Carla S Hadden
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4052783 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Carla S Hadden |
| PRENOMES | Carla S |
| SOBRENOME | Hadden |
| ASSINATURA | HADDEN C S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Georgia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6577-5558 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 101 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Collaborative Archaeology, Public Parks, and the Importance of Chronology at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park
Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, located in Macon, Georgia, is one of the most iconic cultural sites in the Southeast and is a Traditional Cultural Place (TCP) of the Muscogee Nation and other federally recognized Tribal Nations. Early work (1933–1941) revealed a network of earthen monuments and other features. Prior to our work, there were only two radiocarbon dates from the primary Native American occupation of Ocmulgee. Both were run …
Of islands and dogs
Radiocarbon age offsets in post-bomb terrestrial snails from the Florida Peninsula, USA
Terrestrial gastropods can incorporate carbon from multiple sources, including 14 C-depleted carbonate from limestone, known as the “Limestone Problem” (Goodfriend and Stipp 1983). This affects the reliability of 14 C dating on terrestrial snails, and varies by species, habitat, and physiography, necessitating local validation studies. This study assessed whether two land snail taxa common in carbonate terrains of Florida (USA) accurately reflect…
The Emergence and Evolution of Charleston, South Carolina’s (U.S.A.) Colonial Economy
Comparing Bioapatite and Collagen Radiocarbon Dates From a 16th Century Cemetery Context—el Japón, Xochimilco, Mexico City
El Japón is a 16th century hamlet site in the marshlands of the southern Basin of Mexico in central Mesoamerica. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating and OxCal modeling of human bone collagen (n = 11) identifies a range of burials at El Japón cemetery from 1550–1650 cal. CE. The refined chronology identifies use of this rural settlement well after the onset of colonial government-sponsored relocation of Indigenous people to larger settlements (congregacion…
Approximate” Wiggle-Match Dating Applied to Early American Museum Objects
Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences is particularly promising for achieving high-resolution dating across periods with reversals and plateaus in the calibration curve, such as the entire post-Columbian period of North American history. Here we describe a modified procedure for wiggle-match dating that facilitates precise dating of wooden museum objects while minimizing damage due to destructive sampling. We present two case studies, a dugo…
Cattle (Bos taurus) as colonists in South Carolina’s Lowcountry (USA), CE 1670–1900
Dating Marine Shell
Radiocarbon dates on marine shell and other materials of marine origin appear significantly older than contemporaneous samples of terrestrial/atmospheric origin. Misunderstandings regarding the mechanisms that give rise to this 'marine reservoir effect' (MRE), the terminology used to define it, and the mathematics used to describe it cause many coastal archaeologists to distrust or misinterpret marine shell dates. The recent release of a reformul…
The Changing Profile of Tenure-Track Faculty in Archaeology
The goal for many PhD students in archaeology is tenure-track employment. Students primarily receive their training by tenure-track or tenured professors, and they are often tacitly expected—or explicitly encouraged—to follow in the footsteps of their advisor. However, the career trajectories that current and recent PhD students follow may hold little resemblance to the ones experienced by their advisors. To understand these different paths and t…
Marine Biogenic Carbonates and Radiocarbon—a Retrospective on Shells and Corals With an Outlook on Challenges and Opportunities
Many organisms living in the ocean create tests, shells, or related physical structures of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). As this is most often from dissolved inorganic carbon, using organisms that create calcium carbonate structures for climate research and dating purposes requires knowledge of the origin of carbon that is incorporated. Here, we give a short overview of research on marine carbonates over the last 60 years, especially that based on…
Temporality of fishery taskscapes on the north-central Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) during the Middle/Late Woodland period (AD 325-1040)
This study examines the timing, tempo, and logic of fishery taskscapes at two Woodland villages (ca. AD 325–1040) on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico (USA). A multi-proxy combination of zooarchaeological attributions, light stable isotope analyses, and related approaches reveals cyclical aspects of the temporality of taskscapes at these two non-farming communities, identifying which resources were collected when and where. Awareness …
Woodland-period fisheries on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Despite the prevalence of Woodland-period middens on the Gulf of Mexico’s northern coast, Woodland fisheries remain poorly known. Vertebrate and invertebrate assemblages from Plash Island (1BA134; cal AD 325–640) and Bayou St. John (1BA21; cal AD 650–1040) suggest this period was more than a prelude to Mississippian farming. Much of the coastal Woodland economy centered on reliable, productive estuarine resources, particularly molluscs and fishes…
From Land and Sea
Recent archaeological excavations on Rakahanga Atoll, Northern Cook Islands, produced one of the earliest examples of dog ( Canis familiaris ) remains found on East Polynesian atolls. Direct dating of these and other Pacific Island fauna by AMS is complicated by a number of factors. (1) The animals’ diets may consist of marine and terrestrial protein. (2) Marine 14 C is itself a mix of carbon pools with localized offsets that vary over time and s…
Effects of exposure to nixtamalization liquid on bone collagen δ13C and δ15N and archaeological implications
Marine Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica ) from Southwestern Florida, USA
In southwestern Florida, USA, terraformed landscapes built almost entirely of oyster shells ( Crassostrea virginica ) reflect a unique pre-Columbian tradition of shell-built architecture. The ability to reliably date oyster shells is essential to identifying spatial, temporal, and functional relationships among shellworks sites, yet to date there has been no systematic attempt to quantify or correct for carbon reservoir effects in this region. He…
Radiocarbon in Marsh Periwinkle ( Littorina Irrorata ) Conchiolin
In coastal and island archaeology, carbonate mollusk shells are often among the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The marsh periwinkle ( Littorina irrorata ) is one of these such species, ubiquitously found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States in both modern and archaeological contexts. This paper presents a novel approach to dating estuarine mollusks where rather than attempting to characterize …
Contact-Era Chronology Building in Iroquoia
Radiocarbon dating is rarely used in historical or contact-era North American archaeology because of idiosyncrasies of the calibration curve that result in ambiguous calendar dates for this period. We explore the potential and requirements for radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to create a time frame for early contact-era sites in northeast North America independent of the assumptions and approximations involved in temporal constructs based…
Carbon Isotopes (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) in Shell Carbonate, Conchiolin, and Soft Tissues in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica)
Biogeochemical analyses of eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) are frequently included in environmental monitoring and paleoecological studies because their shells and soft tissues record environmental and dietary signals. Carbon isotopes in the mineral phase of the shell are derived from ambient bicarbonate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), while organic carbon present in soft tissue is of dietary origin. Mineral-bound organic matter w…
Choosing a Path to the Ancient World in a Modern Market
Over the past 30 years, the number of US doctoral anthropology graduates has increased by about 70%, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the availability of new faculty positions. Consequently, doctoral degree-holding archaeologists face more competition than ever before when applying for faculty positions. Here we examine where US and Canadian anthropological archaeology faculty originate and where they ultimately end up teaching.…
Carbon Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster from Apalachicola Bay, USA
Eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) is an ubiquitous estuarine shellfish taxon in eastern North America and one of the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. We examine spatiotemporal variability in carbon reservoir effects among pre-bomb oysters from Apalachicola Bay, USA, a river-influenced estuary on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shells were sampled at multiple points along the valve to produce time-series record…
Spatiotemporal Variability in ΔR in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA
Strombus alatus and Busycon sinistrum are large marine gastropods that are frequently recovered from archaeological contexts in southeastern North America. We previously proposed a reservoir age offset (ΔR) for B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf of Mexico region based on known-age pre-bomb 20th-century specimens. We also reported significant variability in radiocarbon both among and within S. alatus specimens, which precluded a reliable estimati…
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Early Holocene Olivella Shell Beads from the Northwest Coast, USA
Archaeological investigations of the age and origins of marine shell beads are important for understanding the emergence and maintenance of long-distance trade networks in prehistory. In this paper we expand upon and re-examine the incremental carbon ( 14 C and δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotope data from two Olivella biplicata shell beads from the LSP-1 Rockshelter, Oregon, USA, to address two common problems in dating marine shell trade goods:…
The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon's LSP-1 Rockshelter
Beads manufactured from marine shells originating along the Pacific Coast have been found at numerous sites in the western United States. Because they were conveyed across substantial distances and widely exchanged during ethnographic times, researchers generally assume that shell beads were also traded prehistorically. By examining the spatial and temporal distribution of beads, researchers have reconstructed prehistoric exchange networks. In th…
Provisioning an Urban Economy
Isotopic evidence from animal bones deposited in urban contexts offers a landscape perspective into urban life, hinting at where animals lived before reaching their final resting place in the city. Here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence from cattle (Bos taurus) bones excavated from commercial and residential sites within historic Charleston, South Carolina, to evaluate whether markets pooled or segregated access to beef cattle d…
LA-ICP-MS chemical analysis of archaeological otoliths as a tool for seasonality and site catchment studies
C Variations in Pre-Bomb Nearshore Habitats of the Florida Panhandle, USA
This article presents radiocarbon data for known-age, pre-bomb marine gastropods, Busycon sinistrum and Strombus alatus , collected between AD 1924 and 1946 from nearshore environments of the Florida Panhandle, on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Δ 14 C was measured in whole crushed juvenile specimens ( n = 7) and terminal edges of adult specimens ( n = 6). A subsample of adult specimens ( n = 3) was subjected to additional, intrashell sampling to ob…
Contact-Era Chronology Building in Iroquoia
Radiocarbon dating is rarely used in historical or contact-era North American archaeology because of idiosyncrasies of the calibration curve that result in ambiguous calendar dates for this period. We explore the potential and requirements for radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to create a time frame for early contact-era sites in northeast North America independent of the assumptions and approximations involved in temporal constructs based…
Choosing a Path to the Ancient World in a Modern Market
Over the past 30 years, the number of US doctoral anthropology graduates has increased by about 70%, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the availability of new faculty positions. Consequently, doctoral degree-holding archaeologists face more competition than ever before when applying for faculty positions. Here we examine where US and Canadian anthropological archaeology faculty originate and where they ultimately end up teaching.…
Spatiotemporal Variability in ΔR in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA
Strombus alatus and Busycon sinistrum are large marine gastropods that are frequently recovered from archaeological contexts in southeastern North America. We previously proposed a reservoir age offset (ΔR) for B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf of Mexico region based on known-age pre-bomb 20th-century specimens. We also reported significant variability in radiocarbon both among and within S. alatus specimens, which precluded a reliable estimati…
Provisioning an Urban Economy
Isotopic evidence from animal bones deposited in urban contexts offers a landscape perspective into urban life, hinting at where animals lived before reaching their final resting place in the city. Here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence from cattle (Bos taurus) bones excavated from commercial and residential sites within historic Charleston, South Carolina, to evaluate whether markets pooled or segregated access to beef cattle d…
Dating Marine Shell
Radiocarbon dates on marine shell and other materials of marine origin appear significantly older than contemporaneous samples of terrestrial/atmospheric origin. Misunderstandings regarding the mechanisms that give rise to this 'marine reservoir effect' (MRE), the terminology used to define it, and the mathematics used to describe it cause many coastal archaeologists to distrust or misinterpret marine shell dates. The recent release of a reformul…
Carbon Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster from Apalachicola Bay, USA
Eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) is an ubiquitous estuarine shellfish taxon in eastern North America and one of the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. We examine spatiotemporal variability in carbon reservoir effects among pre-bomb oysters from Apalachicola Bay, USA, a river-influenced estuary on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shells were sampled at multiple points along the valve to produce time-series record…
The Changing Profile of Tenure-Track Faculty in Archaeology
The goal for many PhD students in archaeology is tenure-track employment. Students primarily receive their training by tenure-track or tenured professors, and they are often tacitly expected—or explicitly encouraged—to follow in the footsteps of their advisor. However, the career trajectories that current and recent PhD students follow may hold little resemblance to the ones experienced by their advisors. To understand these different paths and t…
Carbon Isotopes (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) in Shell Carbonate, Conchiolin, and Soft Tissues in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica)
Biogeochemical analyses of eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) are frequently included in environmental monitoring and paleoecological studies because their shells and soft tissues record environmental and dietary signals. Carbon isotopes in the mineral phase of the shell are derived from ambient bicarbonate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), while organic carbon present in soft tissue is of dietary origin. Mineral-bound organic matter w…
Testing archaeofaunal collections for differential fragmentation
Marine Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica ) from Southwestern Florida, USA
In southwestern Florida, USA, terraformed landscapes built almost entirely of oyster shells ( Crassostrea virginica ) reflect a unique pre-Columbian tradition of shell-built architecture. The ability to reliably date oyster shells is essential to identifying spatial, temporal, and functional relationships among shellworks sites, yet to date there has been no systematic attempt to quantify or correct for carbon reservoir effects in this region. He…
LA-ICP-MS chemical analysis of archaeological otoliths as a tool for seasonality and site catchment studies
From Land and Sea
Recent archaeological excavations on Rakahanga Atoll, Northern Cook Islands, produced one of the earliest examples of dog ( Canis familiaris ) remains found on East Polynesian atolls. Direct dating of these and other Pacific Island fauna by AMS is complicated by a number of factors. (1) The animals’ diets may consist of marine and terrestrial protein. (2) Marine 14 C is itself a mix of carbon pools with localized offsets that vary over time and s…
Radiocarbon in Marsh Periwinkle ( Littorina Irrorata ) Conchiolin
In coastal and island archaeology, carbonate mollusk shells are often among the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The marsh periwinkle ( Littorina irrorata ) is one of these such species, ubiquitously found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States in both modern and archaeological contexts. This paper presents a novel approach to dating estuarine mollusks where rather than attempting to characterize …
Marine Biogenic Carbonates and Radiocarbon—a Retrospective on Shells and Corals With an Outlook on Challenges and Opportunities
Many organisms living in the ocean create tests, shells, or related physical structures of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). As this is most often from dissolved inorganic carbon, using organisms that create calcium carbonate structures for climate research and dating purposes requires knowledge of the origin of carbon that is incorporated. Here, we give a short overview of research on marine carbonates over the last 60 years, especially that based on…
Woodland-period fisheries on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Despite the prevalence of Woodland-period middens on the Gulf of Mexico’s northern coast, Woodland fisheries remain poorly known. Vertebrate and invertebrate assemblages from Plash Island (1BA134; cal AD 325–640) and Bayou St. John (1BA21; cal AD 650–1040) suggest this period was more than a prelude to Mississippian farming. Much of the coastal Woodland economy centered on reliable, productive estuarine resources, particularly molluscs and fishes…
Comparing Bioapatite and Collagen Radiocarbon Dates From a 16th Century Cemetery Context—el Japón, Xochimilco, Mexico City
El Japón is a 16th century hamlet site in the marshlands of the southern Basin of Mexico in central Mesoamerica. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating and OxCal modeling of human bone collagen (n = 11) identifies a range of burials at El Japón cemetery from 1550–1650 cal. CE. The refined chronology identifies use of this rural settlement well after the onset of colonial government-sponsored relocation of Indigenous people to larger settlements (congregacion…
Approximate” Wiggle-Match Dating Applied to Early American Museum Objects
Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences is particularly promising for achieving high-resolution dating across periods with reversals and plateaus in the calibration curve, such as the entire post-Columbian period of North American history. Here we describe a modified procedure for wiggle-match dating that facilitates precise dating of wooden museum objects while minimizing damage due to destructive sampling. We present two case studies, a dugo…
Temporality of fishery taskscapes on the north-central Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) during the Middle/Late Woodland period (AD 325-1040)
This study examines the timing, tempo, and logic of fishery taskscapes at two Woodland villages (ca. AD 325–1040) on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico (USA). A multi-proxy combination of zooarchaeological attributions, light stable isotope analyses, and related approaches reveals cyclical aspects of the temporality of taskscapes at these two non-farming communities, identifying which resources were collected when and where. Awareness …
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Early Holocene Olivella Shell Beads from the Northwest Coast, USA
Archaeological investigations of the age and origins of marine shell beads are important for understanding the emergence and maintenance of long-distance trade networks in prehistory. In this paper we expand upon and re-examine the incremental carbon ( 14 C and δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotope data from two Olivella biplicata shell beads from the LSP-1 Rockshelter, Oregon, USA, to address two common problems in dating marine shell trade goods:…
Provisioning an Urban Economy
Isotopic evidence from animal bones deposited in urban contexts offers a landscape perspective into urban life, hinting at where animals lived before reaching their final resting place in the city. Here, we use stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence from cattle (Bos taurus) bones excavated from commercial and residential sites within historic Charleston, South Carolina, to evaluate whether markets pooled or segregated access to beef cattle d…
LA-ICP-MS chemical analysis of archaeological otoliths as a tool for seasonality and site catchment studies
Testing archaeofaunal collections for differential fragmentation
C Variations in Pre-Bomb Nearshore Habitats of the Florida Panhandle, USA
This article presents radiocarbon data for known-age, pre-bomb marine gastropods, Busycon sinistrum and Strombus alatus , collected between AD 1924 and 1946 from nearshore environments of the Florida Panhandle, on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Δ 14 C was measured in whole crushed juvenile specimens ( n = 7) and terminal edges of adult specimens ( n = 6). A subsample of adult specimens ( n = 3) was subjected to additional, intrashell sampling to ob…
The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon's LSP-1 Rockshelter
Beads manufactured from marine shells originating along the Pacific Coast have been found at numerous sites in the western United States. Because they were conveyed across substantial distances and widely exchanged during ethnographic times, researchers generally assume that shell beads were also traded prehistorically. By examining the spatial and temporal distribution of beads, researchers have reconstructed prehistoric exchange networks. In th…
Carbon Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster from Apalachicola Bay, USA
Eastern oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) is an ubiquitous estuarine shellfish taxon in eastern North America and one of the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. We examine spatiotemporal variability in carbon reservoir effects among pre-bomb oysters from Apalachicola Bay, USA, a river-influenced estuary on the northern Gulf of Mexico. Shells were sampled at multiple points along the valve to produce time-series record…
Spatiotemporal Variability in ΔR in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA
Strombus alatus and Busycon sinistrum are large marine gastropods that are frequently recovered from archaeological contexts in southeastern North America. We previously proposed a reservoir age offset (ΔR) for B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf of Mexico region based on known-age pre-bomb 20th-century specimens. We also reported significant variability in radiocarbon both among and within S. alatus specimens, which precluded a reliable estimati…
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Early Holocene Olivella Shell Beads from the Northwest Coast, USA
Archaeological investigations of the age and origins of marine shell beads are important for understanding the emergence and maintenance of long-distance trade networks in prehistory. In this paper we expand upon and re-examine the incremental carbon ( 14 C and δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotope data from two Olivella biplicata shell beads from the LSP-1 Rockshelter, Oregon, USA, to address two common problems in dating marine shell trade goods:…
Carbon Isotopes (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) in Shell Carbonate, Conchiolin, and Soft Tissues in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica)
Biogeochemical analyses of eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) are frequently included in environmental monitoring and paleoecological studies because their shells and soft tissues record environmental and dietary signals. Carbon isotopes in the mineral phase of the shell are derived from ambient bicarbonate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), while organic carbon present in soft tissue is of dietary origin. Mineral-bound organic matter w…
Choosing a Path to the Ancient World in a Modern Market
Over the past 30 years, the number of US doctoral anthropology graduates has increased by about 70%, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the availability of new faculty positions. Consequently, doctoral degree-holding archaeologists face more competition than ever before when applying for faculty positions. Here we examine where US and Canadian anthropological archaeology faculty originate and where they ultimately end up teaching.…
Effects of exposure to nixtamalization liquid on bone collagen δ13C and δ15N and archaeological implications
Marine Reservoir Effects in Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea Virginica ) from Southwestern Florida, USA
In southwestern Florida, USA, terraformed landscapes built almost entirely of oyster shells ( Crassostrea virginica ) reflect a unique pre-Columbian tradition of shell-built architecture. The ability to reliably date oyster shells is essential to identifying spatial, temporal, and functional relationships among shellworks sites, yet to date there has been no systematic attempt to quantify or correct for carbon reservoir effects in this region. He…
Radiocarbon in Marsh Periwinkle ( Littorina Irrorata ) Conchiolin
In coastal and island archaeology, carbonate mollusk shells are often among the most abundant materials available for radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating. The marsh periwinkle ( Littorina irrorata ) is one of these such species, ubiquitously found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States in both modern and archaeological contexts. This paper presents a novel approach to dating estuarine mollusks where rather than attempting to characterize …
Contact-Era Chronology Building in Iroquoia
Radiocarbon dating is rarely used in historical or contact-era North American archaeology because of idiosyncrasies of the calibration curve that result in ambiguous calendar dates for this period. We explore the potential and requirements for radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis to create a time frame for early contact-era sites in northeast North America independent of the assumptions and approximations involved in temporal constructs based…
From Land and Sea
Recent archaeological excavations on Rakahanga Atoll, Northern Cook Islands, produced one of the earliest examples of dog ( Canis familiaris ) remains found on East Polynesian atolls. Direct dating of these and other Pacific Island fauna by AMS is complicated by a number of factors. (1) The animals’ diets may consist of marine and terrestrial protein. (2) Marine 14 C is itself a mix of carbon pools with localized offsets that vary over time and s…
Woodland-period fisheries on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Despite the prevalence of Woodland-period middens on the Gulf of Mexico’s northern coast, Woodland fisheries remain poorly known. Vertebrate and invertebrate assemblages from Plash Island (1BA134; cal AD 325–640) and Bayou St. John (1BA21; cal AD 650–1040) suggest this period was more than a prelude to Mississippian farming. Much of the coastal Woodland economy centered on reliable, productive estuarine resources, particularly molluscs and fishes…
The Changing Profile of Tenure-Track Faculty in Archaeology
The goal for many PhD students in archaeology is tenure-track employment. Students primarily receive their training by tenure-track or tenured professors, and they are often tacitly expected—or explicitly encouraged—to follow in the footsteps of their advisor. However, the career trajectories that current and recent PhD students follow may hold little resemblance to the ones experienced by their advisors. To understand these different paths and t…
Marine Biogenic Carbonates and Radiocarbon—a Retrospective on Shells and Corals With an Outlook on Challenges and Opportunities
Many organisms living in the ocean create tests, shells, or related physical structures of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). As this is most often from dissolved inorganic carbon, using organisms that create calcium carbonate structures for climate research and dating purposes requires knowledge of the origin of carbon that is incorporated. Here, we give a short overview of research on marine carbonates over the last 60 years, especially that based on…
Temporality of fishery taskscapes on the north-central Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) during the Middle/Late Woodland period (AD 325-1040)
This study examines the timing, tempo, and logic of fishery taskscapes at two Woodland villages (ca. AD 325–1040) on the north-central coast of the Gulf of Mexico (USA). A multi-proxy combination of zooarchaeological attributions, light stable isotope analyses, and related approaches reveals cyclical aspects of the temporality of taskscapes at these two non-farming communities, identifying which resources were collected when and where. Awareness …
Cattle (Bos taurus) as colonists in South Carolina’s Lowcountry (USA), CE 1670–1900
Dating Marine Shell
Radiocarbon dates on marine shell and other materials of marine origin appear significantly older than contemporaneous samples of terrestrial/atmospheric origin. Misunderstandings regarding the mechanisms that give rise to this 'marine reservoir effect' (MRE), the terminology used to define it, and the mathematics used to describe it cause many coastal archaeologists to distrust or misinterpret marine shell dates. The recent release of a reformul…
The Emergence and Evolution of Charleston, South Carolina’s (U.S.A.) Colonial Economy
Comparing Bioapatite and Collagen Radiocarbon Dates From a 16th Century Cemetery Context—el Japón, Xochimilco, Mexico City
El Japón is a 16th century hamlet site in the marshlands of the southern Basin of Mexico in central Mesoamerica. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating and OxCal modeling of human bone collagen (n = 11) identifies a range of burials at El Japón cemetery from 1550–1650 cal. CE. The refined chronology identifies use of this rural settlement well after the onset of colonial government-sponsored relocation of Indigenous people to larger settlements (congregacion…
Approximate” Wiggle-Match Dating Applied to Early American Museum Objects
Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences is particularly promising for achieving high-resolution dating across periods with reversals and plateaus in the calibration curve, such as the entire post-Columbian period of North American history. Here we describe a modified procedure for wiggle-match dating that facilitates precise dating of wooden museum objects while minimizing damage due to destructive sampling. We present two case studies, a dugo…
Of islands and dogs
Archaeology (18 obras) · Geography (18 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 obras) · Geology (16 obras) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (15 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (14 obras) · Ecology (12 obras) · Biology (11 obras) · Oceanography (11 obras) · Paleontology (9 obras)