Charles E Holmes
Biographic Data
| ID | 4052944 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles E Holmes |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charles E |
| FAMILY NAME | Holmes |
| SIGNATURE | HOLMES C E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alaska Fairbanks |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4422-2310 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 187 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Alaska Natives and Mammoths: Enduring Cultural Relevance of Extinct Megafauna
Interactions between Native North Americans and extinct megafauna—including proboscideans (mammoths, mastodons, and gomphotheres)—tend to be portrayed only as predatory and only during a short period at the very end of the Pleistocene. In this article, we review the evidence of interaction between mammoths and Alaska Natives in subarctic/arctic North America to discuss how mammoths have held larger cultural significance both during the period of …
Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas
In the middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska, the Holzman archaeological site is located along Shaw Creek's west bank. For the last three decades, the Tanana Valley has been the focus of intense Late Pleistocene archaeological and geological investigations into the interaction between the First Alaskans and Ice Age megafauna, particularly woolly mammoth. Archaeological excavations at the Holzman site have uncovered expedient tools on local quart…
Techno-Morphological Study of Swan Point Burins, from the 14,200-Year-Old Diuktai Phase of the East Beringian Tradition
In Beringia and adjacent regions, burins are considered essential in preparing osseous material for the insertion of microblades into slotted projectile points, among other functions. Archaeologists have largely focused on core techno-typology and chronology, while burins, often associated with these cores, were subjected to usewear analysis and traditional typological studies. In this paper, we study burins from an ivory workshop and the oldest …
Early Beringian Traditions: Functioning and Economy of the Stone Toolkit from Swan Point CZ4b, Alaska
The pressure knapping technique develops circa 25,000 cal BP in Northeast Asia and excels at producing highly standardized microblades. Microblade pressure knapping spreads throughout most of Northeast Asia up to the Russian Arctic, and Alaska, in areas where the human presence was unknown. Swan Point CZ4b is the earliest uncontested evidence of human occupation of Alaska, at around 14,000 cal BP. It yields a pressure microblade component produce…
Evaluating Systematic Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Auger Surveys to Determine Activity Areas at Three Open Air Sites in Central Alaska
This study explores various testing techniques' ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na'. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, i…
The Swan Point Site, Alaska: The Chronology of a Multi-Component Archaeological Site in Eastern Beringia
The Swan Point site in interior Alaska contains a significant multi-component archaeological record dating back to 14,200 cal BP. The site’s radiocarbon ( 14 C) chronology has been presented in scattered publications that mostly focus on specific archaeological periods in Alaska, in particular its terminal Pleistocene components associated with the East Beringian tradition. This paper synthesizes the site’s 14 C data and provides sequential Bayes…
Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska
Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In …
Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America
The Holzman archaeological site, located along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska, contained two mammoth ivory rods, of which one is bi-beveled, within a stratigraphically sealed cultural context. Dated 13,600-13,300 cal BP, these are the earliest known examples of osseous rod technology in the Americas. Beveled ivory, antler, and bone rods and points share technological similarities between Upper Paleolithic Europe, Asia, eastern Beringia, and the Cl…
The micromorphology of loess‐paleosol sequences in central Alaska: A new perspective on soil formation and landscape evolution since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP to present)
The middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska contains a well‐preserved record of human occupation and paleoenvironmental change since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP) and is a critical region for understanding human dispersal into the Americas. Micromorphology analysis of soils and sediments from six archaeological sites yields valuable information about soil formation processes and landscape evolution during the Late Glacial and into …
Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska
In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assem…
Small mammals and paleovironmental context of the terminal pleistocene and early holocene human occupation of central Alaska
This paper explores paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information that may be obtained from small‐mammal assemblages recovered at central Alaska archaeological sites dated to the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene (14,500–8,000 cal B.P.). Small‐mammal remains in these open‐air sites are primarily related to deposition by natural death causes and as such provide information on site paleoenvironments and landscape heterogeneity. Their pre…
A track in the Tanana: Forensic analysis of a Late Holocene footprint from central Alaska
Holzman South: A Late Pleistocene Archaeological Site along Shaw Creek, Tanana Valley, Interior Alaska
This report introduces the newly discovered Holzman South site with Pleistocene-aged components dated prior to the appearance of Clovis in North America. The site contains evidence for mammoth–human interaction, hearth activity areas, marrow extraction, and localized stone utilization in the middle Tanana Valley of Alaska, the northern gateway of the interior Canadian Ice Free Corridor
The Keystone Dune Site: A Bølling-Allerød Hunting Camp in Eastern Beringia
The Keystone Dune site, in central Alaska, contains a well-preserved archaeological occupation that dates to 13,430–13,230 cal yr BP. Archaeological excavations resulted in the recovery of features, and materials include hearths, faunal and lithic specimens, macrobotanical remains, and ocher. These were analyzed and interpreted to reconstruct past activities conducted at the site. Keystone Dune was most likely used for a short time, in the contex…
The Microblade Industry From Swan Point Cultural Zone 4b: Technological and Cultural Implications From the Earliest Human Occupation in Alaska
Swan Point in central Alaska contains the oldest recognized human occupation in Alaska (Cultural Zone 4b [CZ4b]), dating to circa 14,000 cal BP. This component consists of a microblade and burin industry with clear technological ties to the Siberian Upper Paleolithic Diuktai Culture. Through the systematic use of the Yubetsu method for the production of microblades, Swan Point is technologically more similar to Siberian microblade sites than to l…
Task-Specific Sites and Paleoindian Landscape Use in the Shaw Creek Flats, Alaska
Early colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, routes, and adaptive strategies
The Rosa-Keystone Dunes Field: The geoarchaeology and paleoecology of a late Quaternary stabilized dune field in Eastern Beringia
Stabilized sand sheets and dunes hold a remarkable amount of information on paleoenvironmental conditions under which late Quaternary landscapes evolved in northern subarctic regions. We provide the results of a project focused on understanding the development of lowland environments and ecosystems, including dunes and sand sheets, which were critical habitat for early human occupations in subarctic regions. Our study area is the Rosa-Keystone Du…
The relationship between microblade morphology and production technology in Alaska from the perspective of the Swan Point site
Animals as Raw Material in Beringia: Insights from the Site of Swan Point CZ4B, Alaska
We document the use of organic raw material in late Pleistocene eastern Beringia through the study of the site of Swan Point CZ4b, in central Alaska. CZ4b is attributed to the Dyuktai culture and dates to about 14,000 cal B.P. We interpret the occupation as a specialized workshop dedicated to the production and maintenance of organic-based tools following three lines of evidence: (1) limited on-site consumption of megafauna, (2) diversity of orga…
Gc/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids From Ancient Hearth Residues at the Swan Point Archaeological Site
Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is used to analyse soil residues from hearth sites in Swan Point, Alaska. An experimental hearth is also prepared by burning animal bones to study the characteristics of bone fires and the lipid residues that they leave embedded in soil. Hearth soil samples are derivatized with HCl in methanol to convert bound and unbound fatty acids into methyl esters. Concentrations of saturated fatty acid methyl e…
Geological and Cultural Context of the Nogahabara I Site
Interpretation of the Nogahabara I assemblage as a Late Pleistocene abandoned toolkit rests primarily on the premise of a single brief occupation at the site. The limited contextual data presented do not discount a palimpsest of noncontemporaneous assemblages in secondary contexts associated with a lag deposit. Spatial patterning, lithic assemblage patterning, artifact surface alteration, and disparate radiocarbon dates at the site, as well as ge…
Poésie et méditation chez Jean de la Ceppède
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Early colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, routes, and adaptive strategies
The relationship between microblade morphology and production technology in Alaska from the perspective of the Swan Point site
Animals as Raw Material in Beringia: Insights from the Site of Swan Point CZ4B, Alaska
We document the use of organic raw material in late Pleistocene eastern Beringia through the study of the site of Swan Point CZ4b, in central Alaska. CZ4b is attributed to the Dyuktai culture and dates to about 14,000 cal B.P. We interpret the occupation as a specialized workshop dedicated to the production and maintenance of organic-based tools following three lines of evidence: (1) limited on-site consumption of megafauna, (2) diversity of orga…
The Microblade Industry From Swan Point Cultural Zone 4b: Technological and Cultural Implications From the Earliest Human Occupation in Alaska
Swan Point in central Alaska contains the oldest recognized human occupation in Alaska (Cultural Zone 4b [CZ4b]), dating to circa 14,000 cal BP. This component consists of a microblade and burin industry with clear technological ties to the Siberian Upper Paleolithic Diuktai Culture. Through the systematic use of the Yubetsu method for the production of microblades, Swan Point is technologically more similar to Siberian microblade sites than to l…
Task-Specific Sites and Paleoindian Landscape Use in the Shaw Creek Flats, Alaska
Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska
In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assem…
Holzman South: A Late Pleistocene Archaeological Site along Shaw Creek, Tanana Valley, Interior Alaska
This report introduces the newly discovered Holzman South site with Pleistocene-aged components dated prior to the appearance of Clovis in North America. The site contains evidence for mammoth–human interaction, hearth activity areas, marrow extraction, and localized stone utilization in the middle Tanana Valley of Alaska, the northern gateway of the interior Canadian Ice Free Corridor
Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America
The Holzman archaeological site, located along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska, contained two mammoth ivory rods, of which one is bi-beveled, within a stratigraphically sealed cultural context. Dated 13,600-13,300 cal BP, these are the earliest known examples of osseous rod technology in the Americas. Beveled ivory, antler, and bone rods and points share technological similarities between Upper Paleolithic Europe, Asia, eastern Beringia, and the Cl…
The micromorphology of loess‐paleosol sequences in central Alaska: A new perspective on soil formation and landscape evolution since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP to present)
The middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska contains a well‐preserved record of human occupation and paleoenvironmental change since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP) and is a critical region for understanding human dispersal into the Americas. Micromorphology analysis of soils and sediments from six archaeological sites yields valuable information about soil formation processes and landscape evolution during the Late Glacial and into …
Gc/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids From Ancient Hearth Residues at the Swan Point Archaeological Site
Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is used to analyse soil residues from hearth sites in Swan Point, Alaska. An experimental hearth is also prepared by burning animal bones to study the characteristics of bone fires and the lipid residues that they leave embedded in soil. Hearth soil samples are derivatized with HCl in methanol to convert bound and unbound fatty acids into methyl esters. Concentrations of saturated fatty acid methyl e…
Geological and Cultural Context of the Nogahabara I Site
Interpretation of the Nogahabara I assemblage as a Late Pleistocene abandoned toolkit rests primarily on the premise of a single brief occupation at the site. The limited contextual data presented do not discount a palimpsest of noncontemporaneous assemblages in secondary contexts associated with a lag deposit. Spatial patterning, lithic assemblage patterning, artifact surface alteration, and disparate radiocarbon dates at the site, as well as ge…
The Swan Point Site, Alaska: The Chronology of a Multi-Component Archaeological Site in Eastern Beringia
The Swan Point site in interior Alaska contains a significant multi-component archaeological record dating back to 14,200 cal BP. The site’s radiocarbon ( 14 C) chronology has been presented in scattered publications that mostly focus on specific archaeological periods in Alaska, in particular its terminal Pleistocene components associated with the East Beringian tradition. This paper synthesizes the site’s 14 C data and provides sequential Bayes…
Small mammals and paleovironmental context of the terminal pleistocene and early holocene human occupation of central Alaska
This paper explores paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information that may be obtained from small‐mammal assemblages recovered at central Alaska archaeological sites dated to the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene (14,500–8,000 cal B.P.). Small‐mammal remains in these open‐air sites are primarily related to deposition by natural death causes and as such provide information on site paleoenvironments and landscape heterogeneity. Their pre…
The Keystone Dune Site: A Bølling-Allerød Hunting Camp in Eastern Beringia
The Keystone Dune site, in central Alaska, contains a well-preserved archaeological occupation that dates to 13,430–13,230 cal yr BP. Archaeological excavations resulted in the recovery of features, and materials include hearths, faunal and lithic specimens, macrobotanical remains, and ocher. These were analyzed and interpreted to reconstruct past activities conducted at the site. Keystone Dune was most likely used for a short time, in the contex…
The Rosa-Keystone Dunes Field: The geoarchaeology and paleoecology of a late Quaternary stabilized dune field in Eastern Beringia
Stabilized sand sheets and dunes hold a remarkable amount of information on paleoenvironmental conditions under which late Quaternary landscapes evolved in northern subarctic regions. We provide the results of a project focused on understanding the development of lowland environments and ecosystems, including dunes and sand sheets, which were critical habitat for early human occupations in subarctic regions. Our study area is the Rosa-Keystone Du…
Early Beringian Traditions: Functioning and Economy of the Stone Toolkit from Swan Point CZ4b, Alaska
The pressure knapping technique develops circa 25,000 cal BP in Northeast Asia and excels at producing highly standardized microblades. Microblade pressure knapping spreads throughout most of Northeast Asia up to the Russian Arctic, and Alaska, in areas where the human presence was unknown. Swan Point CZ4b is the earliest uncontested evidence of human occupation of Alaska, at around 14,000 cal BP. It yields a pressure microblade component produce…
Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska
Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In …
A track in the Tanana: Forensic analysis of a Late Holocene footprint from central Alaska
Poésie et méditation chez Jean de la Ceppède
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Geological and Cultural Context of the Nogahabara I Site
Interpretation of the Nogahabara I assemblage as a Late Pleistocene abandoned toolkit rests primarily on the premise of a single brief occupation at the site. The limited contextual data presented do not discount a palimpsest of noncontemporaneous assemblages in secondary contexts associated with a lag deposit. Spatial patterning, lithic assemblage patterning, artifact surface alteration, and disparate radiocarbon dates at the site, as well as ge…
Gc/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids From Ancient Hearth Residues at the Swan Point Archaeological Site
Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is used to analyse soil residues from hearth sites in Swan Point, Alaska. An experimental hearth is also prepared by burning animal bones to study the characteristics of bone fires and the lipid residues that they leave embedded in soil. Hearth soil samples are derivatized with HCl in methanol to convert bound and unbound fatty acids into methyl esters. Concentrations of saturated fatty acid methyl e…
The Rosa-Keystone Dunes Field: The geoarchaeology and paleoecology of a late Quaternary stabilized dune field in Eastern Beringia
Stabilized sand sheets and dunes hold a remarkable amount of information on paleoenvironmental conditions under which late Quaternary landscapes evolved in northern subarctic regions. We provide the results of a project focused on understanding the development of lowland environments and ecosystems, including dunes and sand sheets, which were critical habitat for early human occupations in subarctic regions. Our study area is the Rosa-Keystone Du…
The relationship between microblade morphology and production technology in Alaska from the perspective of the Swan Point site
Animals as Raw Material in Beringia: Insights from the Site of Swan Point CZ4B, Alaska
We document the use of organic raw material in late Pleistocene eastern Beringia through the study of the site of Swan Point CZ4b, in central Alaska. CZ4b is attributed to the Dyuktai culture and dates to about 14,000 cal B.P. We interpret the occupation as a specialized workshop dedicated to the production and maintenance of organic-based tools following three lines of evidence: (1) limited on-site consumption of megafauna, (2) diversity of orga…
Task-Specific Sites and Paleoindian Landscape Use in the Shaw Creek Flats, Alaska
Early colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, routes, and adaptive strategies
Holzman South: A Late Pleistocene Archaeological Site along Shaw Creek, Tanana Valley, Interior Alaska
This report introduces the newly discovered Holzman South site with Pleistocene-aged components dated prior to the appearance of Clovis in North America. The site contains evidence for mammoth–human interaction, hearth activity areas, marrow extraction, and localized stone utilization in the middle Tanana Valley of Alaska, the northern gateway of the interior Canadian Ice Free Corridor
The Keystone Dune Site: A Bølling-Allerød Hunting Camp in Eastern Beringia
The Keystone Dune site, in central Alaska, contains a well-preserved archaeological occupation that dates to 13,430–13,230 cal yr BP. Archaeological excavations resulted in the recovery of features, and materials include hearths, faunal and lithic specimens, macrobotanical remains, and ocher. These were analyzed and interpreted to reconstruct past activities conducted at the site. Keystone Dune was most likely used for a short time, in the contex…
The Microblade Industry From Swan Point Cultural Zone 4b: Technological and Cultural Implications From the Earliest Human Occupation in Alaska
Swan Point in central Alaska contains the oldest recognized human occupation in Alaska (Cultural Zone 4b [CZ4b]), dating to circa 14,000 cal BP. This component consists of a microblade and burin industry with clear technological ties to the Siberian Upper Paleolithic Diuktai Culture. Through the systematic use of the Yubetsu method for the production of microblades, Swan Point is technologically more similar to Siberian microblade sites than to l…
Small mammals and paleovironmental context of the terminal pleistocene and early holocene human occupation of central Alaska
This paper explores paleoenvironmental and paleoecological information that may be obtained from small‐mammal assemblages recovered at central Alaska archaeological sites dated to the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene (14,500–8,000 cal B.P.). Small‐mammal remains in these open‐air sites are primarily related to deposition by natural death causes and as such provide information on site paleoenvironments and landscape heterogeneity. Their pre…
A track in the Tanana: Forensic analysis of a Late Holocene footprint from central Alaska
The micromorphology of loess‐paleosol sequences in central Alaska: A new perspective on soil formation and landscape evolution since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP to present)
The middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska contains a well‐preserved record of human occupation and paleoenvironmental change since the Late Glacial period (c. 16,000 cal yr BP) and is a critical region for understanding human dispersal into the Americas. Micromorphology analysis of soils and sediments from six archaeological sites yields valuable information about soil formation processes and landscape evolution during the Late Glacial and into …
Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska
In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assem…
Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska
Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In …
Mammoth Ivory Rods in Eastern Beringia: Earliest in North America
The Holzman archaeological site, located along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska, contained two mammoth ivory rods, of which one is bi-beveled, within a stratigraphically sealed cultural context. Dated 13,600-13,300 cal BP, these are the earliest known examples of osseous rod technology in the Americas. Beveled ivory, antler, and bone rods and points share technological similarities between Upper Paleolithic Europe, Asia, eastern Beringia, and the Cl…
Evaluating Systematic Use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Auger Surveys to Determine Activity Areas at Three Open Air Sites in Central Alaska
This study explores various testing techniques' ability to identify activity areas across deeply stratified, open air archaeological sites. To determine the efficacy of different site testing techniques, a systematic ground penetrating radar and auger survey was completed at three sites in central Alaska: Swan Point, Bachner, and Niidhaayh Na'. The results show that both ground penetrating radar and auger survey can indicate subsurface geology, i…
The Swan Point Site, Alaska: The Chronology of a Multi-Component Archaeological Site in Eastern Beringia
The Swan Point site in interior Alaska contains a significant multi-component archaeological record dating back to 14,200 cal BP. The site’s radiocarbon ( 14 C) chronology has been presented in scattered publications that mostly focus on specific archaeological periods in Alaska, in particular its terminal Pleistocene components associated with the East Beringian tradition. This paper synthesizes the site’s 14 C data and provides sequential Bayes…
Early Beringian Traditions: Functioning and Economy of the Stone Toolkit from Swan Point CZ4b, Alaska
The pressure knapping technique develops circa 25,000 cal BP in Northeast Asia and excels at producing highly standardized microblades. Microblade pressure knapping spreads throughout most of Northeast Asia up to the Russian Arctic, and Alaska, in areas where the human presence was unknown. Swan Point CZ4b is the earliest uncontested evidence of human occupation of Alaska, at around 14,000 cal BP. It yields a pressure microblade component produce…
Techno-Morphological Study of Swan Point Burins, from the 14,200-Year-Old Diuktai Phase of the East Beringian Tradition
In Beringia and adjacent regions, burins are considered essential in preparing osseous material for the insertion of microblades into slotted projectile points, among other functions. Archaeologists have largely focused on core techno-typology and chronology, while burins, often associated with these cores, were subjected to usewear analysis and traditional typological studies. In this paper, we study burins from an ivory workshop and the oldest …
Alaska Natives and Mammoths: Enduring Cultural Relevance of Extinct Megafauna
Interactions between Native North Americans and extinct megafauna—including proboscideans (mammoths, mastodons, and gomphotheres)—tend to be portrayed only as predatory and only during a short period at the very end of the Pleistocene. In this article, we review the evidence of interaction between mammoths and Alaska Natives in subarctic/arctic North America to discuss how mammoths have held larger cultural significance both during the period of …
Stone and mammoth ivory tool production, circulation, and human dispersals in the middle Tanana Valley, Alaska: Implications for the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas
In the middle Tanana Valley of central Alaska, the Holzman archaeological site is located along Shaw Creek's west bank. For the last three decades, the Tanana Valley has been the focus of intense Late Pleistocene archaeological and geological investigations into the interaction between the First Alaskans and Ice Age megafauna, particularly woolly mammoth. Archaeological excavations at the Holzman site have uncovered expedient tools on local quart…
Geography (20 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (19 works) · Geology (18 works) · Archaeology (17 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (17 works) · Pleistocene (15 works) · Beringia (11 works) · Indigenous Studies and Ecology (11 works) · Paleontology (9 works) · Geology (6 works)