Lee A Craig
Biographic Data
| ID | 3960261 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lee A Craig |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lee A |
| FAMILY NAME | Craig |
| SIGNATURE | CRAIG L A |
| AFFILIATIONS | North Carolina State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9811-6527 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 91 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Quantifying and explaining the decline in public schoolteacher retirement benefits
We estimate that, between 2000 and 2020, the average initial monthly retirement benefit for teachers retiring with 30 years of service has been reduced by 11.2%, though the decline in benefits varies substantially across the states (the median reduction in the initial benefit was 1.9%). We also find that plans covering only teachers, and plans in which teachers are not in Social Security, have made smaller reductions in the generosity of their pe…
The impact of mechanical refrigeration on market integration
Antebellum Puzzle
Since the late 18th century the long-run trend in economic growth—conventionally measured by real gross domestic product, income, and wages—has been positive in the United States and throughout Europe. However, in the 19th century, many Western countries, including the United States, experienced stagnation and even cyclical downturns in the biological standard of living—as measured by, for example, the expectation of life and adult stature—thus c…
Nutrition and signaling in slave markets
Josephus Daniels
As a longtime leader of the Democratic Party and key member of Woodrow Wilson's cabinet, Josephus Daniels was one of the most influential progressive politicians in the country, and as secretary of the navy during the First World War, he became one of the most important men in the world. Before that, Daniels revolutionized the newspaper industry in the South, forever changing the relationship between politics and the news media. This book delves …
Did African Americans experience the ‘Antebellum Puzzle’? Evidence from the United States Colored Troops during the Civil War
Convergence (and divergence) in the biological standard of living in the USA, 1820–1900
Mechanical refrigeration, seasonality, and the hog–corn cycle in the United States
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
Although the principles of refrigeration have been understood for thousands of years, the widespread use of mechanical refrigeration in the processing, shipping, and storing of perishable commodities began only in the 1890s. Because refrigeration facilitated the hygienic handling and storage of perishables, it promoted output growth, consumption, and nutrition through the spatial and temporal integration of markets for perishables. We estimate th…
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
The Short and the Dead
Between 1830 and 1860 the United States experienced rapid economic growth but declining stature and rising mortality. Debate has centered on whether the American diet deteriorated in the mid-nineteenth century. Employing census and muster records, this article tests the hypotheses that adult height was positively correlated with local production of nutrients in early childhood and negatively correlated with local mortality conditions, urbanizatio…
Mechanical Refrigeration and the Integration of Perishable Commodity Markets
The Cliometricians Pursue Leviathan
October 01 1998 The Cliometricians Pursue Leviathan Lee A. Craig Lee A. Craig Associate Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Lee A. Craig Associate Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University. Online ISSN: 1530-9169 Print ISSN: 0022-1953 © 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Int…
To Sow One Acre More
The Political Economy of Public-Private Compensation Differentials
Numerous empirical studies indicate that, as a result of rent-seeking behavior, public-sector workers are overcompensated relative to their private-sector counterparts, with pensions representing part of the difference. I present a history of the Federal Employees Retirement Act of 1920 and show that rent seeking by federal workers cannot explain several features of the act. Instead, I argue that the act represented an optimal incentive contract …
To Sow One Acre More
Children supplied valuable labour on 19th-century American farms. But the value of that labour varied, and the children themselves represented economic costs as well as benefits. How did children affect a farmer's choices? Did bigger farms mean, in effect, bigger families? Drawing on census, wage and other data, Craig addresses such questions in offering a new econometric interpretation of productivity and fertility in the antebellum North. Craig…
A Not-So-Modest Proposal, or, Children as Consumer Goods in the Antebellum Rural North
In this concise, well-written, but highly technical study, economist Lee A. Craig revisits a longstanding issue in American economic and demographic history, the decline of rural fertility in the North during the first half of the nineteenth century. Between 1800 and 1860, American women began having about 25 percent fewer children, as the total number of live births an average woman could expect declined from 7.04 to 5.21. Although similar drama…
To Sow One Acre More
Journal Article To Sow One Acre More: Childbearing and Farm Productivity in the Antebellum North. By Lee A. Craig. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xiv, 161 pp. $28.50, ISBN 0-8018-4529-7.) Get access Richard A. Easterlin Richard A. Easterlin University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 81, Issue 3, December …
Wage Discrimination and Occupational Crowding in a Competitive Industry
We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the ma…
Agricultural Productivity Growth During the Decade of the Civil War
New evidence based on census data indicates that output per agricultural worker grew faster between 1860 and 1870 than during any other decade of the nineteenth century. Although this evidence seems to support the traditional view that the Civil War was a catalyst for an increasingly productive agricultural sector, we contend that this apparent robust performance results from a measurement problem that afflicts census-based labor force series. An…
Industrialization and the Earnings Gap
Raising among themselves”
Integration of the European business cycle
The Value of Household Labor in Antebellum Northern Agriculture
This article estimates the contribution of farm household members to agricultural output in the antebellum northern United States. I reject the hypothesis that children contributed more in the least settled regions. The contribution of young children and teenage females was greatest in the Old Northwest; teenage boys made their largest contribution in the Northeast. In the Midwest young males and females performed the same tasks, namely market pr…
Farm Output, Productivity, and Fertility Decline in the Antebellum Northern United States
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Short and the Dead
Between 1830 and 1860 the United States experienced rapid economic growth but declining stature and rising mortality. Debate has centered on whether the American diet deteriorated in the mid-nineteenth century. Employing census and muster records, this article tests the hypotheses that adult height was positively correlated with local production of nutrients in early childhood and negatively correlated with local mortality conditions, urbanizatio…
Mechanical Refrigeration and the Integration of Perishable Commodity Markets
The Value of Household Labor in Antebellum Northern Agriculture
This article estimates the contribution of farm household members to agricultural output in the antebellum northern United States. I reject the hypothesis that children contributed more in the least settled regions. The contribution of young children and teenage females was greatest in the Old Northwest; teenage boys made their largest contribution in the Northeast. In the Midwest young males and females performed the same tasks, namely market pr…
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
Industrialization and the Earnings Gap
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
Although the principles of refrigeration have been understood for thousands of years, the widespread use of mechanical refrigeration in the processing, shipping, and storing of perishable commodities began only in the 1890s. Because refrigeration facilitated the hygienic handling and storage of perishables, it promoted output growth, consumption, and nutrition through the spatial and temporal integration of markets for perishables. We estimate th…
To Sow One Acre More
Children supplied valuable labour on 19th-century American farms. But the value of that labour varied, and the children themselves represented economic costs as well as benefits. How did children affect a farmer's choices? Did bigger farms mean, in effect, bigger families? Drawing on census, wage and other data, Craig addresses such questions in offering a new econometric interpretation of productivity and fertility in the antebellum North. Craig…
Wage Discrimination and Occupational Crowding in a Competitive Industry
We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the ma…
Integration of the European business cycle
The Political Economy of Public-Private Compensation Differentials
Numerous empirical studies indicate that, as a result of rent-seeking behavior, public-sector workers are overcompensated relative to their private-sector counterparts, with pensions representing part of the difference. I present a history of the Federal Employees Retirement Act of 1920 and show that rent seeking by federal workers cannot explain several features of the act. Instead, I argue that the act represented an optimal incentive contract …
To Sow One Acre More
Journal Article To Sow One Acre More: Childbearing and Farm Productivity in the Antebellum North. By Lee A. Craig. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xiv, 161 pp. $28.50, ISBN 0-8018-4529-7.) Get access Richard A. Easterlin Richard A. Easterlin University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 81, Issue 3, December …
The impact of mechanical refrigeration on market integration
Mechanical refrigeration, seasonality, and the hog–corn cycle in the United States
Agricultural Productivity Growth During the Decade of the Civil War
New evidence based on census data indicates that output per agricultural worker grew faster between 1860 and 1870 than during any other decade of the nineteenth century. Although this evidence seems to support the traditional view that the Civil War was a catalyst for an increasingly productive agricultural sector, we contend that this apparent robust performance results from a measurement problem that afflicts census-based labor force series. An…
Farm Output, Productivity, and Fertility Decline in the Antebellum Northern United States
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Farm Output, Productivity, and Fertility Decline in the Antebellum Northern United States
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Value of Household Labor in Antebellum Northern Agriculture
This article estimates the contribution of farm household members to agricultural output in the antebellum northern United States. I reject the hypothesis that children contributed more in the least settled regions. The contribution of young children and teenage females was greatest in the Old Northwest; teenage boys made their largest contribution in the Northeast. In the Midwest young males and females performed the same tasks, namely market pr…
Raising among themselves”
Integration of the European business cycle
Wage Discrimination and Occupational Crowding in a Competitive Industry
We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the ma…
Agricultural Productivity Growth During the Decade of the Civil War
New evidence based on census data indicates that output per agricultural worker grew faster between 1860 and 1870 than during any other decade of the nineteenth century. Although this evidence seems to support the traditional view that the Civil War was a catalyst for an increasingly productive agricultural sector, we contend that this apparent robust performance results from a measurement problem that afflicts census-based labor force series. An…
Industrialization and the Earnings Gap
A Not-So-Modest Proposal, or, Children as Consumer Goods in the Antebellum Rural North
In this concise, well-written, but highly technical study, economist Lee A. Craig revisits a longstanding issue in American economic and demographic history, the decline of rural fertility in the North during the first half of the nineteenth century. Between 1800 and 1860, American women began having about 25 percent fewer children, as the total number of live births an average woman could expect declined from 7.04 to 5.21. Although similar drama…
To Sow One Acre More
Journal Article To Sow One Acre More: Childbearing and Farm Productivity in the Antebellum North. By Lee A. Craig. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xiv, 161 pp. $28.50, ISBN 0-8018-4529-7.) Get access Richard A. Easterlin Richard A. Easterlin University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 81, Issue 3, December …
To Sow One Acre More
The Political Economy of Public-Private Compensation Differentials
Numerous empirical studies indicate that, as a result of rent-seeking behavior, public-sector workers are overcompensated relative to their private-sector counterparts, with pensions representing part of the difference. I present a history of the Federal Employees Retirement Act of 1920 and show that rent seeking by federal workers cannot explain several features of the act. Instead, I argue that the act represented an optimal incentive contract …
To Sow One Acre More
Children supplied valuable labour on 19th-century American farms. But the value of that labour varied, and the children themselves represented economic costs as well as benefits. How did children affect a farmer's choices? Did bigger farms mean, in effect, bigger families? Drawing on census, wage and other data, Craig addresses such questions in offering a new econometric interpretation of productivity and fertility in the antebellum North. Craig…
The Cliometricians Pursue Leviathan
October 01 1998 The Cliometricians Pursue Leviathan Lee A. Craig Lee A. Craig Associate Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Lee A. Craig Associate Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University. Online ISSN: 1530-9169 Print ISSN: 0022-1953 © 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Int…
Mechanical Refrigeration and the Integration of Perishable Commodity Markets
The Short and the Dead
Between 1830 and 1860 the United States experienced rapid economic growth but declining stature and rising mortality. Debate has centered on whether the American diet deteriorated in the mid-nineteenth century. Employing census and muster records, this article tests the hypotheses that adult height was positively correlated with local production of nutrients in early childhood and negatively correlated with local mortality conditions, urbanizatio…
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
Although the principles of refrigeration have been understood for thousands of years, the widespread use of mechanical refrigeration in the processing, shipping, and storing of perishable commodities began only in the 1890s. Because refrigeration facilitated the hygienic handling and storage of perishables, it promoted output growth, consumption, and nutrition through the spatial and temporal integration of markets for perishables. We estimate th…
The Effect of Mechanical Refrigeration on Nutrition in the United States
Convergence (and divergence) in the biological standard of living in the USA, 1820–1900
Mechanical refrigeration, seasonality, and the hog–corn cycle in the United States
Did African Americans experience the ‘Antebellum Puzzle’? Evidence from the United States Colored Troops during the Civil War
Nutrition and signaling in slave markets
Josephus Daniels
As a longtime leader of the Democratic Party and key member of Woodrow Wilson's cabinet, Josephus Daniels was one of the most influential progressive politicians in the country, and as secretary of the navy during the First World War, he became one of the most important men in the world. Before that, Daniels revolutionized the newspaper industry in the South, forever changing the relationship between politics and the news media. This book delves …
Antebellum Puzzle
Since the late 18th century the long-run trend in economic growth—conventionally measured by real gross domestic product, income, and wages—has been positive in the United States and throughout Europe. However, in the 19th century, many Western countries, including the United States, experienced stagnation and even cyclical downturns in the biological standard of living—as measured by, for example, the expectation of life and adult stature—thus c…
The impact of mechanical refrigeration on market integration
Quantifying and explaining the decline in public schoolteacher retirement benefits
We estimate that, between 2000 and 2020, the average initial monthly retirement benefit for teachers retiring with 30 years of service has been reduced by 11.2%, though the decline in benefits varies substantially across the states (the median reduction in the initial benefit was 1.9%). We also find that plans covering only teachers, and plans in which teachers are not in Social Security, have made smaller reductions in the generosity of their pe…
Economics (22 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (13 works) · Economic growth (12 works) · Demographic economics (10 works) · Agricultural economics (9 works) · Labour economics (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Demography (7 works) · Geography (7 works) · Political science (7 works)