Penny Fraser
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3975944 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Penny Fraser |
| PRENOMES | Penny |
| SOBRENOME | Fraser |
| ASSINATURA | FRASER P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Deakin University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7266-5034 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1971 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Expert insights into public health nutrition challenges
Objective: This paper explored international experts’ views on what influences the development and implementation of local government (LG) planning policy to support healthy food retail environments; and 2) whether a rapid group model building (RGMB) approach can successfully be applied to capture valuable insights. Design: Adaptation of methods from community-based system dynamics in the form of RGMB. Setting: In person, facilitated workshop at …
Food retail environments around rural Victorian primary Schools
Few studies examine the influence on population diets of the healthiness of food retail outlets in the areas surrounding rural schools in Australia. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined associations between food retail environments within 500m and 1 km of 106 primary schools in rural Victoria, Australia, and self-reported diet and measured weight status of grade 4(9-10yo) and grade 6(12-13yo) students (n = 3236). Few significant result…
The common drivers of children and young people’s health and wellbeing across 13 local government areas
Combining large CLDs into a simple diagram represents a generalisable model of the drivers of complex health problems
Measuring Shifts in Mental Models in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Rural Australia
Group model building is a participatory workshop technique used in system dynamics for developing community consensus to address complex problems by consensus building on individual assumptions. This study examines changes in individual mental models of the complex problem of childhood obesity following participation in group model building (GMB), as part of a larger community-based system dynamics project. Data are drawn from GMB participants ac…
How healthy and affordable are foods and beverages sold in school canteens? A cross-sectional study comparing menus from Victorian primary schools
Objective: Government policy guidance in Victoria, Australia, encourages schools to provide affordable, healthy foods in canteens. This study analysed the healthiness and price of items available in canteens in Victorian primary schools and associations with school characteristics. Design: Dietitians classified menu items (main, snack and beverage) using the red, amber and green traffic light system defined in the Victorian government’s School Ca…
System approaches to childhood obesity prevention
Objective: Childhood obesity prevention is critical to reducing the health and economic burden currently experienced by the Australian economy. System science has emerged as an approach to manage the complexity of childhood obesity and the ever-changing risk factors, resources and priorities of government and funders. Anecdotally, our experience suggests that inflexibility of traditional research methods and dense academic terminology created iss…
The impact of a community-based intervention on weight, weight-related behaviours and health-related quality of life in primary school children in Victoria, Australia, according to socio-economic posi…
The WHO STOPS intervention had differential effects on several weight-related behaviours according to SEP, including physical activity. Similar impacts on HRQoL outcomes were found between high and low SEP groups. Importantly, the trial evaluation was not powered to detect subgroup differences. Future evaluations of CBIs should be designed with an equity lens, to understand if and how these types of interventions can benefit all community members…
Regional Monetary Policy
Fraser P., MacDonald G. A. and Mullineux A. W. Regional monetary policy: an Australian perspective, Regional Studies. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model for Australia is utilized to identify the domestic impacts of common monetary policy shocks on national and state business cycles and to consider the role of state diversification disparities for observed differences in responses to monetary policy innovations. Western Australia and …
Table of Alexander-foundations
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Summary of the Eastern Campaigns
It is not my purpose in this brief chapter to do more than indicate, on the basis of Arrian’s narrative of Alexander’s campaigns, where Alexander is recorded as having founded major settlements, or actual cities, with a brief note also of the circumstances in which this occurred. This introduction will, it is hoped, help the reader to follow the problems that arise in identifying the foundations there after.
The Geographers
The evidence provided by the geographers of Hellenistic and Roman date is of two kinds, the one geographical in the wide sense of providing locations and measurements of regions, the other chorographical, recording the location of tribes, cities and other settlements within the regions described, and also their physical features. The evidence covers a long period of the Greco-Roman geographical tradition, from the bematists of Alexander’s expedit…
Identifications
The purpose of this chapter is to consider the possible identification and location of the cities described as Alexandrias, or associated names, as recorded by the Alexander-historians and the geographers. No attempt is made to discuss the identifications proposed for cities recorded only in the Alexandrian or Iranian lists, which, for the reasons explained in Chapters I and II, I disregard in this context. The historicity of the foundations unde…
General Assessment of Alexander’s Foundations
Several features seem to recur constantly as factors in the foundations, which provide us with an indication of Alexander’s purpose in founding cities. In assessing this evidence we leave on one side the numerous forts and temporary garrisons, the construction of which was a recurrent feature of operations throughout the years of campaigning, and which are frequently referred to by the historians. There is no suggestion in our sources that these …
Epilogue
A Brief assessment of the various data concerning Alexander’s foundations may be summarily presented here, before turning to consider the immediately subsequent history of the cities he founded. By way of recapitulation, then, it may be stated, as the central thesis of this study, that the lists of cities named Alexandria as recorded in the Romance and texts which derive from it, either through use of it in a different context (as the Excerpta Ba…
The Iranian Tradition
The Iranian evidence for the foundation of cities by Alexander the Great supports, I believe, the interpretation offered of the Alexandrian lists in the previous chapter. It is not possible in the context of the present topic to provide a complete background for the Alexander-traditions of the Sassanian and early Islamic worlds, but a few observations may help the reader to follow my account of the Persian and Arabic evidence.
Appendices
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Addenda
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Maps
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
The Alexandrian Lists
We shall be concerned in this opening chapter, not with the cities attested by the Alexander-historians as having been founded by Alexander in the course of his campaigns but with the lists of cities named as Alexandrias in (a) the Epitome of Stephanus of Byzantium’s ‘[ineq], (b) the earliest surviving Greek and associated versions (henceforth called the a-tradition) of the Alexander-Romance, properly called the Life of Alexander of Macedon, and …
Social and spatial relationships and the 'problem' inner city
This article examines the processes by which one part of Manchester's inner city (Moss-Side) has come to acquire a national status as an arche typal inner-city 'problem area'. The particular set of social and spatial relationships involved in the production of this status are explored. The relative neglect of this type of approach in the ongoing debate around the 'inner city question' has, it is argued, led to an over-preoccupation with the simil…
Whom Can You Trust? The Politics of 'Grassing' on an Inner City Housing Estate
This paper derives from an ongoing research project concerned to explore how people living in, going to work in, attending school in, high crime areas manage their routine daily lives. It focuses on one of our research areas in which we argue that the question of the 'fear of crime' is much better understood through an appreciation of how the question of trust manifests itself in that community. In other words, whom you trust, when, and by how mu…
Alcohol and oesophageal cancer
Although various factors have been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer, one factor common to many countries is the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In England and Wales mrtality from oesophageal cancer declined rapidly during the early part of this century but both mortality and incidence have increased in recent years. The generation of males born in 1906 had lower mortality than any preceding or succeeding generation. It is sug…
On the estimation of relative risk from vital statistical data
A method is described for the determination of a measure of relative risk from vital statistical data. If the frequency of disease in a population is linearly related to the level of exposure to a given factor, then a measure of the relative risk can be estimated from the slope and intercept of the regression line. For example, when the exposure is measured in terms of the proportion of the population exposed to the factor, then the relative risk…
Geographical variations in the epidemic of asthma deaths
The mortality rate from asthma increased sharply and confusion over the cause of death is unlikely. between the years 1959 and 1966 in England and Wales, and to a lesser extent in some other countries
Whom Can You Trust? The Politics of 'Grassing' on an Inner City Housing Estate
This paper derives from an ongoing research project concerned to explore how people living in, going to work in, attending school in, high crime areas manage their routine daily lives. It focuses on one of our research areas in which we argue that the question of the 'fear of crime' is much better understood through an appreciation of how the question of trust manifests itself in that community. In other words, whom you trust, when, and by how mu…
Social and spatial relationships and the 'problem' inner city
This article examines the processes by which one part of Manchester's inner city (Moss-Side) has come to acquire a national status as an arche typal inner-city 'problem area'. The particular set of social and spatial relationships involved in the production of this status are explored. The relative neglect of this type of approach in the ongoing debate around the 'inner city question' has, it is argued, led to an over-preoccupation with the simil…
On the estimation of relative risk from vital statistical data
A method is described for the determination of a measure of relative risk from vital statistical data. If the frequency of disease in a population is linearly related to the level of exposure to a given factor, then a measure of the relative risk can be estimated from the slope and intercept of the regression line. For example, when the exposure is measured in terms of the proportion of the population exposed to the factor, then the relative risk…
Alcohol and oesophageal cancer
Although various factors have been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer, one factor common to many countries is the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In England and Wales mrtality from oesophageal cancer declined rapidly during the early part of this century but both mortality and incidence have increased in recent years. The generation of males born in 1906 had lower mortality than any preceding or succeeding generation. It is sug…
Regional Monetary Policy
Fraser P., MacDonald G. A. and Mullineux A. W. Regional monetary policy: an Australian perspective, Regional Studies. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model for Australia is utilized to identify the domestic impacts of common monetary policy shocks on national and state business cycles and to consider the role of state diversification disparities for observed differences in responses to monetary policy innovations. Western Australia and …
Geographical variations in the epidemic of asthma deaths
The mortality rate from asthma increased sharply and confusion over the cause of death is unlikely. between the years 1959 and 1966 in England and Wales, and to a lesser extent in some other countries
Alcohol and oesophageal cancer
Although various factors have been implicated in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer, one factor common to many countries is the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In England and Wales mrtality from oesophageal cancer declined rapidly during the early part of this century but both mortality and incidence have increased in recent years. The generation of males born in 1906 had lower mortality than any preceding or succeeding generation. It is sug…
On the estimation of relative risk from vital statistical data
A method is described for the determination of a measure of relative risk from vital statistical data. If the frequency of disease in a population is linearly related to the level of exposure to a given factor, then a measure of the relative risk can be estimated from the slope and intercept of the regression line. For example, when the exposure is measured in terms of the proportion of the population exposed to the factor, then the relative risk…
Table of Alexander-foundations
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Summary of the Eastern Campaigns
It is not my purpose in this brief chapter to do more than indicate, on the basis of Arrian’s narrative of Alexander’s campaigns, where Alexander is recorded as having founded major settlements, or actual cities, with a brief note also of the circumstances in which this occurred. This introduction will, it is hoped, help the reader to follow the problems that arise in identifying the foundations there after.
The Geographers
The evidence provided by the geographers of Hellenistic and Roman date is of two kinds, the one geographical in the wide sense of providing locations and measurements of regions, the other chorographical, recording the location of tribes, cities and other settlements within the regions described, and also their physical features. The evidence covers a long period of the Greco-Roman geographical tradition, from the bematists of Alexander’s expedit…
Identifications
The purpose of this chapter is to consider the possible identification and location of the cities described as Alexandrias, or associated names, as recorded by the Alexander-historians and the geographers. No attempt is made to discuss the identifications proposed for cities recorded only in the Alexandrian or Iranian lists, which, for the reasons explained in Chapters I and II, I disregard in this context. The historicity of the foundations unde…
General Assessment of Alexander’s Foundations
Several features seem to recur constantly as factors in the foundations, which provide us with an indication of Alexander’s purpose in founding cities. In assessing this evidence we leave on one side the numerous forts and temporary garrisons, the construction of which was a recurrent feature of operations throughout the years of campaigning, and which are frequently referred to by the historians. There is no suggestion in our sources that these …
Epilogue
A Brief assessment of the various data concerning Alexander’s foundations may be summarily presented here, before turning to consider the immediately subsequent history of the cities he founded. By way of recapitulation, then, it may be stated, as the central thesis of this study, that the lists of cities named Alexandria as recorded in the Romance and texts which derive from it, either through use of it in a different context (as the Excerpta Ba…
The Iranian Tradition
The Iranian evidence for the foundation of cities by Alexander the Great supports, I believe, the interpretation offered of the Alexandrian lists in the previous chapter. It is not possible in the context of the present topic to provide a complete background for the Alexander-traditions of the Sassanian and early Islamic worlds, but a few observations may help the reader to follow my account of the Persian and Arabic evidence.
Appendices
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Addenda
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Maps
Subject Ancient Greek History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
The Alexandrian Lists
We shall be concerned in this opening chapter, not with the cities attested by the Alexander-historians as having been founded by Alexander in the course of his campaigns but with the lists of cities named as Alexandrias in (a) the Epitome of Stephanus of Byzantium’s ‘[ineq], (b) the earliest surviving Greek and associated versions (henceforth called the a-tradition) of the Alexander-Romance, properly called the Life of Alexander of Macedon, and …
Social and spatial relationships and the 'problem' inner city
This article examines the processes by which one part of Manchester's inner city (Moss-Side) has come to acquire a national status as an arche typal inner-city 'problem area'. The particular set of social and spatial relationships involved in the production of this status are explored. The relative neglect of this type of approach in the ongoing debate around the 'inner city question' has, it is argued, led to an over-preoccupation with the simil…
Whom Can You Trust? The Politics of 'Grassing' on an Inner City Housing Estate
This paper derives from an ongoing research project concerned to explore how people living in, going to work in, attending school in, high crime areas manage their routine daily lives. It focuses on one of our research areas in which we argue that the question of the 'fear of crime' is much better understood through an appreciation of how the question of trust manifests itself in that community. In other words, whom you trust, when, and by how mu…
Regional Monetary Policy
Fraser P., MacDonald G. A. and Mullineux A. W. Regional monetary policy: an Australian perspective, Regional Studies. A structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model for Australia is utilized to identify the domestic impacts of common monetary policy shocks on national and state business cycles and to consider the role of state diversification disparities for observed differences in responses to monetary policy innovations. Western Australia and …
The impact of a community-based intervention on weight, weight-related behaviours and health-related quality of life in primary school children in Victoria, Australia, according to socio-economic posi…
The WHO STOPS intervention had differential effects on several weight-related behaviours according to SEP, including physical activity. Similar impacts on HRQoL outcomes were found between high and low SEP groups. Importantly, the trial evaluation was not powered to detect subgroup differences. Future evaluations of CBIs should be designed with an equity lens, to understand if and how these types of interventions can benefit all community members…
Measuring Shifts in Mental Models in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Rural Australia
Group model building is a participatory workshop technique used in system dynamics for developing community consensus to address complex problems by consensus building on individual assumptions. This study examines changes in individual mental models of the complex problem of childhood obesity following participation in group model building (GMB), as part of a larger community-based system dynamics project. Data are drawn from GMB participants ac…
How healthy and affordable are foods and beverages sold in school canteens? A cross-sectional study comparing menus from Victorian primary schools
Objective: Government policy guidance in Victoria, Australia, encourages schools to provide affordable, healthy foods in canteens. This study analysed the healthiness and price of items available in canteens in Victorian primary schools and associations with school characteristics. Design: Dietitians classified menu items (main, snack and beverage) using the red, amber and green traffic light system defined in the Victorian government’s School Ca…
System approaches to childhood obesity prevention
Objective: Childhood obesity prevention is critical to reducing the health and economic burden currently experienced by the Australian economy. System science has emerged as an approach to manage the complexity of childhood obesity and the ever-changing risk factors, resources and priorities of government and funders. Anecdotally, our experience suggests that inflexibility of traditional research methods and dense academic terminology created iss…
The common drivers of children and young people’s health and wellbeing across 13 local government areas
Combining large CLDs into a simple diagram represents a generalisable model of the drivers of complex health problems
Expert insights into public health nutrition challenges
Objective: This paper explored international experts’ views on what influences the development and implementation of local government (LG) planning policy to support healthy food retail environments; and 2) whether a rapid group model building (RGMB) approach can successfully be applied to capture valuable insights. Design: Adaptation of methods from community-based system dynamics in the form of RGMB. Setting: In person, facilitated workshop at …
Food retail environments around rural Victorian primary Schools
Few studies examine the influence on population diets of the healthiness of food retail outlets in the areas surrounding rural schools in Australia. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined associations between food retail environments within 500m and 1 km of 106 primary schools in rural Victoria, Australia, and self-reported diet and measured weight status of grade 4(9-10yo) and grade 6(12-13yo) students (n = 3236). Few significant result…
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