Valter Lang
Biographic Data
| ID | 3996493 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Valter Lang |
| GIVEN NAMES | Valter |
| FAMILY NAME | Lang |
| SIGNATURE | LANG V |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tartu |
| ORCID | 0009-0000-0690-0606 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 34 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Migrations from the west, south, and east shaped the Proto-Finnic ethnos
This article deals with migrations to the area of what is today Estonia from the late second millennium to the late first millennium BC, as revealed by archaeological material. This was the era in which the Proto-Finnic people, language, and culture were shaped and developed. At least five immigration episodes originated from the western direction and are associated with (1) early block-shaped fields starting from the period 1400–1200 BC, (2) sto…
Segregated food culture? Bronze Age (1250–500 cal BCE) dietary practices in northern Estonia
Multi-proxy study reveals Bronze Age diet in Estonia was plant-based. • C3 plants were staple food across all social groups. • Meat and fish intake increased after 800 cal BCE. • No dietary differences between stone-cist and hilltop groups. • Regional dietary differences begin to emerge across the Eastern Baltic. The Bronze Age (2000/1750–500 BCE) in the Eastern Baltic has been considered a period for increased social stratification. While previo…
Horsemeat consumption in Late Bronze Age Estonia: A case study from the Iru fortified settlement
Horsemeat consumption has been one of the most intriguing questions about ancient dietary practices. Zooarchaeological materials from the Late Bronze Age in Estonia (850â 500 BCE) contain high proportions of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) compared to subsequent periods, leading to debates about the cultural-economic features of eating horsemeat during this period. One of the assemblages rich in horse remains is from the Iru fortified settle…
Pre-Roman Iron Age inhumations: A multi-proxy analysis of a burial complex from Tallinn, Estonia
This article presents the results of a multi-proxy study conducted on a triple burial found at a settlement site at Pärnu Road 41, Tallinn, Estonia, dating to 405â 360 cal BC (Pre-Roman Iron Age). Through archaeological and chemical analyses, including AMS dating, archaeobotany, osteology, stable isotope analysis, lipid analysis, metallography and XRF analysis, this study proves valuable insights into the provenance, diet, and burial practices of…
In search of Estonia’s earliest chicken
It has been hypothesised that the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) was introduced to the area of what is now modern-day Estonia around the Pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age. However, none of the earliest chicken bones found in the area had been radiocarbon dated and due to a complex contextual background, the question of its first appearance has been left open. With the aim of finding the earliest evidence for the chicken in Estonia, we looked into t…
The Eastern Baltic
This chapter examines Iron Age funerary and domestic archaeological sites, and economic and cultural developments from c.500 BC–AD 550/600, in the east Baltic region (present day Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). While the early pre-Roman Iron Age was to some extent a continuation of the late Bronze Age in material culture terms, many changes took place in the late pre-Roman Iron Age. At the change of era, new cultural trends spread over the east …
Fortified Settlements in the Eastern Baltic: From Earlier Research to New Interpretations
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] A brief history of research and earlier interpretations of fortified settlements east of the Baltic Sea are provided in the first part of the article. The earlier research has resulted in the identification of the main area of the distribution of fortified settlements, the main chronology in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages, and their general cultural and economic character. It ha…
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age presents to students, scholars, and interested general readers a broad overview of current understanding of the archaeology of Europe from 1000 bc to the early historic period. During this period, new technologies, agricultural innovation, and demographic growth saw much of the landscape opened up to near modern limits, accompanied in many areas by greater social and economic complexity. Three introduc…
Tracing Prehistoric Migration: Isotope Analysis of Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Age Coastal Burials in Estonia; Pp. 3–32
There have been various explanations in archaeological literature about whether the earliest Bronze Age stone-cist graves and the first Pre-Roman Iron Age tarand graves in Estonia were built by locals or non-locals. As to possible immigrations, the stone-cist graves have been often related to Scandinavian populations, whilst early tarand graves allegedly had roots in eastern directions. The oldest known examples of these cemetery types are at JÃμ…
Estonian Approaches to Culture Theory
Her research focused on theoretical problems of human time and generational consciousness
Kalevite kange rahvas
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Estonia
This book analyses social, economic, and cultural processes during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (18th century BC – 5th century AD) in what is today Estonia. The above period between the Stone Age (ca. 9000–1800 BC) and the Middle Iron Age (AD 450–800) was an era of significant and crucial developmental processes. The final transition from a foraging to a farming economy occurred during that time and resulted in an extensive settlement shift fro…
Archaeological Research in Estonia 1865–2005
This volume is dedicated to the historiography and analysis of the present state of Estonian archaeology. Part I (articles by Valter Lang and Marge Konsa) provides a review of the general development of archaeological research in Estonia from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, focusing on institutional changes and advances in theoretical thinking and approaches. Part II includes articles by Aivar Kriiska, V. Lang, Andres Tvaur…
A New Early Bronze Age Socketed Axe
A bronze axe found from Eesnurga village is described. According to some indirect parallels reported from Scandinavia and southern Baltic region, the axe can probably be dated to period III of the Nordic Bronze Age. On käsitletud Eesnurga kÃ1⁄4last leitud pronkskirvest. Otsustades mÃμningate ligikaudsete paralleelide pÃμhjal Skandinaaviast ja lÃμunapoolsest Baltikumist, on tegu arvatavasti pronksiaja III perioodil valmistatud esemega
The age of the Kaali meteorite craters and the effect of the impact on the environment and man: Evidence from inside the Kaali craters, island of Saaremaa, Estonia
From Centre Toperiphery: Establishment and History of the Agricultural Settlement in the Vihasoo-Palmse Area (Virumaa, North Estonia)
Interpreting Archaeological Cultures
This article was prompted by the concern that the main problems in the ethnic interpretations of our past originate from the misuse of terms like "archaeological culture", "anthropological type" and "proto-language" composed by the researchers for the systematisation of the corresponding evidence. General uselessness of ethnic reconstructions based on the old culture historical approach to archaeological, anthropological and linguistic evidence t…
Eesti Esiaja Periodiseering Ja Kronoloogia
Vajangu Pronksmõõk
On kisitletud arvatavasti Vajangu kiilast leitud
Varased Kangurkalmed Eestis
vanimad
Kultuurmaastikku Luuesessee Maastiku Religioossest Ja Sümboliseeritud Korraldusest
Zooloogiline Uurimus Arheoloogilisest Luuainesest
Eesti Lohukivid Uues Valguses
Eessõna Eesti Arheoloogia Ajakirja Esimesele Numbrile
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age presents to students, scholars, and interested general readers a broad overview of current understanding of the archaeology of Europe from 1000 bc to the early historic period. During this period, new technologies, agricultural innovation, and demographic growth saw much of the landscape opened up to near modern limits, accompanied in many areas by greater social and economic complexity. Three introduc…
Tracing Prehistoric Migration: Isotope Analysis of Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Age Coastal Burials in Estonia; Pp. 3–32
There have been various explanations in archaeological literature about whether the earliest Bronze Age stone-cist graves and the first Pre-Roman Iron Age tarand graves in Estonia were built by locals or non-locals. As to possible immigrations, the stone-cist graves have been often related to Scandinavian populations, whilst early tarand graves allegedly had roots in eastern directions. The oldest known examples of these cemetery types are at JÃμ…
Eesti Esiaja Periodiseering Ja Kronoloogia
The age of the Kaali meteorite craters and the effect of the impact on the environment and man: Evidence from inside the Kaali craters, island of Saaremaa, Estonia
Segregated food culture? Bronze Age (1250–500 cal BCE) dietary practices in northern Estonia
Multi-proxy study reveals Bronze Age diet in Estonia was plant-based. • C3 plants were staple food across all social groups. • Meat and fish intake increased after 800 cal BCE. • No dietary differences between stone-cist and hilltop groups. • Regional dietary differences begin to emerge across the Eastern Baltic. The Bronze Age (2000/1750–500 BCE) in the Eastern Baltic has been considered a period for increased social stratification. While previo…
Horsemeat consumption in Late Bronze Age Estonia: A case study from the Iru fortified settlement
Horsemeat consumption has been one of the most intriguing questions about ancient dietary practices. Zooarchaeological materials from the Late Bronze Age in Estonia (850â 500 BCE) contain high proportions of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) compared to subsequent periods, leading to debates about the cultural-economic features of eating horsemeat during this period. One of the assemblages rich in horse remains is from the Iru fortified settle…
Estonian Approaches to Culture Theory
Her research focused on theoretical problems of human time and generational consciousness
Kultuurmaastikku Luuesessee Maastiku Religioossest Ja Sümboliseeritud Korraldusest
Eesti Lohukivid Uues Valguses
Eessõna Eesti Arheoloogia Ajakirja Esimesele Numbrile
Zooloogiline Uurimus Arheoloogilisest Luuainesest
Kultuurmaastikku Luuesessee Maastiku Religioossest Ja Sümboliseeritud Korraldusest
Varased Kangurkalmed Eestis
vanimad
Interpreting Archaeological Cultures
This article was prompted by the concern that the main problems in the ethnic interpretations of our past originate from the misuse of terms like "archaeological culture", "anthropological type" and "proto-language" composed by the researchers for the systematisation of the corresponding evidence. General uselessness of ethnic reconstructions based on the old culture historical approach to archaeological, anthropological and linguistic evidence t…
Eesti Esiaja Periodiseering Ja Kronoloogia
Vajangu Pronksmõõk
On kisitletud arvatavasti Vajangu kiilast leitud
From Centre Toperiphery: Establishment and History of the Agricultural Settlement in the Vihasoo-Palmse Area (Virumaa, North Estonia)
The age of the Kaali meteorite craters and the effect of the impact on the environment and man: Evidence from inside the Kaali craters, island of Saaremaa, Estonia
Archaeological Research in Estonia 1865–2005
This volume is dedicated to the historiography and analysis of the present state of Estonian archaeology. Part I (articles by Valter Lang and Marge Konsa) provides a review of the general development of archaeological research in Estonia from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, focusing on institutional changes and advances in theoretical thinking and approaches. Part II includes articles by Aivar Kriiska, V. Lang, Andres Tvaur…
A New Early Bronze Age Socketed Axe
A bronze axe found from Eesnurga village is described. According to some indirect parallels reported from Scandinavia and southern Baltic region, the axe can probably be dated to period III of the Nordic Bronze Age. On käsitletud Eesnurga kÃ1⁄4last leitud pronkskirvest. Otsustades mÃμningate ligikaudsete paralleelide pÃμhjal Skandinaaviast ja lÃμunapoolsest Baltikumist, on tegu arvatavasti pronksiaja III perioodil valmistatud esemega
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Estonia
This book analyses social, economic, and cultural processes during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (18th century BC – 5th century AD) in what is today Estonia. The above period between the Stone Age (ca. 9000–1800 BC) and the Middle Iron Age (AD 450–800) was an era of significant and crucial developmental processes. The final transition from a foraging to a farming economy occurred during that time and resulted in an extensive settlement shift fro…
Kalevite kange rahvas
Estonian Approaches to Culture Theory
Her research focused on theoretical problems of human time and generational consciousness
Tracing Prehistoric Migration: Isotope Analysis of Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Age Coastal Burials in Estonia; Pp. 3–32
There have been various explanations in archaeological literature about whether the earliest Bronze Age stone-cist graves and the first Pre-Roman Iron Age tarand graves in Estonia were built by locals or non-locals. As to possible immigrations, the stone-cist graves have been often related to Scandinavian populations, whilst early tarand graves allegedly had roots in eastern directions. The oldest known examples of these cemetery types are at JÃμ…
The Eastern Baltic
This chapter examines Iron Age funerary and domestic archaeological sites, and economic and cultural developments from c.500 BC–AD 550/600, in the east Baltic region (present day Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania). While the early pre-Roman Iron Age was to some extent a continuation of the late Bronze Age in material culture terms, many changes took place in the late pre-Roman Iron Age. At the change of era, new cultural trends spread over the east …
Fortified Settlements in the Eastern Baltic: From Earlier Research to New Interpretations
[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] A brief history of research and earlier interpretations of fortified settlements east of the Baltic Sea are provided in the first part of the article. The earlier research has resulted in the identification of the main area of the distribution of fortified settlements, the main chronology in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages, and their general cultural and economic character. It ha…
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Iron Age presents to students, scholars, and interested general readers a broad overview of current understanding of the archaeology of Europe from 1000 bc to the early historic period. During this period, new technologies, agricultural innovation, and demographic growth saw much of the landscape opened up to near modern limits, accompanied in many areas by greater social and economic complexity. Three introduc…
In search of Estonia’s earliest chicken
It has been hypothesised that the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) was introduced to the area of what is now modern-day Estonia around the Pre-Roman or Roman Iron Age. However, none of the earliest chicken bones found in the area had been radiocarbon dated and due to a complex contextual background, the question of its first appearance has been left open. With the aim of finding the earliest evidence for the chicken in Estonia, we looked into t…
Pre-Roman Iron Age inhumations: A multi-proxy analysis of a burial complex from Tallinn, Estonia
This article presents the results of a multi-proxy study conducted on a triple burial found at a settlement site at Pärnu Road 41, Tallinn, Estonia, dating to 405â 360 cal BC (Pre-Roman Iron Age). Through archaeological and chemical analyses, including AMS dating, archaeobotany, osteology, stable isotope analysis, lipid analysis, metallography and XRF analysis, this study proves valuable insights into the provenance, diet, and burial practices of…
Horsemeat consumption in Late Bronze Age Estonia: A case study from the Iru fortified settlement
Horsemeat consumption has been one of the most intriguing questions about ancient dietary practices. Zooarchaeological materials from the Late Bronze Age in Estonia (850â 500 BCE) contain high proportions of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) compared to subsequent periods, leading to debates about the cultural-economic features of eating horsemeat during this period. One of the assemblages rich in horse remains is from the Iru fortified settle…
Migrations from the west, south, and east shaped the Proto-Finnic ethnos
This article deals with migrations to the area of what is today Estonia from the late second millennium to the late first millennium BC, as revealed by archaeological material. This was the era in which the Proto-Finnic people, language, and culture were shaped and developed. At least five immigration episodes originated from the western direction and are associated with (1) early block-shaped fields starting from the period 1400–1200 BC, (2) sto…
Segregated food culture? Bronze Age (1250–500 cal BCE) dietary practices in northern Estonia
Multi-proxy study reveals Bronze Age diet in Estonia was plant-based. • C3 plants were staple food across all social groups. • Meat and fish intake increased after 800 cal BCE. • No dietary differences between stone-cist and hilltop groups. • Regional dietary differences begin to emerge across the Eastern Baltic. The Bronze Age (2000/1750–500 BCE) in the Eastern Baltic has been considered a period for increased social stratification. While previo…
History (18 works) · History (13 works) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (11 works) · Archaeology (10 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (10 works) · Geography (10 works) · Historical and Archaeological Studies (10 works) · Ancient history (7 works) · Bronze Age (6 works) · Iron Age (5 works)