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Carol Atkinson

Biographic Data

ID3929380
NAMECarol Atkinson
GIVEN NAMESCarol
FAMILY NAMEAtkinson
SIGNATUREATKINSON C
AFFILIATIONSManchester Metropolitan University
ORCID0000-0002-3795-7442
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS15
TOTAL CITATIONS171
AUTHOR COUNT15
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2006
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX7
  • Getting In but Not Getting On: Inequality Regimes, Usurpation and Resistance in the Medical Profession

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Carol Woodhams•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2026

    This article explores inequality regimes in medicine, examining structures that create social closure and explaining the under-representation of women from racio-ethnic minorities at senior levels and in high-status specialties. We juxtapose these with agency to evidence how inequality regimes are experienced and navigated through accommodatory usurpation and everyday resistance. Drawing on 26 interviews with women of varying racio-ethnic backgro…

  • Reimagining the Egalitarian Society: A Community-wide Approach to Transcending the Gender Division of Paid and Unpaid Labour

    Open Access•Reece Garcia, Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2026•References: 12

    Participant observation and interviews in a large community unique for enacting gender egalitarianism provide evidence that subversive, collective action at the interactional level can redo gender at the wider institutional level. A series of interdependent practices collectively designed and undertaken through member interaction effectively created sustained structural and cultural changes at the institutional level – which simultaneously create…

  • Inter-identity threats and opportunities shaping professional influence for the Allied Health Profession (AHP) healthcare workforce: A Study of Identity Paradox

    Open Access•Sophie Crozier, Carol Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•2025•References: 21

  • The Menopause Taboo at Work: Examining Women's Embodied Experiences of Menopause in the UK Police Service

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Fiona Carmichael et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 21•References: 41

    This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge about gendered ageing at work through an examination of the embodied experiences of women undergoing menopause transition in the UK police service. Drawing on 1197 survey responses, providing both quantitative and qualitative data gathered across three police forces in 2017-18, the findings highlight the importance of a material-discursive approach that considers contextual influences on w…

  • You Just Had to Get on with It: Exploring the Persistence of Gender Inequality through Women's Career Histories

    Open Access•Jackie Ford, Carol Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 44

    This article examines the career histories of the first generation of UK women to enter professional employment in the 1970s and 1980s in comparatively large numbers. In so doing, it contributes to the sparse literature on older women's working life histories. Presenting empirical research on women's experiences in the legal and HR sectors, it reveals how women pioneers were often silenced by requirements to conform with male-dominated norms, val…

  • Hybrid Threats and the Erosion of Democracy from Within: US Surveillance and European Security

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Giacomo Chiozza•ARTICLE•Chinese Political Science Review•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 12

  • The expectations and aspirations of a late-career professional woman

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Jackie Ford et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2015•Cited by: 11•References: 19

    This article presents a powerful account of one late-career woman's lived experiences. Little is known about women who continue professional careers into their 50s and beyond. Here insights are offered into her aspirations and expectations, as she reflects upon a career fragmented by gendered caring responsibilities and the implications of ageism and sexism together with health and body for her late-career phase. The narrative enhances understand…

  • The Archaeology of Identity: Excavating Martha Jefferson's Entanglements

    Carol Atkinson, Carol A Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•The International Journal of…•2013•Cited by: 9

    While every American school child knows about President Thomas Jefferson, few know about his wife. Virginia Scarf's intimate look at the Women Jefferson Loved added to Jefferson's biography and seems on the surface to be a revelation of the degradation even wealthy white women lived with during the late 18th century. But what Scarf's text really does is to provide a panoramic view of the repetitions of family patterns and then brings under the mi…

  • Policy and Gender in Adult Social Care Work

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Rosemary Lucas•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2012•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    There are inherent tensions between government policy on adult social care work in England and the practice of that care work. This paper locates these tensions within the masculine model of professionalization contained in English adult social care policy and its interpretation by a largely female workforce. We situate our analysis within critical realism, exploring street – level bureaucracy in manager and care worker policy interpretations. We…

  • Leadership and Commitment: The United States of America and the Future of the Northeast Asian Order

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Giacomo Chiozza•ARTICLE•Pacific Focus•2011•References: 11

    Since the end of World War II, peace, prosperity, and democracy have flourished in Northeast Asia in large part due to the USA's willingness to devote extraordinary resources and exert leadership through a series of bilateral commitments to the nations of the region. In the past two decades, crises in other parts of the world have captured US attention and resources: in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Soviet Union and now in the Middle East.…

  • Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Student Exchange Programs 1980â2006

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Foreign Policy Analysis•2010•Cited by: 39•References: 16

    Democratic governance depends not only on the building of democratic institutions but also on citizens' knowledge about how these institutions should function in their everyday lives. I argue that US-hosted educational exchange programs are one mechanism whereby citizens of nondemocratic states might experience life firsthand in a democratic country. Their experiences may impact the political institutions and influence political behavior in their…

  • Using nuclear weapons

    Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2010•Cited by: 1•References: 3

    An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button

  • The Role of Gender in Varying Forms of Flexible Working

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Laura Hall•ARTICLE•Gender Work and Organization•2009•Cited by: 14•References: 7

    In this article we present empirical data from a research study investigating the implementation of the flexible working policies that emanate from the improving working lives standard in a National Health Service Trust in the UK. We argue that gender is accorded insufficient focus in the literature, considering the barriers that create a take‐up gap in formal flexible working practices. We further argue that gendered perceptions render unworkabl…

  • An exploration of small firm psychological contracts

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 1•References: 28

    It is argued here that more sophisticated frameworks of analysis than currently exist are required to support deeper understanding of small firm employment relationships. A psychological contract framework is adopted, presenting data on three small firm case studies and contrasting this with existing perspectives on small firm employment relationships. The degree of heterogeneity demonstrated in employment relationships in the small firm sector l…

  • Constructivist Implications of Material Power: Military Engagement and the Socialization of States, 1972?2000

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2006•Cited by: 47•References: 49

    The research presented in this article examines one aspect of state socialization, the extent to which transnational military-to-military interactions have served as an effective mechanism of the democratic political socialization of states. Military organizations are very interesting when we consider avenues by which state socialization might occur because military organizations are an influential part of governments, and members share common be…

  • Constructivist Implications of Material Power: Military Engagement and the Socialization of States, 1972?2000

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2006•Cited by: 47•References: 49

    The research presented in this article examines one aspect of state socialization, the extent to which transnational military-to-military interactions have served as an effective mechanism of the democratic political socialization of states. Military organizations are very interesting when we consider avenues by which state socialization might occur because military organizations are an influential part of governments, and members share common be…

  • Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Student Exchange Programs 1980â2006

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Foreign Policy Analysis•2010•Cited by: 39•References: 16

    Democratic governance depends not only on the building of democratic institutions but also on citizens' knowledge about how these institutions should function in their everyday lives. I argue that US-hosted educational exchange programs are one mechanism whereby citizens of nondemocratic states might experience life firsthand in a democratic country. Their experiences may impact the political institutions and influence political behavior in their…

  • The Menopause Taboo at Work: Examining Women's Embodied Experiences of Menopause in the UK Police Service

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Fiona Carmichael et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 21•References: 41

    This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge about gendered ageing at work through an examination of the embodied experiences of women undergoing menopause transition in the UK police service. Drawing on 1197 survey responses, providing both quantitative and qualitative data gathered across three police forces in 2017-18, the findings highlight the importance of a material-discursive approach that considers contextual influences on w…

  • You Just Had to Get on with It: Exploring the Persistence of Gender Inequality through Women's Career Histories

    Open Access•Jackie Ford, Carol Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 44

    This article examines the career histories of the first generation of UK women to enter professional employment in the 1970s and 1980s in comparatively large numbers. In so doing, it contributes to the sparse literature on older women's working life histories. Presenting empirical research on women's experiences in the legal and HR sectors, it reveals how women pioneers were often silenced by requirements to conform with male-dominated norms, val…

  • The Role of Gender in Varying Forms of Flexible Working

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Laura Hall•ARTICLE•Gender Work and Organization•2009•Cited by: 14•References: 7

    In this article we present empirical data from a research study investigating the implementation of the flexible working policies that emanate from the improving working lives standard in a National Health Service Trust in the UK. We argue that gender is accorded insufficient focus in the literature, considering the barriers that create a take‐up gap in formal flexible working practices. We further argue that gendered perceptions render unworkabl…

  • The expectations and aspirations of a late-career professional woman

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Jackie Ford et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2015•Cited by: 11•References: 19

    This article presents a powerful account of one late-career woman's lived experiences. Little is known about women who continue professional careers into their 50s and beyond. Here insights are offered into her aspirations and expectations, as she reflects upon a career fragmented by gendered caring responsibilities and the implications of ageism and sexism together with health and body for her late-career phase. The narrative enhances understand…

  • The Archaeology of Identity: Excavating Martha Jefferson's Entanglements

    Carol Atkinson, Carol A Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•The International Journal of…•2013•Cited by: 9

    While every American school child knows about President Thomas Jefferson, few know about his wife. Virginia Scarf's intimate look at the Women Jefferson Loved added to Jefferson's biography and seems on the surface to be a revelation of the degradation even wealthy white women lived with during the late 18th century. But what Scarf's text really does is to provide a panoramic view of the repetitions of family patterns and then brings under the mi…

  • Policy and Gender in Adult Social Care Work

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Rosemary Lucas•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2012•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    There are inherent tensions between government policy on adult social care work in England and the practice of that care work. This paper locates these tensions within the masculine model of professionalization contained in English adult social care policy and its interpretation by a largely female workforce. We situate our analysis within critical realism, exploring street – level bureaucracy in manager and care worker policy interpretations. We…

  • Hybrid Threats and the Erosion of Democracy from Within: US Surveillance and European Security

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Giacomo Chiozza•ARTICLE•Chinese Political Science Review•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 12

  • Using nuclear weapons

    Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2010•Cited by: 1•References: 3

    An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button

  • An exploration of small firm psychological contracts

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 1•References: 28

    It is argued here that more sophisticated frameworks of analysis than currently exist are required to support deeper understanding of small firm employment relationships. A psychological contract framework is adopted, presenting data on three small firm case studies and contrasting this with existing perspectives on small firm employment relationships. The degree of heterogeneity demonstrated in employment relationships in the small firm sector l…

  • Constructivist Implications of Material Power: Military Engagement and the Socialization of States, 1972?2000

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•International Studies Quarterly•2006•Cited by: 47•References: 49

    The research presented in this article examines one aspect of state socialization, the extent to which transnational military-to-military interactions have served as an effective mechanism of the democratic political socialization of states. Military organizations are very interesting when we consider avenues by which state socialization might occur because military organizations are an influential part of governments, and members share common be…

  • An exploration of small firm psychological contracts

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2008•Cited by: 1•References: 28

    It is argued here that more sophisticated frameworks of analysis than currently exist are required to support deeper understanding of small firm employment relationships. A psychological contract framework is adopted, presenting data on three small firm case studies and contrasting this with existing perspectives on small firm employment relationships. The degree of heterogeneity demonstrated in employment relationships in the small firm sector l…

  • The Role of Gender in Varying Forms of Flexible Working

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Laura Hall•ARTICLE•Gender Work and Organization•2009•Cited by: 14•References: 7

    In this article we present empirical data from a research study investigating the implementation of the flexible working policies that emanate from the improving working lives standard in a National Health Service Trust in the UK. We argue that gender is accorded insufficient focus in the literature, considering the barriers that create a take‐up gap in formal flexible working practices. We further argue that gendered perceptions render unworkabl…

  • Does Soft Power Matter? A Comparative Analysis of Student Exchange Programs 1980â2006

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Foreign Policy Analysis•2010•Cited by: 39•References: 16

    Democratic governance depends not only on the building of democratic institutions but also on citizens' knowledge about how these institutions should function in their everyday lives. I argue that US-hosted educational exchange programs are one mechanism whereby citizens of nondemocratic states might experience life firsthand in a democratic country. Their experiences may impact the political institutions and influence political behavior in their…

  • Using nuclear weapons

    Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Review of International Studies•2010•Cited by: 1•References: 3

    An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button

  • Leadership and Commitment: The United States of America and the Future of the Northeast Asian Order

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Giacomo Chiozza•ARTICLE•Pacific Focus•2011•References: 11

    Since the end of World War II, peace, prosperity, and democracy have flourished in Northeast Asia in large part due to the USA's willingness to devote extraordinary resources and exert leadership through a series of bilateral commitments to the nations of the region. In the past two decades, crises in other parts of the world have captured US attention and resources: in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Soviet Union and now in the Middle East.…

  • Policy and Gender in Adult Social Care Work

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Rosemary Lucas•ARTICLE•Public Administration•2012•Cited by: 6•References: 16

    There are inherent tensions between government policy on adult social care work in England and the practice of that care work. This paper locates these tensions within the masculine model of professionalization contained in English adult social care policy and its interpretation by a largely female workforce. We situate our analysis within critical realism, exploring street – level bureaucracy in manager and care worker policy interpretations. We…

  • The Archaeology of Identity: Excavating Martha Jefferson's Entanglements

    Carol Atkinson, Carol A Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•The International Journal of…•2013•Cited by: 9

    While every American school child knows about President Thomas Jefferson, few know about his wife. Virginia Scarf's intimate look at the Women Jefferson Loved added to Jefferson's biography and seems on the surface to be a revelation of the degradation even wealthy white women lived with during the late 18th century. But what Scarf's text really does is to provide a panoramic view of the repetitions of family patterns and then brings under the mi…

  • The expectations and aspirations of a late-career professional woman

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Jackie Ford et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2015•Cited by: 11•References: 19

    This article presents a powerful account of one late-career woman's lived experiences. Little is known about women who continue professional careers into their 50s and beyond. Here insights are offered into her aspirations and expectations, as she reflects upon a career fragmented by gendered caring responsibilities and the implications of ageism and sexism together with health and body for her late-career phase. The narrative enhances understand…

  • Hybrid Threats and the Erosion of Democracy from Within: US Surveillance and European Security

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Giacomo Chiozza•ARTICLE•Chinese Political Science Review•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 12

  • The Menopause Taboo at Work: Examining Women's Embodied Experiences of Menopause in the UK Police Service

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Fiona Carmichael et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 21•References: 41

    This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge about gendered ageing at work through an examination of the embodied experiences of women undergoing menopause transition in the UK police service. Drawing on 1197 survey responses, providing both quantitative and qualitative data gathered across three police forces in 2017-18, the findings highlight the importance of a material-discursive approach that considers contextual influences on w…

  • You Just Had to Get on with It: Exploring the Persistence of Gender Inequality through Women's Career Histories

    Open Access•Jackie Ford, Carol Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2021•Cited by: 20•References: 44

    This article examines the career histories of the first generation of UK women to enter professional employment in the 1970s and 1980s in comparatively large numbers. In so doing, it contributes to the sparse literature on older women's working life histories. Presenting empirical research on women's experiences in the legal and HR sectors, it reveals how women pioneers were often silenced by requirements to conform with male-dominated norms, val…

  • Inter-identity threats and opportunities shaping professional influence for the Allied Health Profession (AHP) healthcare workforce: A Study of Identity Paradox

    Open Access•Sophie Crozier, Carol Atkinson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science & Medicine•2025•References: 21

  • Getting In but Not Getting On: Inequality Regimes, Usurpation and Resistance in the Medical Profession

    Open Access•Carol Atkinson, Carol Woodhams•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2026

    This article explores inequality regimes in medicine, examining structures that create social closure and explaining the under-representation of women from racio-ethnic minorities at senior levels and in high-status specialties. We juxtapose these with agency to evidence how inequality regimes are experienced and navigated through accommodatory usurpation and everyday resistance. Drawing on 26 interviews with women of varying racio-ethnic backgro…

  • Reimagining the Egalitarian Society: A Community-wide Approach to Transcending the Gender Division of Paid and Unpaid Labour

    Open Access•Reece Garcia, Carol Atkinson•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2026•References: 12

    Participant observation and interviews in a large community unique for enacting gender egalitarianism provide evidence that subversive, collective action at the interactional level can redo gender at the wider institutional level. A series of interdependent practices collectively designed and undertaken through member interaction effectively created sustained structural and cultural changes at the institutional level – which simultaneously create…

Sociology (10 works) · Political science (9 works) · Law (7 works) · Law (7 works) · Economics (5 works) · Politics (5 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Democracy (4 works) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (4 works) · Political economy (4 works)

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