40–69 years who attended a screening examination between 1967 and 1970. Main outcome measure : Death. Results : Gra…
Psychosocial work environment and sickness absence among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study
OBJECTIVES. This study sought to examine the association between the psychosocial work environment and subsequent rates of sickness absence. METHODS. The analyses were based on a cohort of male and female British civil servants (n=9072). Rates of short spells ( 7 days) of sickness absence were calculated for different aspects of the psychosocial work environment, as measured by self-reports and personnel managers' ratings (external assessments). …
Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants
DESIGN: To assess the feasibility of conducting a re-survey of men who are resident in the United Kingdom 25 years after enrollment in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants. METHODS: A random sample of 401 study survivors resident in three health authority areas was selected for this pilot study. They were mailed a request to complete a self administered questionnaire, and then asked to attend their general practice to have their blood pre…
An uncertain future: The health effects of threats to employment security in white-collar men and women
OBJECTIVES: This study examined changes in the health status of civil servants whose employment security was threatened. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort of 10,308 men and women, office staff in 20 British civil service departments. Physiological measurements, self-reported morbidity, and health-related behaviors for 530 members of the department under threat were compared with those of 19 other departments, during the period…
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: Prospective results from the Whitehall II Study.
OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to p…
When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic position with cardiovascular risk factors measured in adulthood. To estimate the effects of adult socioeconomic position after adjustment for childhood circumstances. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, using the relative index of inequality method to compare socioeconomic differences at different life stages. SETTING: The Whitehall II longitudinal study of men and women e…
Are risk factors for atherothrombotic disease associated with back pain sickness absence? The Whitehall II Study
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the previously stated hypothesis that risk factors for atherothrombotic disease are associated with back pain. DESIGN: Prospective (mean of four years of follow up) and retrospective analyses using two main outcome measures: (a) short ( 7 days) spells of sickness absence because of back pain reported separately in men and women; (b) consistency of effect across the resulting four duration of spell and sex cells. SETTIN…
Gender, social relations and mental health: Prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II study)
Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative contribution of adult compared with early life socioeconomic status as predictors of morbidity attributable to coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic bronchitis and depression in the Whitehall II study of British civil servants. DESIGN: Prospective observational study with mean 5.3 years (range 3.7-7.6) follow up. SETTING: 20 civil service departments originally located in London. PARTICIPANTS: 6895 male …
Socioeconomic Position, Health, and Possible Explanations: A Tale of Two Cohorts
Objectives. We examined whether the social gradient for measures of morbidity is comparable in English and French public employees and investigated risk factors that may explain this gradient. Methods. This longitudinal study of 2 occupational cohorts—5825 London civil servants and 6818 French office-based employees—used 2 health outcomes: long spells of sickness absence during a 4-year follow-up and self-reported health. Results. Strong social g…
Gender differences in the relationship of partner's social class to behavioural risk factors and social support in the Whitehall II study
Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: Evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study
Who benefits most from the cardioprotective properties of alcohol consumption—health freaks or couch potatoes
BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective properties of moderate alcohol consumption, compared with abstinence or heavy drinking, are widely reported, but whether the benefits are experienced equally by all moderate drinkers is less well known. AIMS: To examine the association between average alcohol intake per week and the incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction during 17 years of follow-up for 9655 men and women without prevalent disease …
Medicine (29 works) · Demography (21 works) · Gerontology (17 works) · Internal Medicine (16 works) · Gerontology (15 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (12 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (12 works) · Environmental health (11 works) · Population (11 works)