K Reinhard
Biographic Data
| ID | 39638 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K Reinhard |
| GIVEN NAMES | K |
| FAMILY NAME | Reinhard |
| SIGNATURE | REINHARD K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nebraska–Lincoln |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1653-9329 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 337 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Documenting the Presence of Chagas Disease in Prehistoric North America
The DAMA protocol (Document, Assess, Monitor, Act) is the applied aspect of the Stockholm Paradigm. Evidence from archaeology and history of medicine has a demonstrated value in documenting infection risk for specific study areas. Bioarchaeological remains and historical documents show vivid examples of pathology related to the Chagas disease life cycle. The science of archaeology defines the lifestyles that created risk of triatomine kissing bug…
Exploring the Evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi and the Emergence of Chagas Disease in the Context of Environmental Change
The Stockholm Paradigm is an evolutionary synthesis that explains the emergence of novel pathogens in the context of environmental disturbances. Considering the urgent climate change situation, anticipation stands as key to prevent and mitigate the effects that climate change can have in the emergence of pathogens. However, the success of preventive measures is hindered by a limited knowledge of the interplaying dynamics between biology, environm…
Molecular identification of parasites in an intestinal coprolite from a mummified religious dignitary of the Piraino Mother Church crypt, Sicily
Archaeoparasitology
Attempting to simplify methods in parasitology of archaeological sediments
Comparison of extraction methods for recovering ancient microbial DNA from paleofeces
OBJECTIVES: Paleofeces are valuable to archeologists and evolutionary biologists for their potential to yield health, dietary, and host information. As a rich source of preserved biomolecules from host-associated microorganisms, they can also provide insights into the recent evolution and changing ecology of the gut microbiome. However, there is currently no standard method for DNA extraction from paleofeces, which combine the dual challenges of …
Pinworm research in the Southwest USA
Diet analysis reveals pre-historic meals among the Loma San Gabriel at La Cueva de Los Muertos Chiquitos, Rio Zape, Mexico (600-800 CE)
The Skiles Mummy
Imaging coprolite taphonomy and preservation
New evidence of ancient parasitism among Late Archaic and Ancestral Puebloan residents of Chaco Canyon
Taphonomic considerations on pinworm prevalence in three Ancestral Puebloan latrines
Pollen evidence of medicine from an embalming jar associated with Vittoria della Rovere, Florence, Italy
Taphonomic considerations for the analysis of parasites in archaeological materials
Younger Dryas Archaeology and Human Experience at the Paisley Caves in the Northern Great Basin
Archaeoentomological and archaeoacarological investigations of embalming jar contents from the San Lorenzo Basilica in Florence, Italy
Taphonomic considerations of a whipworm infection in a mummy from the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit, Vilnius, Lithuania
Prehistoric earth oven facilities and the pathoecology of Chagas disease in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands
Parasitology in an archaeological context
Parasitism of the Zweeloo Woman
On head lice and social interaction in archaic Andean coastal populations
Food, parasites, and epidemiological transitions
Clarifying prehistoric parasitism from a complementary morphological and molecular approach
Tracking shifts in coca use in the Moche Valley
In this article we explore the use of coca in the Moche Valley of north costal Perú during the Early Intermediate Period. To do so we examined the dental remains of 173 residents of Cerro Oreja. These remains date to the Salinar and Gallinazo phases and thus provide us with a picture of coca use before the emergence of the Southern Moche state. We find that patterns of oral health and micro-plant remains recovered from dental calculus suggest shi…
Interdisciplinary Investigations of the Boott Mills Lowell, Massachusetts, Volume III
This is the third and final volume in the series of reports on the Boston University/National Park Service cooperative, interdisciplinary study of the Boott Mills in Lowell, Massachusetts. It presents the results of documentary and archeological research and analysis as well as our interpretations of the evidence; the focus is on boardinghouse keepers and boardinghouse residents. Note that the Appendices, produced on microfiche sheets for the ori…
Evaluating microfossil content of dental calculus from Brazilian sambaquis
Dental wash
Cultural ecology of prehistoric parasitism on the Colorado Plateau as evidenced by coprology
The study of coprolites (desiccated feces) is recognized as a viable method for analyzing parasitism of prehistoric peoples. Eight species of helminth parasites, including nematodes, cestodes, and acanthocephalans, have been recovered from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau. The comparative analysis of parasitological findings illustrates the effects of changing subsistence strategies and varying life‐style on prehistoric human parasiti…
Parasitology in an archaeological context
Pervasiveness of phytoliths in prehistoric southwestern diet and implications for regional and temporal trends for dental microwear
Archaeoparasitology in North America
The study of prehistoric parasitism through analysis of coprolites, mummies, skeletons, and latrine soils is rapidly growing. Its development in North America is interdisciplinary and is derived from the fields of physical anthropology, parasitology, and archaeology. The various parasite finds from North America are reviewed. The data show that prehistoric peoples in North America suffered from a variety of parasitic diseases. The validity of the…
Methods for extracting pollen and parasite eggs from latrine soils
Parasitology as an Interpretive Tool in Archaeology
Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past behavior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and historical-period parasitism developed and resulted in the field of archaeoparasitology. Archaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade, four major archaeoparasitological laboratories emerged. The…
Diet and Parasitism at Dust Devil Cave
Analysis of 100 desiccated feces of the Desha Complex (6800-4800 B.C.) from Dust Devil Cave near Navajo Mountain in southern Utah shows high proportions of Chenopodium seed and an absence of parasitic round-worms. Conversely, fecal remains from other sites in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau show high incidences of parasite infection and low frequencies of Chenopodium. The implications of Chenopodium as a vermifuge are discussed
Cremation in Southwestern North America
A parasitological paradox
Imaging coprolite taphonomy and preservation
Understanding the Pathoecological Relationship between Ancient Diet and Modern Diabetes through Coprolite Analysis
The elevated prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Native Americans of the Southwest has been explained by several authors in terms of a dietary change from preindustrial traditional foods to modern foods. Physiology adapted to traditional foods became deleterious during the process of modernization. Although several versions of this hypothesis exist, they all relate to the rise in modern NIDDM with change from prehisto…
Grânulos de amido e fitólitos em cálculos dentários humanos
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da recuperação e análise de micro-vestígios vegetais retidos em cálculos dentários de grupos de pescadores-coletores do litoral sul do Brasil. Apresenta também os resultados das relações mantidas entre grânulos de amido e cárie, e entre fitólitos e desgaste dentário. Através da dissolução química de cálculos dentários foram recuperados microvestígios vegetais em todos os indivíduos estudados. …
Cluster analysis of the coprolites from antelope house
Clarifying prehistoric parasitism from a complementary morphological and molecular approach
Privies and Parasites
Discovery of colon contents in a skeletonized burial
Evaluation of lead concentrations in 18th‐century Omaha Indian skeletons using ICP‐MS
The analysis of skeletal remains of Omaha Indians buried between AD 1780 and 1820 indicated that lead was incorporated in cortical bone. The diagenetic or biogenetic origin of the lead was evaluated by examination of lead isotope ratios of the bones and artifacts, and comparison of lead concentrations in burial soils with those of the bones. The isotopic values of the lead artifacts demonstrate that the lead was mined in the Missouri region. Alth…
Hunter-gatherer use of small animal food resources
Faunal remains are commonly found in coprolites and provide direct evidence of animal consumption. An evaluation of hunter-gatherer coprolites from the Southwest US shows that animal bone in coprolites can be used to assess patterns of hunting, food preparation, and general importance of small animals in diet. This is demonstrated by a comparison of faunal assemblages between two hunter-gatherer sites with respect to small animal hunting strategi…
The Multi-Individual Cremation Phenomenon of the Santa Cruz Drainage
Multi-individual cremation deposits found in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage were previously interpreted as the result of hypothesized cultural contact in the area. A review of 50 cremation deposits for which detailed analyses are available indicates that multi-individual cremation deposits are the result of incomplete gleaning practices and have doubtful cultural significance. Hypotheses are generated from the present data which account for …
Dietary and Parasitological Analysis of Coprolites Recovered from Mummy 5, Ventana Cave, Arizona
Four coprolites were excavated with Burial 5 at Ventana Cave. a partially mummified five-year-old child. Two coprolites were granular and dark in color and two were fibrous and light in color. The coprolites are remains of the child's intestinal contents and were submitted for dietary and parasitological analysis. No parasites were found. The fibrous coprolites proved to be remains of highly masticated mesquite pods (Prosopis). The granular copro…
Evaluating chloroplast DNA in prehistoric Texas coprolites
Prehistoric Cremations from Nogales, Arizona
In October, 1969, the Highway Salvage Section of the Arizona State Museum conducted emergency salvage excavations in conjunction with the construction of the Tucson-Nogales Highway. Ten cremations were recovered from a backhoe trench which had been placed within the city limits of Nogales, Arizona. Analysis of the cremations indicated cultural contact between the Trincheras culture of Sonora, Mexico, and the Hohokam culture of the Santa Cruz Rive…
Comparison of extraction methods for recovering ancient microbial DNA from paleofeces
OBJECTIVES: Paleofeces are valuable to archeologists and evolutionary biologists for their potential to yield health, dietary, and host information. As a rich source of preserved biomolecules from host-associated microorganisms, they can also provide insights into the recent evolution and changing ecology of the gut microbiome. However, there is currently no standard method for DNA extraction from paleofeces, which combine the dual challenges of …
Prehistoric Cremations from Nogales, Arizona
In October, 1969, the Highway Salvage Section of the Arizona State Museum conducted emergency salvage excavations in conjunction with the construction of the Tucson-Nogales Highway. Ten cremations were recovered from a backhoe trench which had been placed within the city limits of Nogales, Arizona. Analysis of the cremations indicated cultural contact between the Trincheras culture of Sonora, Mexico, and the Hohokam culture of the Santa Cruz Rive…
The Multi-Individual Cremation Phenomenon of the Santa Cruz Drainage
Multi-individual cremation deposits found in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage were previously interpreted as the result of hypothesized cultural contact in the area. A review of 50 cremation deposits for which detailed analyses are available indicates that multi-individual cremation deposits are the result of incomplete gleaning practices and have doubtful cultural significance. Hypotheses are generated from the present data which account for …
Diet and Parasitism at Dust Devil Cave
Analysis of 100 desiccated feces of the Desha Complex (6800-4800 B.C.) from Dust Devil Cave near Navajo Mountain in southern Utah shows high proportions of Chenopodium seed and an absence of parasitic round-worms. Conversely, fecal remains from other sites in the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau show high incidences of parasite infection and low frequencies of Chenopodium. The implications of Chenopodium as a vermifuge are discussed
Cultural ecology of prehistoric parasitism on the Colorado Plateau as evidenced by coprology
The study of coprolites (desiccated feces) is recognized as a viable method for analyzing parasitism of prehistoric peoples. Eight species of helminth parasites, including nematodes, cestodes, and acanthocephalans, have been recovered from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau. The comparative analysis of parasitological findings illustrates the effects of changing subsistence strategies and varying life‐style on prehistoric human parasiti…
A Mimbres Burial with Associated Colon Remains from the NAN Ranch Ruin, New Mexico
The skeletal remains of an adult male associated with desiccated tissue and a coprolite were recovered from an apen-air midden deposit at the NAN Ranch Ruin (LA15049)) a large Mimbres site in Grant County) New Mexico. The find dates to about A.C. 1000-1100. Identifiable macroscopic elements in the caprolite consist offi nely fragmented corn and tiny seed fragments of an unknown plant. High amounts of willow (Salix) and mustard (Brassicaceae) poll…
Archaeoparasitology in North America
The study of prehistoric parasitism through analysis of coprolites, mummies, skeletons, and latrine soils is rapidly growing. Its development in North America is interdisciplinary and is derived from the fields of physical anthropology, parasitology, and archaeology. The various parasite finds from North America are reviewed. The data show that prehistoric peoples in North America suffered from a variety of parasitic diseases. The validity of the…
Dietary and Parasitological Analysis of Coprolites Recovered from Mummy 5, Ventana Cave, Arizona
Four coprolites were excavated with Burial 5 at Ventana Cave. a partially mummified five-year-old child. Two coprolites were granular and dark in color and two were fibrous and light in color. The coprolites are remains of the child's intestinal contents and were submitted for dietary and parasitological analysis. No parasites were found. The fibrous coprolites proved to be remains of highly masticated mesquite pods (Prosopis). The granular copro…
Methods for extracting pollen and parasite eggs from latrine soils
Discovery of colon contents in a skeletonized burial
Vertebral Pathology In Prehistoric And Historic Skeletons From Northeastern Nebraska
Vertebral pathology has long been a useful criterion for anthropologists in the assessment of activity patterns, stress, and general health of extinct peoples. This method of analysis, however, has never been applied to the peoples ofthe Nebraska Great Plains. This study is the first to concentrate on the indigenous Native Americans of this region, examining the spinal pathology present in the prehistoric and historic skeletal remains. Pathology …
Evaluation of lead concentrations in 18th‐century Omaha Indian skeletons using ICP‐MS
The analysis of skeletal remains of Omaha Indians buried between AD 1780 and 1820 indicated that lead was incorporated in cortical bone. The diagenetic or biogenetic origin of the lead was evaluated by examination of lead isotope ratios of the bones and artifacts, and comparison of lead concentrations in burial soils with those of the bones. The isotopic values of the lead artifacts demonstrate that the lead was mined in the Missouri region. Alth…
Parasitology as an Interpretive Tool in Archaeology
Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past behavior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and historical-period parasitism developed and resulted in the field of archaeoparasitology. Archaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade, four major archaeoparasitological laboratories emerged. The…
Sanitation and parasitism at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
Cremation in Southwestern North America
Further evidence of lead contamination of Omaha skeletons
A previous analysis of Omaha skeletons dating between A. D. 1780 and 1820 revealed the presence of lead in all skeletons with high concentrations in children and adult males (Reinhard and Ghazi [1992] Ann. J. Phys. Anthropol. 89 :183–195). Two likely explanations for the high lead levels were presented: 1) metabolic absorption of lead and 2) diagenetic uptake of lead by the bones from postmortem application of pigments to the corpse. Two types of…
Cluster analysis of the coprolites from antelope house
Human dental microwear caused by calcium oxalate phytoliths in prehistoric diet of the lower Pecos region, Texas
Recent research demonstrates that silica phytoliths of dietary origin are associated with microwear of human teeth. Previous research has shown that severe enamel microwear and dental wear characterizes Archaic hunter-gatherers in the lower Pecos region of west Texas. Calcium oxalate crystals are especially common in Archaic coprolites. The vast majority are derived from prickly pear and agave, which were the dietary staples in west Texas for 6,0…
Response to Critique of the Claim of Cannibalism at Cowboy Wash
The original authors of Billman et al. (2000) are joined by three other analysts from the Cowboy Wash research team to respond to the critique of this article by Dongoske et al. (2000). Dongoske and his coauthors state that Billman et al. (2000) failed to test alternative hypotheses or to consider alternative explanations for the findings at 5MT10010 and similar sites. The original authors point out that alternative hypotheses were examined and r…
Recognition of Treponematoses in Post Repatriation X Ray and Cd Rom Nebraska Record
Repatriation has compromised the opportunity to directly examine skeletons and to apply new diagnostic criteria and techniques. Pre-repatriation approaches to non-metric data acquisition, must make a number of assumptions: (1) Phenomena must be correctly identified and segregated; (2) Criteria for severity must be specific to the phenomena studied; and (3) As criteria for disease recognition may change with time, it is valuable only as long as th…
The Role of Mummy Studies in Paleoparasitology
Paleoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies…
American hookworm antiquity
Fuller (1997) presents a refutation of the evidence of ancylostomids (hookworms) in the New World. She argues that the life cycle of hookworms limits them to warm, moist environments and, thus, confines their prehistoric distribution to the Old World. Smith (1990) emphasizes that very little is known about the ecological parameters of egg and larval survival and that eggs and larvae can survive in cold environments. Fuller's hookworm life cycle i…
Pervasiveness of phytoliths in prehistoric southwestern diet and implications for regional and temporal trends for dental microwear
Comment on reinterpreting the pollen data from Dos Cabezas
The published pollen analysis of the Dos Cabezas giants, Geyer et al. ( 2003 ), lists a variety of purported dietary pollen types. The paper also hypothesises that the giants were poisoned with plant toxins. We have severe reservations about the pollen evidence of diet and poisoning. We suggest that the analysts made several errors in their interpretation. Firstly, some of the discovered pollen types are not prehistoric endemics to the Dos Cabeza…
Privies and Parasites
Dental wash
Geography (45 works) · Archaeology (43 works) · Paleopathology and ancient diseases (40 works) · Biology (36 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (26 works) · Ecology (23 works) · Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies (22 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (20 works) · Zoology (17 works) · Prehistory (16 works)