Stefan Kohler
Biographic Data
| ID | 3993457 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stefan Kohler |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stefan |
| FAMILY NAME | Kohler |
| SIGNATURE | KOHLER S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Heidelberg University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1365-7506 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Implicit prediction as a consequence of statistical learning
The sensory input that we encounter while navigating through each day is highly structured, containing patterns that repeat over time. Statistical learning is the process of becoming attuned to these patterns and can facilitate online processing. These online facilitation effects are often ascribed to prediction, in which information about an upcoming event is represented before it occurs. However, previously observed facilitation effects could a…
Using country-level variables to discover country clusters beyond traditional health policy and performance metrics: An unsupervised machine learning approach for HIV healthcare delivery and financing
HIV remains a major public health challenge, with 1.4 million new infections and 31.6 million people accessing antiretroviral treatment in 2024. In many countries, HIV services have been provided through vertical programs, which, although highly successful in bringing treatment to people living with HIV since the early 2000s, are unlikely to sustain progress beyond donor dependency. The increasing push towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), whi…
Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on the cost-effectiveness of empiric treatment for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
The WHO recommends the bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) regimen with the additional fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin (BPaLM) for initial treatment of multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). However, fluoroquinolone drug susceptibility testing (DST) coverage for MDR/RR-TB is only around 55% globally, and the efficacy of moxifloxacin may be compromised in settings with high fluoroquinolone resistance. We ext…
Optimising TB investments in Belarus, Moldova, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: An allocative efficiency analysis
High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are a barrier to achieving End TB-strategy targets in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This analysis collates results from five country-level modelling studies to identify priorities to reduce TB burden. Allocative efficiency studies were conducted in 2023 in Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan using the Optima TB model to determine the optimised distribution of funds to maxi…
Curiosity and reward after unsuccessful memory recall
Lifetime familiarity cue effects for autobiographical memory
Trends in the availability and prices of quality-assured tuberculosis drugs: A systematic analysis of Global Drug Facility Product Catalogs from 2001 to 2024
BACKGROUND: The Global Drug Facility (GDF) of the Stop TB Partnership was launched in 2001 with the goal of increasing access to quality-assured tuberculosis (TB) drugs and products. We aimed to describe the TB drugs and prices available from the GDF over time and to assess trends. METHODS: We searched the internet, including an internet archive, for past and recent GDF Product Catalogs and extracted the listed TB drugs and prices. We calculated …
Separate but not independent: Behavioral pattern separation and statistical learning are differentially affected by aging
Cost-effectiveness evaluation of routine histoplasmosis screening among people living with advanced HIV disease in Latin America and the Caribbean
Histoplasma antigen can be detected in people with advanced HIV disease (AHD), allowing for early and accurate diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of routine histoplasmosis screening using antigen detection, among people with AHD. We developed a decision analytic model to evaluate Histoplasma antigen screening among people with AHD. The model estimated the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effec…
Depressive symptoms and their association with age, chronic conditions and health status among middle-aged and elderly people in peri-urban Tanzania
Depressive symptoms affected almost one in three people aged over 40 years. Their prevalence differed across age groups and was moderated by chronic conditions, health status and socioeconomic factors
Multi-purpose cash transfers and health among vulnerable Syrian refugees in Jordan: A prospective cohort study
Cash assistance has rapidly expanded in the Syrian refugee response in Jordan and global humanitarian programming, yet little is known about the effect of multipurpose cash transfers (MPC) on health in humanitarian contexts. A prospective cohort study was conducted from May 2018 through July 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of MPC in improving access to healthcare and health expenditures by Syrian refugees in Jordan. Households receiving MPCs (…
The contribution of drug import to the cost of tuberculosis treatment: A cost analysis of longer, shorter, and short drug regimens for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
Tuberculosis (TB) programs depend on a continuous supply of large amounts of high-quality TB drugs. When TB programs procure TB drugs from international suppliers, such as the Global Drug Facility, they can incur import costs for international transport, customs clearance, and national transport. We assessed the drug costs and import costs of 18 longer (≥18 months), 10 shorter (9–12 months), and 8 short (≤6 months) drug regimens for drug-sensitiv…
Out-of-pocket Expenses and Time Spent on Clinic Visits Among HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and Other Clinic Attendees in Eswatini
User costs constitute a barrier to the uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but their magnitude appears rarely assessed. In this prospective observational study, we assessed self-reported out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) and time spent on clinic visits during a PrEP demonstration project in Eswatini. At six public primary care clinics, 240 PrEP users and other clinic attendees were interviewed after a clinic visit. Among the 79.2% of clini…
PrEP uptake and delivery setting preferences among clients visiting six healthcare facilities in Eswatini
Due to the high HIV incidence among the general population of Eswatini, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-exposed individuals is recommended. However, little is known about PrEP uptake and preferences in PrEP delivery healthcare setting among the general population. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial that aimed to increase PrEP uptake. All clients eligible for PrEP in one of six public-sector healthcare facilities in Es…
Mitigating losses: How scientific organisations can help address the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on early-career researchers
Scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build international partnerships as part of science diplomacy is a well-established notion. The international flow of people and ideas has played an important role in the advancement of the 'Sciences' and the current pandemic scenario has drawn attention towards the genuine need for a stronger role of science diplomacy, science advice and science communication. In dealing w…
Feeling-of-knowing experiences breed curiosity
A central tenet in theoretical work on metacognition is that retrieval experiences during memory search can exert control over behaviour. States of curiosity, which reflect motivational tendencies to seek out information, may play a critical role in this control function. We conducted two experiments to address this idea, focusing on links between feeling-of knowing (FOK) experiences, memory-search duration, and subsequent information-seeking beh…
Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review
Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-202…
The Costs of Creatinine Testing in the Context of a HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project in Eswatini
HIV treatment and prevention as well as other chronic disease care can require regular kidney function assessment based on a creatinine test. To assess the costs of creatinine testing in a public health care system, we conducted activity-based costing during a HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration project in the Hhohho region of Eswatini. Resource use was assessed by a laboratory technician and valued with government procurement price…
Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…
BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system le…
Past, present, and future of global health financing: A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending in each country are a key input for health policy and planning, and are necessary to support the achievement of national and international health goals. Previous studies have tracked past and projected future health spending until 2040 and shown that, with economic development, countries tend to spend more on health per capita, with a decreasing share of spending from developme…
A role for visceral feedback and interoception in feelings-of-knowing
When Gist and Familiarity Collide: Evidence From False Recognition in Younger and Older Adults
When helpful gist and misleading familiarity collide, gist wins, and eliminates age-related increases in false recognition
Urbanization and Health in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: Future population growth will take place predominantly in cities of the developing world. The impact of urbanization on health is discussed controversially. We review recent research on urban-rural and intra-urban health differences in developing countries and investigate whether a health advantage was found for urban areas. METHODS: We systematically searched the databases JSTOR, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SSRN for studies that compar…
The effects of land use change on atmospheric nutrientdeposition in Central Sulawesi
Customary water rights and modern technology: The overuse of groundwater resources in Wâdî Harîb, Yemen
The current problems with regards to water overuse in Yemeni agriculture can be explained by the existence and continuous application of customary rights and traditional institutions while, at the same time, modern technology is widely used. Taking the example of Harîb, a valley in the eastern and dry escarpment of Yemen, this paper will show how different legal levels govern water use. Moreover, attempts by the central government to introduce ne…
Customary water rights and modern technology: The overuse of groundwater resources in Wâdî Harîb, Yemen
The current problems with regards to water overuse in Yemeni agriculture can be explained by the existence and continuous application of customary rights and traditional institutions while, at the same time, modern technology is widely used. Taking the example of Harîb, a valley in the eastern and dry escarpment of Yemen, this paper will show how different legal levels govern water use. Moreover, attempts by the central government to introduce ne…
Customary water rights and modern technology: The overuse of groundwater resources in Wâdî Harîb, Yemen
The current problems with regards to water overuse in Yemeni agriculture can be explained by the existence and continuous application of customary rights and traditional institutions while, at the same time, modern technology is widely used. Taking the example of Harîb, a valley in the eastern and dry escarpment of Yemen, this paper will show how different legal levels govern water use. Moreover, attempts by the central government to introduce ne…
The effects of land use change on atmospheric nutrientdeposition in Central Sulawesi
Urbanization and Health in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: Future population growth will take place predominantly in cities of the developing world. The impact of urbanization on health is discussed controversially. We review recent research on urban-rural and intra-urban health differences in developing countries and investigate whether a health advantage was found for urban areas. METHODS: We systematically searched the databases JSTOR, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SSRN for studies that compar…
A role for visceral feedback and interoception in feelings-of-knowing
When Gist and Familiarity Collide: Evidence From False Recognition in Younger and Older Adults
When helpful gist and misleading familiarity collide, gist wins, and eliminates age-related increases in false recognition
Past, present, and future of global health financing: A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending in each country are a key input for health policy and planning, and are necessary to support the achievement of national and international health goals. Previous studies have tracked past and projected future health spending until 2040 and shown that, with economic development, countries tend to spend more on health per capita, with a decreasing share of spending from developme…
Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…
BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system le…
Mitigating losses: How scientific organisations can help address the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on early-career researchers
Scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build international partnerships as part of science diplomacy is a well-established notion. The international flow of people and ideas has played an important role in the advancement of the 'Sciences' and the current pandemic scenario has drawn attention towards the genuine need for a stronger role of science diplomacy, science advice and science communication. In dealing w…
Feeling-of-knowing experiences breed curiosity
A central tenet in theoretical work on metacognition is that retrieval experiences during memory search can exert control over behaviour. States of curiosity, which reflect motivational tendencies to seek out information, may play a critical role in this control function. We conducted two experiments to address this idea, focusing on links between feeling-of knowing (FOK) experiences, memory-search duration, and subsequent information-seeking beh…
Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review
Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-202…
The Costs of Creatinine Testing in the Context of a HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project in Eswatini
HIV treatment and prevention as well as other chronic disease care can require regular kidney function assessment based on a creatinine test. To assess the costs of creatinine testing in a public health care system, we conducted activity-based costing during a HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration project in the Hhohho region of Eswatini. Resource use was assessed by a laboratory technician and valued with government procurement price…
Multi-purpose cash transfers and health among vulnerable Syrian refugees in Jordan: A prospective cohort study
Cash assistance has rapidly expanded in the Syrian refugee response in Jordan and global humanitarian programming, yet little is known about the effect of multipurpose cash transfers (MPC) on health in humanitarian contexts. A prospective cohort study was conducted from May 2018 through July 2019 to evaluate the effectiveness of MPC in improving access to healthcare and health expenditures by Syrian refugees in Jordan. Households receiving MPCs (…
The contribution of drug import to the cost of tuberculosis treatment: A cost analysis of longer, shorter, and short drug regimens for Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
Tuberculosis (TB) programs depend on a continuous supply of large amounts of high-quality TB drugs. When TB programs procure TB drugs from international suppliers, such as the Global Drug Facility, they can incur import costs for international transport, customs clearance, and national transport. We assessed the drug costs and import costs of 18 longer (≥18 months), 10 shorter (9–12 months), and 8 short (≤6 months) drug regimens for drug-sensitiv…
Out-of-pocket Expenses and Time Spent on Clinic Visits Among HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and Other Clinic Attendees in Eswatini
User costs constitute a barrier to the uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but their magnitude appears rarely assessed. In this prospective observational study, we assessed self-reported out-of-pocket expenses (OOPE) and time spent on clinic visits during a PrEP demonstration project in Eswatini. At six public primary care clinics, 240 PrEP users and other clinic attendees were interviewed after a clinic visit. Among the 79.2% of clini…
PrEP uptake and delivery setting preferences among clients visiting six healthcare facilities in Eswatini
Due to the high HIV incidence among the general population of Eswatini, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-exposed individuals is recommended. However, little is known about PrEP uptake and preferences in PrEP delivery healthcare setting among the general population. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial that aimed to increase PrEP uptake. All clients eligible for PrEP in one of six public-sector healthcare facilities in Es…
Separate but not independent: Behavioral pattern separation and statistical learning are differentially affected by aging
Cost-effectiveness evaluation of routine histoplasmosis screening among people living with advanced HIV disease in Latin America and the Caribbean
Histoplasma antigen can be detected in people with advanced HIV disease (AHD), allowing for early and accurate diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this analysis was to assess the cost-effectiveness of routine histoplasmosis screening using antigen detection, among people with AHD. We developed a decision analytic model to evaluate Histoplasma antigen screening among people with AHD. The model estimated the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effec…
Depressive symptoms and their association with age, chronic conditions and health status among middle-aged and elderly people in peri-urban Tanzania
Depressive symptoms affected almost one in three people aged over 40 years. Their prevalence differed across age groups and was moderated by chronic conditions, health status and socioeconomic factors
Lifetime familiarity cue effects for autobiographical memory
Trends in the availability and prices of quality-assured tuberculosis drugs: A systematic analysis of Global Drug Facility Product Catalogs from 2001 to 2024
BACKGROUND: The Global Drug Facility (GDF) of the Stop TB Partnership was launched in 2001 with the goal of increasing access to quality-assured tuberculosis (TB) drugs and products. We aimed to describe the TB drugs and prices available from the GDF over time and to assess trends. METHODS: We searched the internet, including an internet archive, for past and recent GDF Product Catalogs and extracted the listed TB drugs and prices. We calculated …
Implicit prediction as a consequence of statistical learning
The sensory input that we encounter while navigating through each day is highly structured, containing patterns that repeat over time. Statistical learning is the process of becoming attuned to these patterns and can facilitate online processing. These online facilitation effects are often ascribed to prediction, in which information about an upcoming event is represented before it occurs. However, previously observed facilitation effects could a…
Using country-level variables to discover country clusters beyond traditional health policy and performance metrics: An unsupervised machine learning approach for HIV healthcare delivery and financing
HIV remains a major public health challenge, with 1.4 million new infections and 31.6 million people accessing antiretroviral treatment in 2024. In many countries, HIV services have been provided through vertical programs, which, although highly successful in bringing treatment to people living with HIV since the early 2000s, are unlikely to sustain progress beyond donor dependency. The increasing push towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), whi…
Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on the cost-effectiveness of empiric treatment for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
The WHO recommends the bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL) regimen with the additional fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin (BPaLM) for initial treatment of multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). However, fluoroquinolone drug susceptibility testing (DST) coverage for MDR/RR-TB is only around 55% globally, and the efficacy of moxifloxacin may be compromised in settings with high fluoroquinolone resistance. We ext…
Optimising TB investments in Belarus, Moldova, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan: An allocative efficiency analysis
High rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) are a barrier to achieving End TB-strategy targets in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This analysis collates results from five country-level modelling studies to identify priorities to reduce TB burden. Allocative efficiency studies were conducted in 2023 in Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan using the Optima TB model to determine the optimised distribution of funds to maxi…
Curiosity and reward after unsuccessful memory recall
Medicine (13 works) · Internal Medicine (9 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Economics (5 works) · Environmental health (5 works) · Health care (5 works) · Population (5 works) · Business (4 works) · Cognition (4 works)