Ayman Shihadeh
Biographic Data
| ID | 4049079 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ayman Shihadeh |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ayman |
| FAMILY NAME | Shihadeh |
| SIGNATURE | SHIHADEH A |
| AFFILIATIONS | SOAS University of London |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Psychology and Ethical Epistemology
We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of…
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Ghūrid Self-Fashioning
This article investigates the intellectual production of the celebrated scholar Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) during the decade or so he spent in the service of the Ghūrid sultans, from ca. 591/1195 to 602/1206. Operating exclusively within religious disciplines—theology, law and Qurʾān exegesis—and displaying pronounced rhetorical and dialectical features, this production contrasts significantly with his earlier and later production, which …
Psychology and Ethical Epistemology
We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of…
Mereology in Kalām
The objective of this article is twofold. First, it investigates mereology in medieval Islamic theology, particularly the theologians’ claim that the whole is identical to its parts and accordingly that at least some attributes common to the parts must by extension be attributed of the whole. This claim was refuted by philosophers and, from the eleventh century onwards, an increasing number of theologians. Second, it offers a new interpretation o…
Avicenna’s Corporeal Form and Proof of Prime Matter in Twelfth-Century Critical Philosophy
This article explores a previously unknown twelfth-century debate surrounding Avicenna's theory of matter, in particular his views that, being deprived of actuality, prime matter is non-corporeal, and that body is invested with corporeity by a substantial form impressed into matter known as corporeal form. Avicenna's main proof of prime matter from body's susceptibility to division was targeted earlier in the century by Ab l-Barakt al-Baghdd and …
Fakhr al‐ D īn al‐ R āzī's Response to S haraf al‐ D īn al‐ M as ̔ūdī's Critical Commentary on A vicenna's I shārāt
The Argument From Ignorance and Its Critics in Medieval Arabic Thought
The earliest debate on the argument from ignorance emerged in Islamic rational theology around the fourth/tenth century, approximately seven centuries before John Locke identified it as a distinct type of argument. The most influential defences of the epistemological principle that ‘that for which there is no evidence must be negated’ are encountered in Muʿtazilī sources, particularly ʿAbd al-Jabbār and al-Malāḥimī who argue that without this pri…
A Post-Ghazalian critic of Avicenna
This article sheds new light on the sixth/twelfth-century anti-Avicennan current, which took its cue primarily from al-Ghazālī’s Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahāfut al-falāsifa). A key representative of this current, Ibn Ghaylān al-Balkhī (d. ca. 590/1194), veers away from the usual points of conflict in metaphysics and natural philosophy, directing his attention instead to descriptions of the properties of simple drugs in Avicenna's Canon o…
Classical Ash‘arī Anthropology
A lthough it is widely recognised that Ash'arism enters the sixth/twelfth century with a physicalist theory of man and exits with an Avicennan-inspired body-soul dualism, the exact nature and circumstances of this conversion, one of the starkest and most momentous shifts in school doctrine, remain little understood. 1 In contrast to the considerable attention that al-Ghaza ̄lı ̄'s theory of the soul, the earliest episode in the post-classical era…
Introduction
The existence of God
The problem of whether or not belief in God should be founded in reason has a complex history in Islam. Both kalām exponents and philosophers showed a keen interest in advancing arguments for the existence of God, which was born of diverse motives, chiefly the need to establish this most crucial doctrine within their broader metaphysical systems, to respond to physicalist atheism, and to support and enrich the belief and piety of believers. Yet t…
The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology
This series of critical reflections on the evolution and major themes of pre-modern Muslim theology begins with the revelation of the Koran, and extends to the beginnings of modernity in the eighteenth century. The significance of Islamic theology reflects the immense importance of Islam in the history of monotheism, to which it has brought a unique approach and style, and a range of solutions which are of abiding interest. Devoting especial atte…
Sufism and Theology
Islam on Campus
The purpose of the 'Islam on Campus' conference was to consider the state of Islamic Studies in the UK.Its immediate context was the awareness that issues relating to the teaching of Islamic Studies were assuming greater importance, both on university campuses and in the funding and political arenas.The general interest in, and concern about, these issues has led to a number of previous events, including the Islam and Higher Education conference …
Three Apologetic Stances in al-Tūfī
What would a good theologian do when faced with Qur'anic statements that are, one way or another, problematic, either when considered in themselves, or if they appear inconsistent? A theologian may go as far as contending that what appears to be a problem is not actually a problem, but will not go any further to pretend that, au contraire, it is somehow a positive thing. One figure, Najm al-Dīn al-Tūfī, thought otherwise. A certain class of probl…
From Al-Ghazālī to Al-Rāzī
According to Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī (d. 771 / 1370), al-Ghazālī (d. 505 / 1111) was the renewer ( mujaddid ) of the Muslim faith at the end of the 5th / 11th century, whereas al-Rāzī (d. 606 /1210) was the renewer of faith at the end of the 6th / 12th century. That al-Ghazālī deserves such an honour can hardly be disputed, and his importance in the history of Islamic thought is generally recognised. However, the same cannot, as easily, be said of al…
Classical Ash‘arī Anthropology
A lthough it is widely recognised that Ash'arism enters the sixth/twelfth century with a physicalist theory of man and exits with an Avicennan-inspired body-soul dualism, the exact nature and circumstances of this conversion, one of the starkest and most momentous shifts in school doctrine, remain little understood. 1 In contrast to the considerable attention that al-Ghaza ̄lı ̄'s theory of the soul, the earliest episode in the post-classical era…
Introduction
From Al-Ghazālī to Al-Rāzī
According to Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī (d. 771 / 1370), al-Ghazālī (d. 505 / 1111) was the renewer ( mujaddid ) of the Muslim faith at the end of the 5th / 11th century, whereas al-Rāzī (d. 606 /1210) was the renewer of faith at the end of the 6th / 12th century. That al-Ghazālī deserves such an honour can hardly be disputed, and his importance in the history of Islamic thought is generally recognised. However, the same cannot, as easily, be said of al…
Three Apologetic Stances in al-Tūfī
What would a good theologian do when faced with Qur'anic statements that are, one way or another, problematic, either when considered in themselves, or if they appear inconsistent? A theologian may go as far as contending that what appears to be a problem is not actually a problem, but will not go any further to pretend that, au contraire, it is somehow a positive thing. One figure, Najm al-Dīn al-Tūfī, thought otherwise. A certain class of probl…
Sufism and Theology
Islam on Campus
The purpose of the 'Islam on Campus' conference was to consider the state of Islamic Studies in the UK.Its immediate context was the awareness that issues relating to the teaching of Islamic Studies were assuming greater importance, both on university campuses and in the funding and political arenas.The general interest in, and concern about, these issues has led to a number of previous events, including the Islam and Higher Education conference …
The existence of God
The problem of whether or not belief in God should be founded in reason has a complex history in Islam. Both kalām exponents and philosophers showed a keen interest in advancing arguments for the existence of God, which was born of diverse motives, chiefly the need to establish this most crucial doctrine within their broader metaphysical systems, to respond to physicalist atheism, and to support and enrich the belief and piety of believers. Yet t…
The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology
This series of critical reflections on the evolution and major themes of pre-modern Muslim theology begins with the revelation of the Koran, and extends to the beginnings of modernity in the eighteenth century. The significance of Islamic theology reflects the immense importance of Islam in the history of monotheism, to which it has brought a unique approach and style, and a range of solutions which are of abiding interest. Devoting especial atte…
Classical Ash‘arī Anthropology
A lthough it is widely recognised that Ash'arism enters the sixth/twelfth century with a physicalist theory of man and exits with an Avicennan-inspired body-soul dualism, the exact nature and circumstances of this conversion, one of the starkest and most momentous shifts in school doctrine, remain little understood. 1 In contrast to the considerable attention that al-Ghaza ̄lı ̄'s theory of the soul, the earliest episode in the post-classical era…
Introduction
The Argument From Ignorance and Its Critics in Medieval Arabic Thought
The earliest debate on the argument from ignorance emerged in Islamic rational theology around the fourth/tenth century, approximately seven centuries before John Locke identified it as a distinct type of argument. The most influential defences of the epistemological principle that ‘that for which there is no evidence must be negated’ are encountered in Muʿtazilī sources, particularly ʿAbd al-Jabbār and al-Malāḥimī who argue that without this pri…
A Post-Ghazalian critic of Avicenna
This article sheds new light on the sixth/twelfth-century anti-Avicennan current, which took its cue primarily from al-Ghazālī’s Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahāfut al-falāsifa). A key representative of this current, Ibn Ghaylān al-Balkhī (d. ca. 590/1194), veers away from the usual points of conflict in metaphysics and natural philosophy, directing his attention instead to descriptions of the properties of simple drugs in Avicenna's Canon o…
Avicenna’s Corporeal Form and Proof of Prime Matter in Twelfth-Century Critical Philosophy
This article explores a previously unknown twelfth-century debate surrounding Avicenna's theory of matter, in particular his views that, being deprived of actuality, prime matter is non-corporeal, and that body is invested with corporeity by a substantial form impressed into matter known as corporeal form. Avicenna's main proof of prime matter from body's susceptibility to division was targeted earlier in the century by Ab l-Barakt al-Baghdd and …
Fakhr al‐ D īn al‐ R āzī's Response to S haraf al‐ D īn al‐ M as ̔ūdī's Critical Commentary on A vicenna's I shārāt
Mereology in Kalām
The objective of this article is twofold. First, it investigates mereology in medieval Islamic theology, particularly the theologians’ claim that the whole is identical to its parts and accordingly that at least some attributes common to the parts must by extension be attributed of the whole. This claim was refuted by philosophers and, from the eleventh century onwards, an increasing number of theologians. Second, it offers a new interpretation o…
Psychology and Ethical Epistemology
We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of…
Psychology and Ethical Epistemology
We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of…
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Ghūrid Self-Fashioning
This article investigates the intellectual production of the celebrated scholar Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) during the decade or so he spent in the service of the Ghūrid sultans, from ca. 591/1195 to 602/1206. Operating exclusively within religious disciplines—theology, law and Qurʾān exegesis—and displaying pronounced rhetorical and dialectical features, this production contrasts significantly with his earlier and later production, which …
Islamic Studies and History (13 works) · Philosophy (13 works) · Medieval and Classical Philosophy (12 works) · Theology (11 works) · Epistemology (10 works) · Islam (9 works) · Islamic Thought and Society Studies (6 works) · Philosophy (6 works) · History (5 works) · Sociology (5 works)